一般学生的途经都是F1(学生)-->H1b(工作)-->绿卡申请.
亲属移民和劳工移民的485排期不一样.一般劳工移民是送到几个servicecenter的,而亲属移民则由localINSoffice排期决定.总之,从485到绿卡等上几年也不稀奇.
另外关于回国,递交485的同时可以申请劳工卡(EAD卡)也可以申请回美证(advancedparole),使用advancedparole可以回美,但回美的时候也可能被拒绝入境,所以没有绝对的.有的地区可能在递交485后很快就发EAD,也有的地方可能会先发放advancedparole.
据说如果怀疑你在美国逗留期间身份曾经黑过，那么有可能重新入境的时候被拒。这只是听说而已，不清楚几率。
485是专门给在美国境内调整身份的人使用的，所以一旦申请人离开美国(哪怕只是去加拿大)，那么该人的申请就等于自动放弃，所以递交485后如果因为特别原因一定要离开美国，那么一定要在申请到advancedparole之后，否则就不可能继续用485等绿卡了。如果你的老公是绿卡申请的主申请人，那么可能取消的可能只是你自己的绿卡机会;如果你是主申请人就不清楚了。advancedparole本来只是给人用来应急的，不过如果是在想回国就试试吧，否则熬过1年可能就等到绿卡了。
注：一旦递交了485表，申请人的身份就是AOS(AdjustmentofStatus),如果申请前是学生身份，那么485递交后该学生身份就实效了。在485批准前，申请者属于AOS，如果申请被拒绝，那么也不可能恢复之前的非移民签证身份了。持H1工作签证有些例外，因为H1虽然是非移民签证但是准许有移民倾向，而学生签证是不允许的。
TravelWhileAdjustmentofStatusisPending
DuringtheAdjustmentofStatusprocess,applicantsareconsideredtohaveabandonedanapplicationiftheyleavetheU.S.;however,twoimportantexceptionsapply.
AnapplicationforadjustmentisnotconsideredabandonediftheapplicantreceivesadvancepermissiontotraveloutsideoftheU.S.,otherwiseknownas"AdvanceParole."AdvanceParolemaybegrantedforanybonafidepersonalorbusinessreason,althoughoftenthepurposeforthetripmustbedocumentedandsubmittedalongwiththerequest.PleasenotethatanAdvanceParoledoesnotguaranteethatthealienwouldbeallowedtore-entertheUnitedStates.Therefore,adviceofCounselshouldalwaysbesoughtbeforethealienleavestheU.S.
ThesecondimportantexceptiontopotentialabandonmentappliestoavalidHorLcategorystatusapplicantswhomaytraveloutsidetheU.S.duringAdjustmentproceedingswithoutseekingAdvanceParole,provided:
1)theapplicantintendstoresumeemploymentwiththesameemployerforwhomtheoriginalHorLvisawasoriginallyissued;
2)theapplicantisinpossessionofavalidHorLvisaand;
3)theapplicantisinpossessionoftheoriginalI-797receiptwhichactsasevidenceofthefilingofanAdjustmentofStatusapplication.
DependentsandspousesinlawfulHorLstatusmayalsotravelwiththeprincipalapplicantaswell,providedtheirdependentstatusremainsvalidperitsterms.
AlthoughtheuseofAdvancedParolebytheholderofanHorLvisacanpreventtheabandonmentofAdjustmentproceedings,itmaycausethecancellationoftheHorLstatusoftheholder.
