seasiden.海滨beachn.海(河、湖)滩
divev.跳水sailorn.水手
navyn.海军bathev.游泳;洗澡
cyclev.骑自行车saltyadj.盐的;咸的;含盐的
vastadj.巨大的;广阔的surfacen.表面
solidn.&adj.固体(的)mineraln.矿物质;矿物
seaweedn.海草;海藻variousadj.各种各样的;不同的
coraln.珊瑚;珊瑚虫varietyn.多样化;种类
depthn.深;深度;厚度low-lyingadj.地势低洼的
floatv.漂浮;浮动partlyadv.部分地;在一定程度上
springn.泉水;泉merelyadv.仅仅;只不过
hugeadj.巨大的;庞大的cubicadj.立方体的;立方形的
polen.极(点)occurv.发生
begv.乞求;请求treasuren.金银财宝;财富
captainn.船长;舰长voyagen.航行;航海
loadn.担子;货物
本单元重点短语
dowell做得好makeupone’smind下决心
takeadeepbreath深呼吸holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸
intendtodosomething试想去做comeup上升;抬头;上来
gocycling骑车byweight按重量
managetodosomething做成了某事begone’spardon请原谅
cubicmetre立方米on(the)average平均
atatime每次;一次leave…out省略
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.dive
【用法】v.跳下水;下沉;冲进;急跑
例1:Tomdivedfromthebridgetorescuethedrowningchild.
汤姆从桥上跳下去救那溺水的小孩。
例2:Thewhaledivedastheharpoonstruckit.
当鱼叉刺近入鲸的躯体时,它一头沉下水面。
例3:Whentherainstarted,wedivedintoarestaurant.
下雨了,我们冲进一家饭店去躲雨。
例4:Wedivedforcoverwhenthestormstarted.
暴风雨来临时,我们急忙寻找躺避的地方。
1)divern.潜水员
例如:Adiverwentdowntotheseabedtoexaminethesunkenship.
一个潜水员潜到海底,去检查那艘沉没的轮船。
2)divingn.跳水或潜水运动
例如:Myfavoritesportisdiving.
我最喜好的运动是跳水。
2.bathe
【用法】v.(仔细)用水洗;游泳
例1:Thenursebathed/washedthewound.
护士冲洗伤口。
例2:Onhotdaysweoftenbathe\gobathingintheriver.
天热时我们常在河里\去河里游泳。
1)bathe=take/haveabath游泳,洗澡
例如:Theboysbathedanddressedandwentdownstairsforlunch.
男孩们洗完澡,穿好衣,便下楼吃中饭去了。
2)bathn.游泳,洗澡
例如:MostAmericanpeopleliketotakeabathatweekend.
大多数美国人喜欢在周末好好的洗个澡。
takeashower洗淋浴
例如:Theytakeashoweraftergettingupeverymorning.
他们每天早晨起床后要洗临浴。
3.drown
【用法】v.淹死,溺死;淹没
例1:Itissaidthatthemanwhoslippedintothewaterwasdrowned.
据说那个人滑进水里就淹死了。
例2:Hedrownedhimselfinwork.他埋头工作。
4.time
例如:WhotimedmeItcan’tbeso.
谁为我记的时?成绩不可能是这样。
例如:Timeisprecious.
1)atatime一次,每
例如:Youcan’teattwoatatime.
你一次不能吃两个。
2)atanytime在任何时候
例如:Youcancallonmeatanytime.
你随时都可以来看我。
3)atalltimes总是,随时
例如:Weshouldatalltimesbeawareofourownshortcomings.
我们应随时认识到自己的不足。
4)atnotime决不
例如:Wewillatnotimegiveitup.
我们决不会放弃。
例如:AtonetimeIlivedinJapan.
我曾在日本住过。
6)attimes有时
例如:Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.
有时我确实觉得有点儿紧张。
7)allthetime一直
例如:Itrainedallthetime.
天一直在下雨。
8)forthetimebeing暂时
例如:That’senoughforthetimebeing.
暂时是足够了。
9)innotime很快,马上
例如:I’llbebackinnotime.
我马上就回来。
5.float
【用法】v.飘,飘浮;缓慢地移动
例1:Tryandfloatonyourback.
试试仰游。
例2:Theraftwasfloatinggentlydowntheriver.
伐子沿着河水缓慢地流着。
6.occur
【用法】vi.发生,出现
例1:Theaccidentoccurred/happenedearlythismorning.
事故发生在今天早上凌晨。
例2:Anideaoccurredtome.
我突然想到一个办法。
【相当链接】当事件等作主语时,occur与happen完全同义,可以交换使用,都表“发生”之意。在表示“在脑海中出现某种想法”时,应使用occur而不用happen。在表示“碰巧做某事,偶然做某事”时,应使用happen而不用occur。
例如:AtthatmomentIhappenedtohavenomoneyaboutme.
那时,碰巧我没带钱。
(二)重要词组
1.byweight
byweight按重量(计算)
例如:Thegoodsarechargedbyweight.
货物按重量计费。
1)sellbythepound按磅出售
例如:Theloadsaresoldbythepound.
货物按磅出售。
2)paysb.bytheday(week,month,hour)按天(周,月,时)
例如:Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
工人们的工资是按天来算的。
3)sellclothbytheyard按码卖布
例如:Clothissoldbytheyard.
按码卖布。
4)selleggsbythedozen按打卖蛋
例如:Theyselleggsbythedozeninthemarket.
集市上他们按打卖蛋。
5)chargesb.byvolume(weight)按体积(重量)收费
例如:Theychargedmebyvolumeformygoods.
他们按体积收取我的货物费用。
6)getone’spaybypiece计件
例如:Wegetourpaybypiece.
我们的报酬是计件的。
2.comeup
comeup升起;发芽;提出;出结果(是)
例1:Thesuncomesupintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.
太阳从东方升起,从西方落。
例2:Theseedshaven’tcomeupyet.(发芽)
种子还没发芽。
例3:Thesubjectcameupinconversation.
这个话题在谈话中被提出来了。
例4:MynumbercameupandIwon£100.(中奖)
我的号码中奖了,奖金一百英磅。
1)comeabout=happen发生
例如:Icanseehowthisthingcameabout.
我能看出这是怎样发生的。
2)comeacrosssb.(sth.)偶然遇到
例如:PerhapsIshallcomeacrosshiminJapan.
或许我会在日本碰上他。
3)comeon来吧,进展,降临
例如:Hisbusinesscameonsplendidly.
他的生意进展很顺利。
4)comeoff逃脱,(柄等)脱开,(头发等)掉下
例如:Thehandlehascomeoff.
手柄已经掉了。
5)comeout出现,出版,真相大白
例如:Thestarscameoutassoonasitwasdark.
天一黑星星就出来了。
6)comeupto达到,不负(期望等),合乎(标准)
例如:YourworkdoesnotcomeuptowhatIexpectofyou.
你的工作没有达到我的期望。
3.crossout
crossout划掉
例如:ShallIcrossoutthenamesofthosewhohaven’tcomeyet
我可以把没来的人名字划掉吗?
4.leaveout
leaveout省略;漏掉;不考虑;留在露天
例1:Wemustfirstdecidewhattoleaveout.
首先我们必须决定先忽略什么。
例2:Ifyouleaveyourbikeoutatnight,itwillgetoldsoon.
晚上,如果将自行车放在外面,很快会变旧。
5.makeup
makeup组成;构成;补偿;补足;赔偿;编造;化装;排版;把……制成;铺床;弥补
例1:Workersandpeasantsmakeupthemajorityofthepopulationofourcountry.
我们国家的人口主要由工人和农民组成。
例2:NowmoreandmorestudentsaremakinguptheirlessonsonSaturdaysandSundays.
现在越来越多的学生在星期六和星期天补习功课。
例3:Thefunnystoryisjustmadeup.
这个有趣的故事是编造的。
例4:ItissaidthattheEnglishpaperisquitedifficult.Alargenumberofstudentshavetomakeupanexam.
据说英语考试很难。许多学生不得不补考。
例5:Theymadeupabedonthesofafortheunexpectedvisitor.
他们为那个不速之客在沙发开了个铺。
例6:Hardworkcanmakeupforalackofintelligence.
勤奋能弥补先天不足/勤能补拙。
6.onaverage\onan(the)average
onaverage\onan(the)average根据平均标准平均起来,一般说来
例1:Onaverage,oneworkerinthisfactorygets700yuaneverymonth.
平均起来,这个厂的工人每月能拿七百元。
例2:Onan(the)average,wereceivedsixe-mailseveryday.
我们平均每天收到六封电子邮件。
7.takein
takein接纳;接收;吸收;领进;理解
例1:OurPartybranchtookintwonewmembersonJulythefirstthisyear.
今年七一我们党支部吸收了两名新党员。
例2:Blackclothestakeinmoresunlight.
黑衣服能吸收较多的阳光。
例3:Pleasetaketheladyin.
请把那位女士带进来。
例4:Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.
学生们发现你教的东西容易理解。
8.decide\makeupone’smind
decide\makeupone’smind决定,下决心
例1:Hehasdecided\madeuphismindthattheboyshouldleavehere.
他决定那男孩必须离开这儿。
例2:Shedecided/madeuphermindtogoandsettleinthecountryside.
她决定去乡下定居。
例3:Theyhavearighttodecideforthemselves.
他们有权为自己作决定。
9.beoccupiedwith(in)…
beoccupiedwith(in)…忙于(做)……
例如:She’sfullyoccupiedinlookingafterthreesmallchildren.
她忙于照看三个小孩。
(三)难点句型
1.IwishIhadleftthereatthattime.
那时,要是我留下就好了。
【解析1】Iwish(that)+主语+谓语+…表示“要是(但愿)……就好了。”指不可能实现的愿望,wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
例1:IwishIwereateacher.
但愿我是老师就好了。
例2:IwishwecouldvisittheGreatWalltoday.
今天我要是能去参观长城就好了。
【解析2】表示与将来或现在事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句含有情态动词,从句谓语用情态动词的过去式+动词原形
例如:IwishIwouldgotothemoontomorrow.
明天我要是能登上月球就好了。
2.Thisisbecausetwothirdsoftheearth’ssurfaceismadeupofvastoceans.
这是因为地球的三分之二是由广阔的海洋构成的。
【解析1】本句中的短语makeup作“组成,构成”解,常可用于被动结构bemadeupof,意为“由……构成,由……组成”。
例1:Twentyboysandtwentygirlsmadeupourclass.
我们班由20位男同学和20位女同学组成。
例2:Theexaminationpaperismadeupoftwoparts.