值得注意的是：“anAdvanceParoledoesnotguaranteethatthealienwouldbeallowedtore-entertheUnitedStates.“，所以即便有advancedparole不表明持有者肯定可以入境。
再有就是通过工作(H1)申请绿卡的，如果使用了advancedparole回美国，那么申请人原来的H1签证就作废了，所以一般律师都建议在递交485后仍然保持H1身份，也就是不用以调整身份为由而申请的EAD工作，也不使用advancedparole,这样万一你的绿卡申请被拒绝，还可以继续合法的H1工作签证。
使用advancedparole的危险性：
Whileadvancedparoleisaconvenienceforthosewhoqualify,itisnotalwaysaharmlessprocess.Therearesomedangersinherenttothoseapplicantswhogetadvancedparole.IftheapplicantwasunlawfullyintheUnitedStatesfor180daysormorebeforefilingtheadjustmentofstatusapplication,theapplicantwillbesubjecttothethree(3)yearbaruponreturningtotheU.S.IftheapplicantwasunlawfullyintheUnitedStatesfor1yearbeforefilingtheadjustmentofstatusapplication,theapplicantwillbesubjecttotheten(10)yearbaruponhisorherreturn.ThismeansthattheapplicantwillnotbeallowedtoentertheUnitedStatesforaperiodofeitherthreeortenyears(dependingonthelengthofunlawfulpresence)ifheorsheleavestheU.S.beforetheadjustmentofstatusapplicationisapproved.ThisistrueeveniftheapplicantobtainedadvanceparolebeforeleavingtheU.S.Thereisanotherdangerforanapplicantwhoobtainsadvancedparole.
advancedparoleFAQ
1.WhatisAdvanceParole
AdvanceParoleisadocumentforcertainaliens,whodonothaveavalidimmigrantvisaornon-immigrantvisa,tore-entertheUnitedStatesaftertravelingabroad.SuchaliensmustbeapprovedforAdvanceParolebeforeleavingtheUnitedStates.IftheyhavenotobtainedAdvanceParolepriortotravelingabroad,theywillnotbepermittedtore-entertheUnitedStatesupontheirreturn.
2.WhoneedsanAdvanceParole
AliensintheUnitedStateswhohave:
i)anapplicationforadjustmentofstatuspending;
ii)beenadmittedasarefugeeorhavebeengrantedasylum;
iii)beengrantedbenefitsundertheFamilyUnityProgram;
vi)anurgentpersonalorbonafidereasontotraveltemporarilyabroad.
3.WhatarethepurposesofAdvanceParole
Therearetwopurposesforadvanceparole:
i)ItenablesanalientocomebacktotheU.S.aftertravelingabroadwithoutthenecessityofobtainingavisatotheU.S.
ii)ItpreserveswhatevertheapplicationpendingattheINS.ThealienisparoledoutsideoftheU.S.andtheirapplication,suchastheapplicationforadjustmentofstatuscontinuestobeeffective.
4.HowdoesoneobtainAdvanceParole
ToapplyforAdvanceParole,pleasesubmitPDFDocument-INSFormI-131(4pages):
5.DoesanAdvanceParoleguaranteetheadmissionintotheUnitedStates
No,AdvanceParole,likeavisatotheU.S.,doesnotguaranteeadmissionintotheUnitedStates.AlienswhohaveobtainedAdvanceParolearestillsubjecttotheINSinspectionprocessattheportofentry.
6.CantravelabroadhavesevereconsequencesforaliensiftheyhavenotobtainedAdvanceParole
Yes,duetochangestoU.S.immigrationlaw,traveloutsideoftheUnitedStatesmayhavesevereconsequencesforcertainalienswhoareintheprocessofadjustingtheirstatusorchangingtheirnonimmigrantstatus.SuchaliensmaybefoundinadmissibletotheUnitedStatesuponreturnand/ortheirapplicationsforadjustmentorchangeofstatusmaybedenied.
7.HowlongdoesittaketogetanAdvanceParole
ItusuallytakesabouttwomonthsfortheINStoprocessanAdvanceParole.
8.WhatisthevaliddurationofanAdvanceParole
Oneyear.AnalienmaymakemultipleentriesintotheU.S.byusinganAdvancedParole.
9.WhatisthedifferencebetweenanAdvancedParoleandaRe-entryPermit
AnAdvancedParoleisissuedtoanalienwhodoesnothavepermanentresidentstatus.ARe-entryPermitisissuedtoapermanentresidentoftheU.S.Ontheappearance,anAdvancedParoleisapieceofpaperwiththealien'sphotowhereasaRe-entryPermitlookslikeapassport.AnAdvancedParolefunctionslikeavisatotheU.S.whileaRe-entryPermitfunctionssometimeslikeapassport.Inanotherword,analienwithanAdvancedParolestillneedsaforeignpassporttoenterintotheU.S.whileapermanentresidentwithaRe-entryPermitdoesnotneedaforeignpassporttoenterintotheU.S.