该试卷由两部分组成。
【解析2】makeup还可以作“和好,和解,打扮,化妆”解。
例1:Theyquarrelledbutsoonmadeup.
他们吵了架,但很快就言归于好。
例2:Shetookover30minutestomakeherselfup.
她花了30分钟化妆。
例3:Isshetellingthetruth,ormakingitallup
她说的是真话还是纯属虚构?
make构成的其他短语
1)makefor向……方向前进,有助于,促进
例如:Theaudiencemadefortheexitswhenthealarmsounded.
警铃响的时候,观众朝出口奔去。
2)make…from…用……制成(通常指制造后改变了材料的原来性质和形状)
例如:Butterismadeformmilk.
奶油是用牛奶制成的。
3)make…of…用……做成(通常指制造的不改变材料)
例如:achairmadeofwood
一张木制的椅子
4)make…into…把…..改成,把……做成
例如:Mothermadehercoatintomyskirt.
母亲把她的外套改成裙子给我穿。
5)make…outof用……做成,把……改制成
例如:Theboymadeanairplaneoutofsomewastemetals.
那个男孩用废金属做了个飞机。
3.…,thecaptainnoticedaspermwhaledivingtoadepthofnearly2,250metres.这位船长发现一条巨头鲸潜入到将近2250米的深处。
【解析1】本句中的diving是v-ing形式作宾语补足语,常用于以下这种结构中see,watch,notice,hear,feel,smell,find…+宾语+v-ing。
例如:Isawthetraincomingintothestation.
我看着火车进站。
【解析2】v-ing形式作宾语补足语,也用于set,haveget,keep,leave……表示“致使”的动词后面。
例1:Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.
这话即逗得大家都笑了。
例2:Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.
他设法把发动机开动起来。
例3:Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.
他的话使我摸不清到底是什么意思。
(四)语法精讲
省略句
省去句中一个或一个以上成分的句子叫做省略句。英语中的省略现象多数出现在日常会话中。由于有一定的上下文或语言环境,省略并不会造成理解上的困难。省略与替代现象在高考英语试题中屡屡出现,应引起我们的重视。
1.不定式的省略结构
在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to则可)。常见的可用于类似结构的词有:
1)形容词:afraid,glad,happy,bewillingto,beableto等。
例如:--WouldyougotovisittheGreatWallwithus
你和我们一起去参观万里长城好吗?
--Yes,I’mgladto.
好的,我和你们一起去。
2)动词:like,love,expect,manage,try,hope,pretend,wish,refuse,agree,want,afford,fall,forget,remember,usedto,haveto等。
例如:--Didyouinvitehimtodinneryesterday
你昨天邀请他赴宴了吗?
--Yes,Itriedto,butherefusedtocome.
我邀请了他,不过他不愿意来。
3)带宾语补足语的动词:tell,ask,order,allow,wish,permit,expect,force,warn,forbid,persuade等。
例如:Don’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.
除非你们的老师同意,否则不要去碰任何东西。
注意:如果承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词用的have时,to后要保留be或have。
例如:--Areyouacollegestudent
你是大学生吗?
--No,butIwanttobe.
不是,不过我希望将来我会是。
2.否定句的省略回答
在回答否定祈使句、否定疑问句、否定主句的反意疑问句时,否定回答要用“no+否定短句”;肯定回答要用“yes+肯定短句”,二者不可混用。这种省略回答中的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例如:
1)否定疑问句
例如:--Isn’tyouruncleanengineer
难道你叔叔不是一位工程师吗?
--No,heisn’t.
是的,他不是。
2)否定祈使句
例如:--Don’tturnontheradio,please.
请不要开收音机。
--Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
不,我要开。/好的,我不开。
3)否定主句的反意疑问句
例如:--Youarenotanewmember,areyou
你不是新会员,是吗?
--No,I’mnot.Ijoinedonlyyesterday.
是的,我不是。我昨天才入会。
3.状语从句的省略
状语从句省略主语时,连词后用现在分词表示动作与所省略的主语有主动关系;连词后用过去分词表示动作与所省略的主语有被动关系。连词后是系表结构时,主语和系动词均可省去。
例如:Waterwillboilwhenheated.(省略了itis)
水加热到一定的程度就会沸腾。
2)让步状语
例如:Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonworking.(省略了hewas)
尽管他被告之停下来,但是他却仍在继续干。
3)条件状语
例1:Heoftenkeptsilentunlessspokento.(省略了hewas)
除非有人找他说话,否则他是不吭声的。
例2:Fillintheblankswitharticlesif(when/where)necessary.(省略了itis)
在必要的地方填上冠词。
4)比较状语
例1:Youcamelaterthanrequired.(省略了youwere)
例2:Inwinter,it’smuchcolderinBeijingthaninGuangzhou.(省略了itis)
冬季,北京的天气比广州要冷得多。
5)方式状语
例如:Shehurriedawayasifangry.(省略了shewas)
她急急忙忙的就走了,好象是生气了。
4.虚拟条件句中if的省略
在虚拟条件句中,当从句中的if省略时,从句要用倒装语序。这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下:
1)与现在事实相反
例如:IfIwereyou(=WereIyou),Iwouldgowithhim.
我若是你的话,就会和他一起去。
2)与过去事实相反
例如:IfIhadhadtimethen(=HadIhadtimethen),Iwouldhavegonewithyou.
3)与将来事实相反
例如:IfIweretovisit/shouldvisit/visitedtheGreatWalltomorrow(=WereIto/ShouldIvisittheGreatWalltomorrow),Iwouldtakemysonwithme.
万一我明天有可能去参观长城,我就会带上我的儿子。
注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前。例如:
(误)Weren’tIherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.
(正)WereInotherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.
如果我此时不在此地,那我就已经在公交车上了。
5.比较级的省略
例如:Thepianosintheothershopwillbe______,but______.
A.cheaper,notasbetterB.morecheap,notasbetter
C.cheaper,notasgoodD.morecheap,notasgood
该题应选C。全句补充完整为:Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper(thanthoseinthisshop),butnotasgoodasthoseinthisshop.A,B,D项均有语法错误,故全排除。
这种含省略结构的比较句型,特别要注意连词后有主语或宾语时,连词要保留,否则不保留。试比较:
Hesingsaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,hisbrother.
=Hesingsaswellashisbother,ifnotbetter.
他唱歌如果不比他弟弟好,至少也跟他弟弟唱得一样好。
(五)交际用语
表示主观愿望或希望(Expressionsforwishorhope)
1.Iwishwedid/could…
我要是能...…就好了。
2.IwishI/we/you/itwere…
要是我/你……
3.(It’sa)pitywe…
遗憾我们没……
4.Soundslikeagoodidea.
似乎是一个好主意。
5.Beautifulday,isn’tit
好天气,不是吗?
二、活学活用
请根据所学知识和所给提示补全下面几段对话。
(A)
背景提示:以下是鲍波要求他朋友明天来聚一聚的场景。可碰巧他朋友的爷爷八十岁生日,朋友建议他安排在本周末。鲍波同意了,并说要好好聊一聊。请根据所学内容,补全对话。
W:Hi,Bob.Canyou(1)sometimetomorroweveningNothingspecial.It’sjustthatit’sbeensuchalongtimesincewe’vehadchanceto(2).
M:I’dlovetobuttomorrow(3)bemygrandfather’sbirthday.He’seighty.
W:IsheThat’saveryspecialoccasion.Thenhowabout(4)
M:OK.I’mnotdoinganythingSaturdayevening.I’llcomeandwe’ll(5).
(B)
背景提示:林女士的朋友为她送行。林得先去新疆,17号回来坐飞机去美国。她还说玩得愉快,希望以后继续保持联系。她朋友要她几年后再来看他们。请根据所学内容,补全对话。
M:MissLin,areyouleavingsoon
W:Yes,I’mgoingtoXinjiangfor(6)first,thenI’ll(7)tocatchmyplane.I(8)theStatesonthe17th.
M:ThenI’llhavetosaygood-byenowbecauseI’mgoinghomewhenschoolends.
W:I’vereally(9)here.You’reallsuchgoodstudents.Sendmeacardandletmeknowwhereyouareandwhatyou’redoingaftergraduation.
M:Ofcourse.We’llmissyou.Comebackandseeus(10).
(C)
T:Wherewereyou(11),BobItriedtocallyou.
B:Oh,that’sright,Tim.Iwentoutshopping.Isupposeyouphonedmeinthemorning,didn’tyou
T:Yes,itwaslatemorningwhenIphoned.
BWhydidyou(12)me
T:Iphonedtoaskifyou’dliketo(13)onSunday.
BOh,(14)!I’dlovetohavecome,butactually,Sundaywouldhavebeendifficulttoo,becauseIwentonarivertrippracticallythewholeday.Idon’tknowwhetheryouknowthetrip.
T:Oh,yes.
BWell,howdidthedinner-partygo
T:Well,wehadawonderfultime.IthoughtyoumightenjoyitbecauseTomandhiswifewerecoming.You’vemetthembefore.
B:Tom,yesIratherlikehim.
T:Andwehadalovelydinner,oneofyourfavorites,greencabbage,soupandfreshsalad.
B:Verynicetoo.
T:Andtheyaskedaboutyou.
B:Andhowarethey(15)
T:Oh,verywell.Theywereenjoyingthepartyverymuch.
B:Ah,good.
三、写作快速通关
Canyouimaginetravellingtoworkinaone-mansubmarineSomescientistsbelievethatsomedayone-mansubmarineswillbeasnumerousautomobilesastoday.AfamousFrenchdriversays,“Onedaysoon,menwillwalkontheoceanfloorastheydoonthestreet!”Perhapsduringyourlifetimepeoplewilltravel,work,andliveinthesea.
Ifhumanbeingswanttoliveintheocean,manyhumanproblemswillneedtobestudiedfirst.Someoftheseproblems,similartothoseoflivinginouterspace,arepressure,lackofoxygenandweightlessness.Manyquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,canourbloodadjustitselftounderwatersurroundingsWhatwillhappentoourmuscleifweliveinthewaterverylongScientistsaresearchingforanswers.
Perhapsinthefuturemanwillliveinthesea,awayfromthecrowdedandnoisycitiesonland.Theseahasplentyofspace,notonlyforfloatingcommunitiesandparks,butalsoforstoringsuppliesandforunderwatertravel.
Somescientistsbelievethatoceanlivingwillbenefitmaninmorethanphysicalways.Inthefreedomandbeautyofthedeepsea,manmayfindnewsourcesofjoy.
NOTES:1.submarinen.潜水艇2.numerousadj.许多3.automobilen.汽车,自动车4.similaradj.相似的5.lackn.缺乏6.adjustv.调整7.communityn.团体
2、日积月累
1)高考常用词语
(1)as…as…和……一样
(2)duringone’slifetime在某人的一生
(3)…manyhumanproblemswillneedtobestudiedfirst.…首先需要解决人类的问题。
(4)lackof缺乏……
(5)adjustoneselfto使某人适应……
(6)happentodo\sb.碰巧做\某人发生了……
(7)searchfor搜查,寻找
(8)awayfrom离开,远离
(9)benefitn.利益,好处v.使……受益
(10)freedomn.自由
2)写作素材积累
常使用的转折词:
·副词性评述
副词性评述是利用一些起关联作用的副词来提示说话人或作者的语气、意图、态度等,以利于接收者更好地理解对方的信息,这类关联词很多,常见的有naturally,obviously,certainly,surely,really等。
例如:①Thepatientwasasleep,sonaturallyIdidn’twakehim.
②Obviouslyyouwillhavetogiveupyourjob.
·增补或扩充
指利用关联词增补新信息、新论据以更好地说服读者或听者,这类词有moreover,whatismore,furthermore,besides,inaddition,aboveall,again,further,also,Imean,inparticular等。
例如:Mothercertainlycouldn’thavetoldyouwhetherIrelandwaseastorwestofEngland,andIdoubtwhetheranytimeuptotheoutbreakoftheGreatWarshecouldhavetoldyouwhowasPrimeMinister.Moreover,shehadn’tthesmallestwishtoknowsuchthings.
3、高考演习
根据提示,写一篇中国的概况,词数:100左右
1.地理位置:亚洲东部,濒临太平洋,邻国有俄罗斯、印度、越南(Vietnam)等国家;
2.面积:960万平方公里;
3.河流:有许多大河流,其中长江、黄河是最重要的河流;长江是第一长河,黄河是第二长河;
4.行政区:有28个省、自治区(autonomousregions),四个直辖市(citiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernment)等;
5.人口:十二亿多;
6.民族(nationality):有56个民族,其中汉族占94%。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四、海外风情
(A)PentagonReadiesMicrowaveBombforBaghdad
ThePentagonhasaccelerateddevelopmentofanewgenerationofadvancedprecisionweaponrythatcouldbereadyforuseinahigh-techbattleforBaghdad,accordingtoUSmilitarysources.Weaponsreadyforbattlefielddeploymentincludeamicrowavebombthatemitspowerfulpulsesofenergytodestroyenemyelectronics,disablecommunicationsandevenblockvehicleignitions,withouthurtingbystanders.Defenceresearchershavealsosuccessfullytestedaradicalthermobaricwarhead--previouslydescribedasa"vacuumbomb"--tobeaimedatsuspectedchemicalandbiologicalstockpiles.Thewarheadsaredesignedtoproduceaheatsointensethatanycontaminantsreleasedintotheatmosphereareneutralisedinstantly.Militaryscientistshavelongbeenintriguedbythepotentialharnessingofmicrowavetechnologytoparalyseenemycapabilities.TheUSairforceusedarelatedtechniquetodisableYugoslavianpowergridsduringtheKosovocampaign.ThecombinationofoverwhelmingfirepowerandtechnologicalexpertisehelpsexplainwhysomanypentagonofficialsareconvincedthatthebattleforBaghdadwillproveawalkover.
(一)美攻伊将使用微波炸弹
(B)KilimanjaroSnowCapMayMeltSoon
ThesnowcapofMountKilimanjaro,famedinliteratureandbelovedbytourists,firstformedsome11,000yearsago,butwillbegoneintwodecades,accordingtoresearcherswhosaytheicefieldsonAfrica’shighestmountainshrankby80percentinthepastcentury.
LonnieG.ThompsonofOhioStateUniversitysaidmeasurementsusingicecoveringsandmodernnavigationsatellitesshowthattheoldesticelayersonthefamedmountainweredepositedduringanextremelywetperiodstartingabout11,700yearsago.
Themountainisenshrinedinliterature,mostnotablyErnestHemingway’s"TheSnowsofKilimanjaro"andsomeancientbeliefsinAfricaholdthemountaintobeasacredplace.
Butatemperatureriseinrecentyearsiserodingthe150-foot-highblocksoficethatgaveKilimanjaroitsdistinctivewhitecap.
"Theicewillbegonebyabout2020,"saidThompson.ThediminishingicealreadyhasreducedtheamountofwaterinsomeTanzanianriversandthegovernmentfearsthatwhenKilimanjaroisbaldofsnowthetouristswillstopcoming.
"KilimanjaroisthenumberoneforeigncurrencyearnerforthegovernmentofTanzania,"saidThompson."Ithasitsowninternationalairportandsome20,000touristseveryyear.Thequestionishowmanywillcomeiftherearenoicefieldsonthemountain."
Africawasnotaloneintheglobaldrought.ThompsonsaidotherrecordsshowthatcivilizationsduringthisperiodcollapsedinIndia,theMiddleEastandSouthAmerica.
Researchersputmarkersattheicefieldblocksin1962andThompsonsaidmeasurementsusingsatellitesshowthesummitoftheicehasbeenloweredbyabout56feetin40years.Themarginoftheicealsohasretreatedmorethansixfeetinthepasttwoyears.
"That’smorethantwometer’sworthoficelostfromawall164feet(50meters)high,"saidThompson."That’sanenormousamountofice."
(二)海明威笔下美景不再乞力马扎罗的雪即将消失
乞力马扎罗山上的雪形成于大约11000多年前,不论在文坛上,还是在旅游观光业中,它都始终保持着一种独特的魅力。然而,科学家却告诉我们,在过去的一个世纪中,这座非洲最高山峰的“雪帽”已经“缩水”了80%,再过二十年,乞力马扎罗山上的雪景就要消失了。
俄亥俄州立大学的朗尼·汤普逊说,通过冰层取样和现代卫星定位系统的测量,研究人员发现这座名山上最古老的冰层是在约11700年前一段特别潮湿的时期形成的。
在文学史上,大名鼎鼎的海明威曾著有《乞力马扎罗的雪》一书,从而让人们对这片土地心存一份特殊的情结,再加上一些古老的非洲传说,更是令这座山显得神秘而令人向往。
但是近几年来,由于气温的不断上升,乞力马扎罗山顶上厚达150英尺的积雪正在一点一点溶化。
汤普逊预言说:“所有的冰层将在2020年融化掉。”由于积雪大大减少,长久以来依靠这座山积雪溶化供给的坦桑尼亚境内,一些河流的水量已经开始减少。当地政府担心,当“雪帽”被摘掉,当地的旅游业就会遭遇灭顶之灾。
在全世界,并不只有非洲遭受了这样的一种干旱枯竭。汤普逊说统计表明,同期的文明在印度、中东和南美洲地区都出现了衰退现象。
他说:“这绝不是一面50米(164英尺)高的冰墙降低2米那么简单,这个数字意味着大量的冰雪已经消失了。”
五、单元测试
(一)单项填空
1.—Beautifulday,______
—Yes,Iwishtogooutforawalk.-------______Ihavesomuchhomeworktodo.
A.isit;PityB.isn’tit;Pity
C.Doesn’tit;WhatapityD.isn’tit;It’sapity
2.Anaverageof3,000lettersamonth______receivedbythenewspaper’soffice.
A.isB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.are
3.Youcantaketwoapples______afterthemeal,thatisgoodforyourhealth.
A.atonetimeB.atnotime
C.atatimeD.allthetime
4.—Wouldyoupleasegiveusatalkonthelifeintheocean
—________,butI’mleavingforShanghaitomorrow.
A.Itdoesn’tmatter.B.Notatall
C.OfcoursenotD.IwishIcould
5.Thistypeoffishisn’tfed_____whatitfeeds______.
A.on;withB.with;on
C.\;onD.on;\
6.Look!There’sapieceofcloth_____ontheriver.
A.floatedB.floatC.floatingD.tofloat
7.Whenshedived_____therockintotheseasomethingunexpected______her.
A.of;occurredtoB.off;occurredto
C.into;occurredtoD.down;occurredto
8.Iwill_____alltheclocksintheofficeaccordingtotheradio.
A.tellB.orderC.timeD.decide
9.Themankeptsilentintheroomunless______.
A.spokenB.spoketoC.tospeakD.spokento
10.Theaudience______toseewhowouldwinthegoldmedal.
A.tookadeepbreathB.heldtheirbreath
C.losttheirbreathD.wasoutofbreath
11.Yourplan______practical.I’llreportittothegeneralmanager.
A.appearsB.seemsC.soundsD.feels
12.______fromthetower,thehighestpointinourtown,myschoollookslikeagarden.
A.SeeingB.ToseeC.TobeseenD.Seen
13.Don’tworry,thecabbageseedswill______soon.
A.comeoffB.comeupC.raiseD.cometo
14.—Howdidthebosspayyou
—Asaresult,wewerepaid______.
A.byhoursB.byanhour
C.byhourD.bythehour
15.Intheendthey______theironlysontoatechniqueschool.
A.triedtosendB.didtrysending
C.didmanagetosendD.managedsending
(二)完形填空
ItisoftendifficultforamantobequitesurewhattaxheoughttopaytotheGovernmentbecauseitdependsonsomanydifferentthings:1themanismarried;howmanychildrenhehas;whetherhe2anyrelations;howmuchheearns;howmuchinteresthe3;howmuchhehasspentonhishouse4;andsoon.Allthismakesitdifficulttodecide5howmuchthetaxis.Butacertainartistwasalwaysverycarefultopaytheproper6.
Oneyear,afterpostinghischeque7,hebegantowonderifhehadpaid8,andafteralotof9withapencilandpaper,decidedthathehadnot.
Hewasjust10anotherchequetosendtothetax-collectorwhenthepostmandroppeda11intotheboxatthefrontdoor.Openingit,theartistfoundinsideitachequeforfivepoundsfromthetax-collector.Theofficialexplainedthat12hadbeenpaid,andthatthereforethe13wasnowreturnedtothetaxpayer.
Theartistwasnotonlysurprised;hewas14.Heworkedoverhisfiguresoncemore,butintheendhestillbelievedthathe15theGovernmentsomething.Hetherefore16theofficialandsaid,“Ithankyouforyourchequeforfivepounds,butIthink17,ifyoustudythefiguresagain,you’llfindthata18hasbeenmade.”
Severaldayslaterhereceivedanotherchequefromthe19,butthischequewasforforty-fivepounds.Theofficialsaidthathewassorryaboutthemistake,andhopedthematterwasnow20.
1.A.ifB.when`C.howD.whether
2.A.supportsB.hasC.helpsD.likes
3.AmakesB.receivesC.sharesD.has
4.A.duringtheyearB.inthepastC.inthefutureD.inthecomingyear
5.A.exactlyB.certainlyC.roughlyD.surely
6.A.numberB.costC.priceD.amount
7.A.quitelateB.soearlyC.asusualD.inahurry
8.A.muchB.enoughC.wellD.little
9.A.thinkingB.deedsC.workD.job
10.A.checkingB.doingC.postingD.writing
11.A.poundB.letterC.paperD.cheque
12.A.toomuchB.toolittleC.farlessD.muchfewer
13.A.differenceB.moneyC.moreD.left
14.A.excitedB.worriedC.sadD.angry
15.A.paidB.owedC.returnedD.lent
16.A.calledB.wrotetoC.askedD.visited
17.A.thereforeB.whetherC.howeverD.that
18.A.mistakeB.puzzleC.jokeD.worry
19.A.postmanB.tax-collectorC.mailboxD.government
20.A.seizedB.solvedC.startedD.settled
(三)阅读理解
Theflooroftheoceancontainmanyrichesthatcanbeusedbyman.Oilandchemicalsandmineralsarealreadytakenfromthesea.Byusingnuclearenergy,oceanwatercanbeturnedintofreshwaterbyremovingthesalt.Inthenearfuture,itispossibleforhumanbeingstoproducefoodfromfarmsunderthesea.Foodgrownintheseacouldhelpmeettheneedsofthefast-increasingpopulationallovertheworld,thousandsofwhichgohungryeveryday.About10—15%oftheworldpopulationdon’thaveenoughfood.Somescientistsbelievethatsomedaytheseawillbeusedtomakeelectricpower.Thiswouldhelpmeettheneedformorepowerfortheworld’sindustries.Thedecreasingsupplyofcoal,oilandgasolineshowstheneedtofindnewkindsofpowerisurgent.
1.Manhasalreadymadeuseof______.
A.formsunderthesea
B.nuclearenergytoturnoceanwaterfresh
C.saltwaterresourceasfreshwater
D.minerals,chemicalsandoiltakenfromthesea
2.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat______.
B.therearepresentlymanyfarmsundertheseaandproducingfood
C.thesupplyofoil,gasolineandcoalareincreasingveryrapidlythroughouttheworld
D.it’sunnecessaryformantomakefulluseoftherichesofsea
3.Theneedtofindnewkindsofpowerisurgent.“urgent”means______.
A.needingfastdecisionandaction
B.notneedingfastdecisionandaction
C.fastenough
D.notsoimportant
4.WhyistheneedtofindnewkindsofpowersourgentBecause_______.
A.thesupplyofcoal,oilandgasolineisgettinglesswhiletheneedformorepowerfortheworld’sindustriesisincreasing
B.nuclearenergyhasnotbeenmadefulluseoftomeettheneedformorepower
C.theworld’spopulationisgrowinglargereveryday
Letusbeginbysayingwhatdoesnotcauseourdreams.Ourdreamsdonotcomeform“anotherworld”.Theyarenotmessagesfromsomeoutsidesource.Theyarenotalookintothefuture,either.
Allourdreamshavesomethingtodowithouremotions(感情),fears,longings(憧憬),wishes,needsandmemories.Butsomethingonthe“outside”mayaffectwhatwedream.Ifapersonishungry,ortired,orcold,hisdreamsmayincludeafeelingofthiskind.Ifthecoversonyourbody,suchasquiltorablanket,haveslippedoffyourbed,youmaydreamthatyouaresleepingorrestingontheiceandsnow.Thematerialforthedreamyouwillhavetonightislikelytocomeformtheexperiencesyouhavetoday.
Sothesubjectofyourdreamusuallycomesfromsomethingthathaseffectonyouwhileyouaresleeping(feelingofcold,anoise,adiscomfort,etc.)anditmayalsouseyourpastexperiencesandthewishesandinterestsyouhavenow.Thisiswhyveryyoungchildrenarelikelytodreamoffairies,olderchildrenofschoolexaminations,hungrypeopleoffood,homesicksoldiersoftheirfamilies,andprisonersoffreedom.
Toshowyouhowthatishappeningwhileyouareasleepandhowyourwishesorneedscanallbejoinedtogetherinadream,hereisthestoryofanexperiment.Amanwasasleepandthebackofhishandwasrubbedwithapieceofabsorbentcotton(脱脂棉).Hewoulddreamthathewasinahospitalandhischarminggirlfriendwasvisitinghim,sittingonthebedandfeelinggentlyhishand!
Therearesomescientistswhohavemadeaspecialstudyofwhywedream,whatwedreamandwhatthosedreamsmean.Theirexplanationofdreams,thoughabitreasonable,isnotacceptedbyeveryone,butitoffersaninterestingapproachtotheproblem.Theybelievethatdreamsaremostlyexpressionsofwishesthatdidnotcometrue.Inotherwords,adreamisawayofhavingyourwishescarriedout.
5.Ourdreams__________.
A.aresimplymessagesfromanotherworld
B.areacurious(好奇的)lookintothefuture
C.havelittleconnectionwithouremotions
D.aretosomedegreecausedbysomeofourfeelings
6.Ifthecovershaveslippedoffyourbed,youmaydreamthat__________.
A.somethingcomfortablehappenstoyou
B.youarestayinginfreezingsurroundings
C.somepeoplearemakingnoise
D.youhavenothingonatall
7.Whenthebackofaman’shandwasrubbedwithapieceofabsorbentcottonintheexperiment,hewoulddreamthat__________.
A.hishandwasbeingstuckbysomeone
B.hishandwasgentlytouchedbyhissweetheart
C.hishandwasbadlyhurtbysomething
D.somebodywaswipingsweatoffhisbody
8.Whenapersonfeelshungry,heislikelytodreamof__________.
A.wonderfulfairiesB.lovelyyounggirls
C.finefoodanddrinksD.hisfamilymember
Theseaisthebiggestunknownpartofourworld.Itcoversseventy-onepercentoftheearth.Thereisstillmuchtobediscoveredaboutthisvastblanketofwater.
Ifthewatersoftheoceancouldbemovedaway,theseafloorwithitswidevalleys,irregular(无规则的)mountainsandriversintheseawouldbeanunbelievablesight.Aroundtheedgesofthecontinentstheoceanfloorisflatandthewaterdoesnotbecomemuchdeeperforaboutthirtymiles.Wheretherearehighyoungmountainsalongthecoast,thisflatpartmaybemuchlessthanthirtymiles.Butwhereriversflowintothesea,theflatareamayextend(延伸)forhundredsofmiles.
Theregionnearthecontinents,wherethewaterisnotsodeep,istheplacewheretheocean’sgreatestrichesinmarine(海生的)lifearefound.Belowtheselivingcreaturesandplantsarethelargestknownquantitiesofminerals.
Attheendoftheflatpart,theseafloorsuddenlydropsdown,formingdeephollowswhichareshapedlikebowls.Thesehugehollowsholdmostoftheworld’swater.
Imagine,ifyoucan,amountainchainstretching(延伸)40,000milesaroundtheearth.Itishardtobelievethatthisgreatunderwaterchainofmountainsencircling(环绕)theearthwasdiscoveredonlyafewyearsago.
9.Landareascover________oftheearth.
A.seventy-onepercent
B.onethird
C.thirty-ninepercent
D.twenty-ninepercent
10.Aroundtheedgesofthecontinentsthewaterisrelatively________.
A.coolB.deep
C.shallowD.dirty
11.Theflatareawhereriversflowintotheseamaybe_________wheretherearehighyoungmountains.
A.deeperthanthose
B.largerthanthat
C.muchlessthanthearea
D.higherthantheedgeofthecontinents
12._______isthegoodplaceforlivingcreaturesandplants.
A.Thedeepwaterareaofthesea
B.Theedgeofthecontinents
C.Theshallowwaterareanotfarfromthecontinents
D.Theareaaroundthecontinents
(D)
1970wasWorldConservation(生态保护)Year.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknowtheworldisindanger.Theyhopedwhatgovernmentswouldactquicklyinordertoconservenature.Hereisoneexampleoftheproblem.Atonetimetherewere1,300differentplants,treesandflowersinHollandbutnowonly866remain.Theothershavebeendestroyedbymodernmanandhistechnology.Wearechangingtheearth,theairandwater,andeverythingthatgrowsandlives.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesethings.Ifwecontinuelikethis,weshalldestroyourselves.
WhatwillhappeninthefuturePerhapsitismoreimportanttoask“Whatmustwedonow”Thepeoplewhowillbelivingintheworldoftomorrowaretheyoungoftoday.Alotofthemknowthatconservationisnecessary.Manyarehelpingtosaveourworld.Theyplanttrees,buildbridgesacrossrivers,andsoon.InasmalltownintheUSalargegroupofgirlscleanedthebanksof11kilometresoftheirriver.Youngpeoplemayhearaboutconservationthrougharecordcalled“Noone’sgoingtochangeourworld.”ItwasmadebytheBeatiesRichardandothersingers.Themoneyfromitwillhelptoconservewildanimals.
13.Therearelessplants,treesandflowersinHollandnowbecause__________.
A.therehasbeenalotofconservationinHolland
B.Hollanddoesnotneedsomanyplants,treesandflowers
C.manyplants,treesandflowershavebeendestroyed
D.someplants,treesandflowersaredangerous
14.“Noone’sgoingtochangeourworld”was__________.
A.animportantbookpublishedin1970
B.anideathatnobodywouldaccept
C.arecordcallingallpeopletoconservenature
D.aruleworkedoutbytheUnitedNations
15.Whatisthemostimportantthingforustodotosaveourworld
A.Weshouldplantmoretreesandflowers.
B.Weshouldcleanthebanksofourrivers.
C.Weshouldknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.
D.Weshouldknowwhatwemustdoandbegintodoitnow.
16.What’sthemainideaofthepassage
A.1970wasWorldConservationYear.
B.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknowthattheworldisindanger.
C.Conservationisnecessary.
D.Itistheyoungpeoplewhoarehelpingtosaveourworld.
(E)
IdecidedtogotoSouthCarolinatomeetmyformerschoolmatesthere.“Icouldgobybus,butisthereanyotherway”Iwondered.Suddenlyanideaoccurredtome.
Ontheschool’sbulletinboard(布告牌),Iputupanotice:“NeedaridetoColumbia,SouthCarolina.Weekend.Willsharegas.CallYuat3853427.”
Jimcalled.HewasastudentofhistoryandwasgoingtoSouthCarolinatomeethisgirlfriend.Wearrangedwheretomeetandwhentostart.ThenIpreparedfoodanddrinksenoughfortwopersons.
Itwasalongway.Jimprovedhimselftobeagooddriverbydrivinghiscarfastandsteady(稳).Thecarsinfrontofusendeduplaggingbehindusonebyone.FromtimetotimeIservedhimwithfoodanddrinks,andweenjoyedtalkingalot.
JimshowedgreatinterestinChinesehistory.“It’swonderfulthatyouhavesuchalonghistory.”hesaid,“MaybeonedayIwillvisitChinaasahistoryresearcher.”“Goodidea!Iwillbeyourtourguide.”Iencouragedhisfutureplan.
Wetalkedandlaughedallthewaytotheverydoorstepofmyfriend’sflat.“I’llcometopickyouuponSundaymorningat10.”Sayingthis,hedroveaway.
Needlesstosay,itwasahappyreunionforseveralofouroldschoolmatestomeetinaforeigncountry.Wehadphotostaken,andmadeJiaoziinabigflat.“ForourgettingtogetherintheUS,cheers!”Weproposed(提议)todrinktothishappymoment.
InSouthCarolinathereweremanyShanxiChinesestudents,becauseSouthCarolinaandShanxihaveasistershipconnection,whichwassetupthroughthehelpoftheformerChineseambassador(大使)totheUS,whowasalsofromShanxi.WhenthoseImetgottoknowthatIhadsettleddowninShanxi’scountrysideforeightyearsduringtheCulturalRevolution(文革),theyalltalkedtomelikefellowvillagers.
Thegoodtimepassedquickly.Itwasn’tlongbeforeJimcametopickmeup.Allofmyfriendsgotouttoseemeoff.Weshookhandsandpromisedtocommunicatewitheachotherasoftenaspossible.Iwavedgood-byetothemasthecardroveaway.
17.FromthepassageweknowthatthewritermaybeaChinese_____________.
A.tourguideB.traveler
C.studentD.ambassador
18.Thewritermusthave__________thetrip.
A.paidnothingatallfor
B.sufferedagreatdealbecauseof
C.spentadozenofdayson
D.paidforhalfofthegasduring
19.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_________.
AJimdroveatahighspeed
B.theroadwasrathercrowded
C.theydidn’tstartearly
D.Jim’scarranveryslowly
20.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat__________.
A.Jimandthewriterdidn’tstudyatthesameschool
B.thewriterdidn’treturntotheschoolinJim’scar
C.Jimwasnoteasytoget
D.thewriterseemednottobefromShanxi
(四)短文改错
LiMing,whohasbeenworkingaspostmanfor1____________________
twoyears,alwayswearsasuitgreenuniform.2____________________
Heworkedwithcareaswellaswitheffort.He3____________________
servesforthepeopleheartandsoul.Everydayhe4____________________
getsupearlytodelivernewspapersormagazines.5____________________
Heistoocarefulthathehasneverbeenwrong.6____________________
Onedayhehadtosendadeadletterandithappened7____________________
toberaininghardlyoutside.Buthesetoutimmediately.8____________________
Hehadaskednearlyeverybodyindistrictafter9____________________
hetriedtohandthelettertotherightperson.10____________________
simplyadj.简单地;(加强语气)的确goodsn.商品;货物
majorityn.大多数industryn.工业;产业
throughoutprep.遍及;贯穿glasshousen.温室;暖房
centraladj.中心的;中央的voicen.说话声;嗓音
possibilityn.可能;可能性labo(u)rn.劳动
faxn.传真transportn.&v.运输
wingn.翼;翅膀skilln.技能;技巧
storev.储藏;存储textn.文本;课文
screenn.幕;荧光屏beliefn.信条;信念
votev.选举;投票possessionn.所有;拥有;财产;所有物
needn.需要;需求satisfyv.满足;使满意
wealthn.财产;财富fairlyadv.公平地;相当
practicaladj.实际的;实用的driern.吹风机
meanwhilen.&adv.同时telegraphn.&v.电报;给……拍电报
talkof谈到outofwork失业
rightnow=atthismoment就在此时persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事makeadecision作出决定infuture=forthefuture从今以后
inthefuture将来forexample=forinstance例如
moreandmore=increasingly越来越多(反义词组lessandless)
aswellas和……一样好;不但,而且workout算出,解决
andsoon=andsoforth=andthelike等等gooff关闭、断掉;实现、发生;变坏、变差reduceby减少了inthefieldsof=intheareasof在…….领域playapartin在……方面起作用pointout指出
atpresent现在awasteofmoney浪费钱
votefor投票选……,投票赞成(反义词组voteagainst)
satisfyone’sneeds满足某人的需要take…forexample以……为例
keepfit保持健康beagainst反对(反义词组befor)
change…into…=turn…into…把…….变成……
bymail通过邮寄landon着陆
carryout执行
1.convenient
【用法】adj.方便的,近便的,容易到达的
例1:Wemustarrangeaconvenienttimeandplaceforthemeeting.
例2:It’susefultohaveaconvenientsupermarket.
近点的超市很方便。
2.majority
【用法】n.大多数,大半;占大多数
例1:Themajorityofteachersbelievethatteachingischallenging.
大多数老师认为教学就是一种挑战。
例2:Thosewhoareforthesuggestionareinthemajority.
赞成这个建议的占大多数。
minority少数
例如:Theyfoundthemselvesintheminority.
他们发现自己占少数。
3.satisfy
【用法一】vt.(使、令)满意;满足,够条件
例1:Nothingsatisfieshim,andhe’salwayscomplaining.
他总是抱怨,没有令他满意的。
例2:Shehassatisfiedtherequirementtobeacollegestudent.
她已经够进大学的条件了。
1)satisfactionn.满足,满意
例如:Hehadafeelingofsatisfactionwhentheworkwasfinished.
工作完成了,他就有种满足感。
2)satisfactoryadj.令人满意的
例如:Theresultoftheseeffortsisusuallysatisfactory.
努力的结果是令人满意的。
3)satisfytheexaminers=passanexam考试及格
例如:Theexamsatisfiedtheexaminers.
考试及格了。
4)satisfyone’shunger(demands,curiosity,need)解饿(符合要求,满足好奇心,满足某人的要求)
例如:Themealsatisfiedmyhunger.
这顿饭解了我的饿。
5)besatisfiedwith对…感到满意
例如:Hewassatisfiedwiththeresultsofthemathsexam.
数学考试成绩令他满意。
4.need
【用法一】v.(情态动词)必要
例如:Youneedn’tsticktoyourownopinion.
你没必要坚持自己的观点了。
【用法二】v.需要
例如:Thegardendoesn’tneedtobewatered/watering.
花园不需要浇水了。
【用法三】n.必要
例如:Thereisnoneedforyoutostartyet.
你没有必要开始了。
5.possession
【用法】n.[u.]持有,具有,拥有(不可数名词);财产,所有物
例1:Thepossessionofapassportisessentialforforeigntravel.
持有护照是到国外旅游必备的。
例2:Hecameherewithoutfriendsorpossessionsandmadehisfortune.
他来这里时两手空空,无依无靠,后来却发了财。
1)inpossessionof占有,控制(某物)
例如:Hewascaughtinpossessionofstolengoods.(窝藏)
他因窝藏赃物而被逮住了。
2)takepossessionof成为(某物的)所有者,占有(某物)
例如:Fathertookpossessionofasupermarketnearby.
父亲在附近拥有一家超市。
3)possession/possessions
例1:Onherfather’sdeath,shecameintopossessionofavastfortune.
父亲去世后,她就继承了一大笔财产。
例2:Helostallhispossessionsinthefire.
他所有的财物被大火吞噬了。
6.rather
【用法】adv.相当
例如:Thisisratheraninterestingbook.(=Thisisaratherinterestingbook.)
这是一本相当有趣的书。
例如:Youdidfairlywellinyourexam,buthedidratherbadly.
你的考试成绩非常优秀,可他却很差劲。
1.(be)outofwork
(be)outofwork失业,下岗,(机器等)有毛病(强调状态,和形容词jobless同义)
例1:Hehasbeenoutofworkforthreemonths.
他已经三个月没事做了。
例2:Oh,thisairconditionerisoutofworkagain.
哦,空调又坏了。
1)outofcontrol失控
例如:Themachinewasoutofcontrollastnight.
昨晚机器失控了。
2)outofone’sreach够不着
例如:Themedicineshouldbeputoutofchildren’sreach.
药应该放在孩子够不着的地方。
3)outoforder有毛病
例如:Mycomputerwasoutoforder.
我的电脑当时坏了。
4)outofdate过时
例如:Thisstyleofdressisoutofdate.
这种款式的服装过时了。
5)outofdanger脱险
例如:Sharonwasnotyetoutofdanger.
桑兰尚未脱离危险。
6)outofsight看不见
例如:Theplanetookoffandwassoonoutofsightinthesky.
飞机起飞后,很快便在空中消失了。
7)outofquestion毫无疑问
例如:Itisoutofquestiontogetanothernewone.
再弄个新的,没问题。
8)outofthequestion不可能
例如:Completingthetaskinsuchashorttimeisoutofthequestion.
9)outofbreath上气不接下气
例如:Afteralongrunning,Iwasalmostoutofbreath.
一段长跑后,我几乎是上气不接下气了。
10)outofuse没有用
例如:Thatoldwatchwasoutofuse.
那块旧手表已没用了。
2.makeaneffort(todosth.)
makeaneffort(todosth.)努力(做某事)
例如:Wemustmakeanefforttofinishthetaskintime.
我们必须努力按时完成任务。
1)do/tryone’sbesttodosth.
例如:Weshoulddo/tryourbesttostudyharder.
我们要竭尽全力更加努力学习。
2)doeverything/what/allthatonecantodosth.
例1:MarydideverythingshecouldtohelpherbrotherwithhisEnglish.
玛丽尽力帮她弟弟学英语。
例2:IwilldowhatIcantoarriveontime.
我会尽力按时赶到的。
例3:Lincoln’smotherdidallthatshecouldtosendhimtoschool.
林肯的母亲尽最大努力送他上学。
3.talkof
talkof谈及
例如:TheytalkedofthefilmTheWastedTime.
以前,他们谈到过电影《蹉跎岁月》。
1)talkabout谈到“细节”
例如:TheyaretalkingaboutthefilmTheWastedTime.
他们正在谈论电影《蹉跎岁月》。
2)talkon表示兼有“议论”
例如:TheyaretalkingonthefilmTheWastedTime.
3)跟of和about连用的动词常有hear;know;tell;learn;talk;speak;think等,与on连用的动词常有talk;write;lecture;speak;comment等。
例1:knowabout
例如:Idon’tknowaboutthatmatter.
我不知道那件事。
例2:learnof
例如:Ilearnedofhisdepartureonlyyesterday.
昨天我才听说他走了。
例3:commenton
例如:Iwon’tcommentonwhatpeoplesay.
我不想对别人说的评头论足。
4.throughout\allover\allthrough
throughout\allover\allthrough贯穿,遍及
例如:Heworkedthroughout\allthroughthenightandthenextday.
他工作一通晚直到第二天。
1)allover
例如:Thediseasespreadthroughout\alloverthecountry.
疾病传遍了全国。
2)allthrough
例如:Justbeforehewaskilled,hesentamessagetohiscomradesallover\throughoutthecountry.
他在就义前夕向全国的同志传发了他的讲义。
5.reduceby\reduceto
reduceby\reducetoby表示减少的“数额”,to表示减少到的“总量”。
例1:Thepricesofallthebooksarereducedby20percent.
所有书的价格降了20%。
例2:Thecompanyhasreducedtheircoststo70percent.
公司将他们的费用降到70%。
1)increaseby增加了
例如:Industrialproductionasawholeincreasedby20percent.
总的来说,工业产值增加了20%。
2)increaseto增加到
例如:Thewaterintheriverroseto20metresyesterday.
昨天,河水涨到了20米。
6.infuture
infuture将来
infuture常指全部的将来,即从现在开始。
例如:Hesaidhewouldhelpmeinfuture\forthefuture.
他说以后会帮我的。
1)forthefuture“为将来”之意,而infuture没有此意
例如:Haveyoupreparedforthefuture
你准备好了吗?
例如:Whocantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture
谁知道将来会发生什么?
7.forexample
forexample例如
前后常用逗号分开,常用来举例说明,并不用来列举一连串的事物
例如:Alotofpeople,forexample,ZhangHonglikemusic.
许多人喜欢音乐,譬如,张红。
suchas前常用逗号,其后不加逗号,常用来列举多个事物。
例如:Helikestostudysomesubjects,suchasphysics,chemistryandEnglish.
他喜欢的科目,如:物理,化学和英语。
1.Itispossible\likely\probabletoraintomorrow.
明天会下雨。
【解析1】possible,likely,probable都有“可能”的意思,但用法不同。possible可用于Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.或Itispossiblethat…句型中,但当其作表语时,通常不用人作主语。
例1:It’spossibleformetogohomeatfour.
四点钟,我会回家。
例2:Itispossiblethatthemeetingwillgoonuntillate.
会议可能会持续到很晚。
【解析2】likely既可用人也可用物作主语,还可用于Itislikelythat…句型,但不能说Itislikelyforsb.todosth。
例1:It’slikelytobewarmtomorrow.
明天可能变暖和。
例2:Itislikelythathewillfailintheexam.
他很有可能考试不及格。
例3:Sheislikelytostayhereforafewdays.
她会在这里多住几天。
【解析3】probable在作表语时,不用人或不定式作主语,只用于Itisprobablethat…句型。
例如:Itisprobablethatheforgotallaboutit.
他可能全忘了。
2.Doyouthinkourmanagerisgoingtohaveanewfactorybuilt
你认为我们的经理准备建一座新工厂吗?
【解析1】句中haveanewfactorybuilt是have+名词+done结构。意为“让(使得)某人完成某事。”
例如:Iamgoingtohavethisarticleprintedout.
【解析2】get+名词+done与have+名词+done结构基本没有什么不同,只是前者多用于口语,不强调经过一定的努力促使宾语的状态。
例如:Takeyourshoestotheshopandget/havethemmended.
把你的鞋拿到店里修修。
3.Peoplehavebeentalkingofitalotrecently.
最近,人们一直在谈论这件事。
例1:Whatbookhaveyoubeenreadingrecently
最近你看什么书?
例2:I’vewrittenanarticle.
例如:I’vebeenworkingonthenightshiftforseveralweeks.
几星期以来,我一直值夜班。
4.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.
计算机可以识别人的声音,这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。
【解析1】thatcomputers……voices为同位语从句,idea为同位语从句的标志词,常见的标志词有idea,belief,doubt,fact,hope,news,possibility,thought,promise等。
例如:Wemustrememberthefactthatgoatsusuallyliveinmountainouscountry.
我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。
【解析2】同位语从句用来说明前面标志词的内容,that在同位语从句中不作任何成份,但不可省略;而定语从句用来限制或修饰前面的先行词,that在定语从句中作宾语时,在非正式文体和口语中可省略。
例1:Wehaveheardthenewsthatourbasketballteamwonthematch.(同位语从句,that不作句子成份,不可省略)
我们已经听到消息,我们的蓝球队已获胜。
例2:Thisisthenews(that)theytoldus.(定语从句,that作told的宾语,可省略)
【解析3】how,when,where,why等连接副词也可引导同位语从句,在从句中可作成份,但引导的句子不修饰前面的标志词,只说明内容。
例如:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
我不知道他什么时候会回来。(同位语从句)
名词性从句作同位语
1)同位语从句一般用连词that引导,或用连接副词when,where,和how等引导。
例1:Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
我不知道她何时会回来。
例2:Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromthechairman.
采纳新规则的建议是由主席提出的。(虚拟语气shouldbeadopted)
例3:Thereistheproblemwherewecangetthemachinesneeded.有个问题:我们哪儿能得到需要的机器。
例4:It’sthequestionhowhedidit.
问题是他如何干了此事的。
例5:Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.
那笔钱不见了,并不意味着被偷了。
2)有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它说明的名词之后,而是被其它词隔开了。
例1:WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
消息传来说,拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。(由于同位语从句太长,这避免句子头重脚轻把谓语提前。)
例2:HegotamessagefromMr.Smiththatthemanagercouldn’tcomethatafternoon.
他从史密斯先生那儿获知,经理那天下午无法前来了。(from…介词短语修饰got,故放同位语从句前。fromMr.Smith也可放句首。)
2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
1)定语从句中关系代词that在从句中充当主语或宾语,同位语从句中that是连词,不充当句子成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词作补充说明。
例1:Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(定语从句)
他告诉我的那个消息是真实的。
例2:Thenewsthatourteambeattheirsistrue.(同位语从句)
我们对比赢了他们对这一消息是可靠的。
表示可能或预测(Possibilityorpredict)
1.Hemay(not)…
他会/可能不……
2.Doyouthinkit’spossiblethat…
你认为……可能吗?
3.It’squitelikelythat…
很可能会……
4.Itis(not)likelyto…
可能会/不会……
5.Idon’tthinkso.
我不这么认为。
6.Theywill(not)…
他们会/不会……
7.Whatdoyouthinkislikelytohappen
你认为会发生什么?
8.It’snotlikelythat…
可能不会……
9.Ithink…
我想……
根据所学知识和所给提示补全下面各段对话。
M:Hello
W:Hello.IsthisDrBean
M:Yes,itis.
W:DrBean,I’m(1)fortheNationalResearchCompany.I’dliketoaskyouafewquestionsaboutyour(2).
M:OK.
W:Firstquestion.Howoftendoyou(3)
M:Isometimestakeaspirin,butthat’sall.
W:Doyoutakevitamins
M:No,Ineverdo.
W:Howaboutexercise
M:Well,Ioftenplaytennisorhandball.
W:Doyoueatany(4)
M:No,Ijusttrytoeatgoodfood.
W:Well,I’mfinished.Thankyouforyourhelp.
背景提示:下面是两个朋友在相互谈论自己度周末的情况。其中一个和露茜去爬山,说山的景色很美。另一位则说去了自己的工厂,工厂的产品销路好,经理承诺给每一位职工加工资。请根据所学内容,补全对话。
W:Ihadawonderfultimeovertheweekend.
M:Whatdidyoudo
W:LucyandI(5).(6)wasexcellent.
M:Ihadagoodtime,too.Iwenttoourfactory.
W:Why
M:DuringthebreakwegotthewordthatthegoodsofourfactorysoldwellinHangzhoulastweek.Ourmanagerpromisedto(7).
背景提示:以下是Joan和她的朋友关于昨晚约会的一段对话,她的朋友由于在办公室工作忘了此事,并保证以后不会再发生类似的事情了。请根据所提供的情景,补全对话。
W:Wherewereyou(8)I(9)youforalmostanhour.
M:Oh!I’msorry.I…Icompletelyforgot.
W:You(10)!Whatdidyoudolastnight
M:Istayed(11)inthefactory.We’regotpilesofgoodstoloadlastnight.
W:No,youweren’t.Isawyouataquarterpastsevenandyouwerewithanothergirl.
M:I’msorry,Joan.I’llexplaineverything.It…Itwon’t(11).
W:Itcertainlywon’t.I’mgoingtoseeyouagain.
WheneverIlookatthemoon,IwishIcouldgothere.Doyoueverwishthatyoucouldtakeatriptothemoon
Forhundredsofyears,menhavewantedtotraveltothemoon.Whenevertheylookedatthemoon,theyaskedquestions.IsthemoonhotorcoldDopeoplelivethereArethereanyplantsorlivingthingsthereThereweremanyarguments.Somepeoplesaidthattherewerelivingplantsonthemoon.Otherssaidnothingcouldlivetherebecausethereisnowateronthemoon.Thesepeoplecouldnotagree.
Whenwelookatthemoonthroughtelescopes,wecanseelinesandcircles.Peopleusedtosaythatthiswasthemoon’sfaceandthattherewasamaninthemoon!Youmayhaveseendrawingslikethisinstorybooksforyoungchildren.Thisisnonsense,ofcourse.Thereisnomaninthemoon.Thelinesandcirclesaremountains,valleys,anddeepholes.Therearealsoplainswherethegroundisquiteflat.
Weknowagreatmanyfactsaboutthemoonnow.Scientistshavestudiedthemoonthroughtelescopesformanyyearsandhavediscoveredmanyfacts.Recentlyrocketswithmeninsidethemhavereachedthemoon.
WhatdoweknowaboutthemoonFirstofall,ifwecomparethemoonwiththeearth,wefindthatthemoonismuchsmaller.Itisaboutone-quarterthesizeoftheearth.Itistravellingaroundtheearth.
Daysandnightsonthemoonareverylong.Onedayonthemoonisaslongastwoweeksontheearth.Onenightisalsoaslongastwoweeksontheearth.Inthedaytimethemoonisveryhot:120℃.Thenightsareverycold:—156℃.Thisisverycoldindeed.Amanonthemoonwouldquicklyfreezetodeathinthenight-time.Itwouldbetoohottolivewithoutspecialclothes.Themoonismuchhotterandmuchcolderthantheearth.
Thereisanothersurprisingthing.Onthemoonthingsarenotasheavyastheyareontheearth.Somethingthatweightsonekilogramontheearthwouldweighonly166gramsonthemoon.Didyouknowthat
Perhapsonedayinthefutureanyonewillbeabletotakeatriptothemoonjustlikegoingonatrainorbusjourney.Whatanadventurethatwouldbe!
Notes:nonsensen.无稽之谈
(1)takeatripto去……旅行
(2)argument争论,争吵
(3)livingplants有生植物
(4)telescope望远镜
(5)ofcourse当然,行了
(6)know…about了解,知道
(7)agreatmany许多,大量
(8)…ifwecomparethemoonwiththeearth,wefindthatthemooninmuchsmaller.
…,如果将月球和地球作比较,我们会发现月球小得多。
(9)aslongas长达
(10)inthedaytime白昼
(11)justlikegoingonatrainorbusjourney正像坐火车或汽车旅行
(12)adventuren.\v.冒险
·比较
这类词有also,as,incomparison,likewise,similarly,inthesameway,alike,like,asif等。
例1:Thisisafirst-classaircraft,anditisnodoubtworththemoney.Inthesamewayitisdifficulttopersuadebankerstoputupthemoney,£5million,tobuyit.
例2:Mr.Keneallymayhavewrittengood“faction”andMr.Capote,andNormanMailertoo,forthatmatter,mayhavewrittenbad“faction”,butthisdoesnotalterthefactthatitisnotfiction.
·对比
表示对比的转折词语主要有inthemeantime,oppositely,ontheone/otherhand,orrather,yet,but,instead,andyet,however,evenso,still,nevertheless,onthecontrary,atthesametime,bycontrast,eventhough,inspiteof.
1)IoftenwantthingsIcan’tget,yetIdon’tgooutandjusttakethem.
2)Anynormalpersonisdepressedwhengivenpropercausefordepression.Oppositely,normalpeoplebecomeveryexcitedwhen,forexample,theyhavewonabigprize.
1)在未来的医院里将越来越多地使用计算机。医生可以与计算机对话,解释病人的症状。接着计算机就会告诉怎么治,并且说出理由。
2)计算机不仅能检查一个人的病历(healthrecord),而且能够保存病情相同的许多病人的信息档案。
3)所有的信息档案都将会在任何需要时由计算机随时打印出。
4)目前已经研制出储存整个档案的计算机程序。
要求:1、短文必须包括所给要点;2、不要逐字翻译;3、词数:100左右。
TwohundredyearsbeforeChrist,amannamedAntipater(安特彼德)wroteatravelguide.Hewantedtomakesuretravelersdidn'tmisssomegreatattractions.Helistedsevenmanmade"wonders"hefeltwerewellworthseeing.SincehelivednearGreece(希腊),hiswondersweremostlyinthatregion.
ThefirstwastheHangingGardensofBabylon(巴比伦).Here,KingNebuchadnezzarⅡ(尼布甲尼撒)hadbuilthugeterracegardensofrare(珍奇)treesandflowerstopleaseoneofhiswives.Thenextwasa100-foot-highbronzestatueofthegodApollo(阿波罗).ItwascalledtheColossusofRhodes(罗德斯巨人).ThethirdwonderoftheworldwasthehugetombofMausolus(莫索里斯).Itwastoppedbyalife-sizestonechariot(战车)andhorses.NextwasagiganticmarblestatueofZeus(宙斯),coveredwithivoryandgold.ThetempletothegoddessDiana(狄安娜)wasthefifthwonder.Thepyramids(金字塔)ofEgypt,andthelighthouseatAlexandria(亚历山大港)werethelasttwo.Today,ofthesesevenwonderousachievements,onlythepyramidsareleft.War,earthquakesandvandalism(人为破坏)havedestroyedtherest.
(一)古代世界的七大奇迹
公元前200年,有一位名叫安特彼德的希腊人写了一本旅游指南,以使旅游者们不要错过一些有价值的旅游胜地。文中列出了他自认为值得一看的七大人造奇迹。由于他住在希腊附近,所以他所列的七大奇迹大部分分布在那一地区。
第一个奇迹理所当然是巴比伦的空中花园。在那儿,尼布甲尼撒二世修建了巨大的梯田式花园,花园里种满了奇花异草,以取悦他的一位妃子。第二个奇迹是一尊100英尺高的太阳神阿波罗的铜像,被称为罗德斯巨人。第三个奇迹是莫索里斯巨大的坟墓,坟墓的顶端有一个与实物一样大小的石刻马拉战车。第四个奇迹是巨大的宙斯大理石雕像,镶有象牙和黄金。第五个奇迹是女神狄安娜的神殿。最后两大奇迹分别是埃及的金字塔和在亚历山大港的灯塔。现在,这七大奇迹中唯有埃及的金字塔幸存下来了。其他的六个奇迹都被战争、地震和人为的破坏给毁灭了。
(B)America:ANationofImmigrants
(二)美国:移民之国
纵观美国历史,就可见这个国家经常被称为“一个熔炉”,在此,各种移民和种族团体学会了共同建设一个独特的民族。甚至那些“本土的”美国人--印第安人,也可能是几千年以前,从亚洲走过大陆桥来到北美洲的。所以,谁是真正的美国人?答案是他们中的任何一个人都是!无论你来自何处,如果你想成为美国人,就会成为美国人;你就会变成这个极其富有的“移民之国”的一个新份子。美国现在正由主要是欧洲血统移民的国家变为世界上其他各洲,如亚洲、拉丁美洲移民的国家。最近移民的数字急剧增长。他们希望摆脱在本国的经济困难、政治压迫,并在美国这片“充满机遇的土地上”寻找更好的教育和更富裕的生活。尽管他们从“故国”带来的文化与美国文化之间往往会产生冲突,但是多数移民还是学会了适应并热爱他们所归化的土地。
美国人从移民的风俗和观念中也学到了很多东西,并且在极其细微和有趣的方面受到了它们的影响。移民们带来了他们本族的文化、政治以及社会模式和态度,不同的学术和宗教背景,以及他们种族的艺术、体育、节日和饮食。这些极大地丰富了美国人的生活。对于世界各地的移民而言,美国已经是一个“熔炉”,在这个熔炉中,甚至当外国人快要成为美国(一个其人民有着共同的一套文化观和价值观的国家)公民时,他们从文化和语言上仍然是在他们本国的样子。这个熔炉没有、也不应该熔掉对另一个地方的另一种生活方式的记忆。相反,即使移民们努力地要进人美国文化主流之中,他们也应保存自己遗产中的语言、技能、宗教和艺术。
1.Generallyspeaking,themajorityofhisbooks______bysomekind-heartedpeople.
A.areofferedB.isoffered
C.aregotD.wasoffered
2.MrSmithsaidhewashealthyandhedidn’twanthimself______.
A.examiningB.toexam
C.tobeexaminedD.beexamined
3.ThismorningAlice______out______thedooropenedandincamesomestrangers.
A.wasjustaboutgoing;while
B.went;whenC.wasgoing;then
D.wasjustabouttogo;when
4.Thepoliceareconsideringthe______thatthefirewasstartedaccidentallyatnight.
A.resultB.stepC.reasonD.possibility
5.Hecameherewithoutfriendsor_____andmadehisfortune.
A.possessionsB.possession
C.wealthsD.good
6.Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes______hisboss.
A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports
7.——Whencouldyouhaveamealwithme
——I’dliketogowheneveritis______toyou.
A.fitB.niceC.convenientD.suit
8.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear_____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
9.IsentMarythedrawing_____E-mailandshewas_____withmywork.
A.by;satisfyingB.with;satisfying
C.by;satisfiedD.with;satisfied
10.Englishis______interestinglanguagetolearn.
A.afairly`B.fairlyan
C.thefairlyD.fairlythe
11.Hegainedhis_____bythe_____ofcoalandothergoods.
A.wealth;transportB.wealths;transport
C.wealth;transportsD.wealths;transports
12.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.
A.isplayingB.haveplaying
C.areplayingD.play
13.Thenumberoftheemployershasgrownfrom1,000to1,200.Thismeansithasrisen_______20percent.
A.byB.atC.toD.with
14.TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname______itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.
A.aslongasB.while
C.ifD.eventhough
15.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.
A.aswellB.aswellas
C.sowellD.sowellas
Igotlotsofinterestingexperiencesinafreeschool.AtfirstIcouldn’tbelieveit.Therewereno1inrowsorloud-soundingbells,nordidanyonehastogoto2.Althoughwelived“in”,3madeusgotobedatacertaintime;therewasno“lightsout”.
The4thingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor5class.Thenewonesalwayswentwild6,butthisneverlastedlong.Thefreedomtooksomegettingusedto.Ourteacherstreateduslike7;neverdidwehaveto8“standup”,“sitdown”,“speakout”.Idon’t9onestudentwhodidn’ttryhisbest.
Thesubjectswerethesameasthoseinthe10school,butwhatadifferenceintheapproach(方法)!Forexample,inbotany(植物学)wehad11classesinthespringorfall,butinsteadweplantedtwogardens,avegetablegardenandaflowergarden.Theninwinterweeachstudiedafew12thingsaboutwhatwehadgrown.Inmathsthestudentsbuiltthreedifferentkindsofstoreroom-smallones13,butusable.Theydidthisinsteadofhavinglessonsintheclassroom.Theyreallyhasa14time,too,designingeverything,drawingtheblueprints,figuringouttheangles(角度)andsoon.Ididn’ttake15.ButIcoulddothebasicthingswithnumbers.That’s16.
17IthinkIama18personforhavinggonetotheschool.Icanreadandwriteaswellasanyoneelseofmyage,andIthinkbetter.That’sprobablyarealbig19betweenthefreeschoolandregularschool——theamountof20.
1.A.desksB.lightsC.booksD.windows
2.A.homeB.bedC.classD.work
3.A.teachersB.parentsC.nobodyD.somebody
4.A.sadB.lastC.goodD.strange
5.A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied
6.A.fromthenonB.atfirstC.oncemoreD.justthen
7.A.workersB.pupilsC.gardenersD.grown-ups
8.A.playB.sayC.studyD.understand
9.A.hearfromB.feellikeC.thinkaboutD.knowof
10.A.nightB.regularC.smallD.real
11.A.allB.shortC.noD.indoor
12.A.wildB.successfulC.usualD.particular
13.A.aswellB.afterawhileC.ofcourseD.asaresult
14.A.funnyB.greatC.convenientD.thoughtful
15.A.mathsB.careC.botanyD.notice
16.A.uninterestingB.interestingC.enoughD.dangerous
17.A.OnthewholeB.OnceagainC.SoonerorlaterD.Afterawhile
18.A.carefulB.betterC.busierD.lovely
19.A.problemB.chanceC.differenceD.change
20.A.readingB.gardeningC.teachingD.thinking
Auniversityisaninstitutionofhigheducation.Itgenerallyoffersstudiesleadingtoabachelor’s,master’sordoctor’sdegree.Studentsstudyingforabachelor’sdegreearecalledundergraduates.WhentheycompletetheircoursesandgettheirB.A.(orB.S.)degree,thyarecalledgraduates.Iftheythenenrollforfurtherstudyatauniversity,theyarecalledgraduatestudentsintheU.S.andpostgraduatesinGreatBritain.
Butnotallsecondaryschoolgraduatescangoontotheuniversity.Theywillhavetopassentranceexaminationsandonlythosewiththehighestmarkscangainadmission.
Universityeducationisexpensive.Studentssometimesreceivescholarshipsorloans(贷款)fromthegovernment,university,orotherinstitutiontohelpthemtocompletetheirstudies.Insomecountries,studentsworkwhiletheystudytohelppaytheirexpenses.
Universityeducationencouragesstudentstoworkandstudyforthebenefitofsociety.Theylistentolectures,formdiscussiongroups,carryoutresearch,writepapersandtakeoralandwrittenexaminations.
Universitylifeisinteresting.Studentsnotonlystudymanydifferentsubjectsbutalsotakepartinsocialactivities.Academicsocietiesandsportclubsgivestudentsopportunitiestodeveloptheirspecialinterests.
1.Postgraduatesstudyfora__________.
A.bachelor’sdegreeB.doctor’sdegree
C.master’sdegreeD.alloftheabove
2.Secondarystudentscangoontotheuniversityafterthey__________.
A.getloansfromgovernment
B.passcollegeentranceexaminations
C.takepartinsocialactivities
D.dopart-timework
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotincludedinparagraph5ofthestory
A.Studentscandobusinessintheuniversity.
B.Studentscanbeadmittedtoacademicsocieties.
C.Studentscanbemembersofsportclubs.
D.Studentscantakepartinsocialactivities.
4.Theword“opportunities”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__________.
A.societyB.degreeC.admissionD.chance
ScientistsusedtoexploreonthesurfaceoftheOcean.Nowtheyareexploringbelowthesurface,too.Theywanttoknowabouttheoceanwaterandplantandanimallifedeepintheocean.In1943WilliamBeebedived3,000feetbelowthesurfaceinahollowsteelball.In1945AugustPiocarddived10,330feet.In1960hissonJeandivedtoadepthof35,8000feet.
Alltheseearlydivesweredeep.Butthediverscouldnotstaydownforverylong.Theyhadtocomebackuptothesurfaceafterafewseconds.Scientistsneededtostaydownlongertostudylifebelowthesurface.Gradually,theysucceededindoingso.Cousteau,aFrenchman,wasabletokeepmendowntoadepthof36feetforonemonthandtoadepthof90feetforaweek.
Withnewequipment,nowmencanstaybelowthesurfacefordaysorevenweeks.In1962Cousteausetuparesearchstation35feetbelowthesurface.Thenin1964hesetupanotherstationontheoceanflooroftheRedSea.Thiswasthefirstunderseastationtooperatewithouthelpfromthesurface.
Manycountriesarenowstudyingundersealife.TheUnitedStateshasalaboratory50feetdownontheoceanfloor.In1970fivemenlivedtherefortwoweeks.Thenateamoffivewomenscientistsstayedinthelaboratory.Nextcameotherteamsofmen.Allweretheretoexploretheoceandepthandtomakeplansfortheuseofitsresources.
5.Scientists____________tolearnabouttheoceanwaterandtheplantandanimallifedeepintheocean.
A.areexploringonthesurfaceoftheocean
B.arestudyingthedivesmadebytheearlyexplorers
C.arestudyingtheoceanfloor
D.areexploringbelowthesurfaceoftheocean
6.AugustPiocardandJeanwhomadeearlydivesare____________.
A.fatherandsonB.sonandfatherC.brothersD.cousins
7.ThoughtheearlydivesmadebyWilliamBeebeandotherexplorersweredeep,yetthediverscouldonlystaydownfor____________.
A.afewdaysB.afewhoursC.afewweeksD.afewseconds
8.Whatdidthescientistsdointhelaboratoriesdownontheoceanfloor
A.Theytriedtofindwaystosetupundersearesearchlaboratories.
B.Theyexploredtheoceandepthandmadeplansfortheuseofitsresources.
C.Theylearnedhowtokeepmendowninthestationsbelowthesurfaceofthewater.
D.Theylearnedhowtomakeuseofthenewequipmentintheundersealaboratories.
Beijing—BeijingistospenduptoUS$20billiontochangetheChinesecapitalintoa21stcenturyoneforthe2008Olympics.
Thegovernmentwillhostthe2008games.ThegeneralaimisforBeijingtohavethesameenvironmentalstandardasPairs,LondonorWashingtonby2008.
Hundredsofmillionsofdollarswillbespenttopipenaturalgastothecity’shomes,takingawaydirtycoalburninggraduallywhile60,000buseswillbechangedtoliquefied(液化)gas.
Themoneywillalsobeusedforrelocatingthepollutingfactoriesandbuildinggreenbelts.By2008around90percentofBeijing’swastewillbetreated,comparedtoonly40percentatpresent.
OlympicofficialsrealizethecityhasalongwaytogotomatchtheenvironmentalstandardsofsuchcitiesasPairs,Toronto,IstanbulandOsaka.
Cityofficialshavealreadyannouncedthataround50largeprojectsarebeingdealtwithtoimprovetrafficcongestion(拥挤)andcutdownpollution.TheyincludetheconstructionofBeijing’sfirstlightrailway,a40.5-kilometerlinewhichisexpectedtobecompletedin2005.
Beijing,besides,planstobuildan82.25-kilometer-longsubwaytoaddtoexisting53kilometers.Ninemajorroadswillberebuiltorwidened.
Beijingalsoplanstobuilda70-meter-widegreenbeltalongthewaterwaystoprotectthewaterqualityaswellasincreasethegreenarea.
9.Thegovernmentwillpipenaturalgastothecity’shousesinorderto_________.
A.settletheproblemofbeingshortoffuel
B.bringdownthecostofdailylife
C.reducethepollutionofourcapital
D.keepupwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety
10.Theunderlinedword“relocating”inthisreportmeans_______.
A.removingB.pullingdown
C.rebuildingD.dealingwith
11.Fromthelastthreeparagraphsweknowthefactthat__________.
A.lengtheningtheexisting53-kilometersubwayisamongthe50largeprojects
B.a40.5-kilometerlinewillbeaddedtoBeijing’sfirstlightrailway
C.thelengthofthesubwaywillbeupto135.25kilometerin2005
D.a70-meterwidegreenbeltwillsupplyuswithenoughwater
12.WhichofthefollowingsTRUEaccordingtothepassage
A.TheenvironmentofLondonisbetterthanToronto.
B.Inthefirstparagraph“a21stcenturyone”referstoamodernandadvancedcapital.
C.Beijingisbadlypollutedmainlybycoalburning.
D.Liquefiedgasismoreexpensivethanpetrol.
Wehaveallexperiencedayswheneverythinggoeswrong.Adaymaybeginwellenough,butsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetoutofcontrol.Itseemsasifasingleunimportanteventmaycauseanumberofthingstohappen.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealandkeepinganeyeonthebabyatthesametime.Thetelephoneringsandthismeansyourtroublesarebeginning.Whileyouareonthephone,thebabypullsthetableclothoffthetable,destroyingyourhalfpreparedmeal.Youhanguphurriedlyandattendtoyourbaby.Meanwhile,themealgetsburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtobringyoutotears,yourhusbandarrives,unexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.
Thingscangowrongonanumberofpeopleontheroad.Duringtherushhouroneeveningtwocarshiteachotherandbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomandriverbehindthetwocarshappenedtobealearner.Shesuddenlywentintoapanic(恐慌)andstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherstopsuddenly.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindowandlandedontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheair,atruckdriverhadtostophistruckallofasudden.Thetruckwascarryingemptybeerbottlesandhundredsofthemslidoffthebackofthetruckontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhile,thetrafficpiledupbehind.Ittookthepolicenearlyanhourtogetthetrafficonthemoveagain.Inthemeanwhile,thetruckdriverhadtosweepuphundredsofbrokenbottles.Onlytwodogswereenjoyingthemselvesfromtheaccident,fortheywerehappilyhavingwhatwasleftofthecake.Itwasjustoneofthoseday.
13.Accordingtotheauthor’sopinion,______________.
A.asmallmattermaycausegreattrouble
B.accidentsmayhappenanytime
C.troublesalwayscomeingroups
D.anyonemayhavetroubleanyday
14.Whenthetelephonerings,_________________.
A.you’dbetterhaveyourbabyalittledistantfromyourtablebeforegoingtoanswerthephone
B.yourtroubleissuretocome
C.you’dbetterjustletitringalltheway
D.youshouldnevergotoansweritinahurry
15.Whatdidthepolicedoaftertheaccident
A.Theymanagedtomakethetrafficreturntonormal.
B.Theyhelpedthedrivertogoonwiththeirjourney.
C.Theytriedtostopthepeoplefromarguing.
D.Theywouldfindoutwhoshouldberesponsible(负责任的).
16.Fromthestorywecansee____________.
A.suchaccidentsarerathercommon
B.suchaccidentsareratherstrange
C.noonecanexplainwhysuchaccidentshappen
D.somedriversaretoocareless
Inthe19thcenturyAmericansfromtheeasternstatesmovedwesttosettleintherichnewlandsalongthePacificCoast.Themostdifficultpartoftheirtripwascrossingthe“GreatAmericanDesert”inthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatesbyhorseandwagon(马车).
Thewesterndesertcanbeverydangerous.Thereislittlewaterandtherearefewtrees.Nevertheless,thedesertalsohassceneryofgreatbeauty.Talltowersofredandyellowstonesrisesharplyfromtheflatsandyvalleyfloor.ThescenehasbeenphotographedmanytimesandappearsinmoviesandonTV.
InArizona,man-madedams(水坝)acrosstheColoradoRiverhavemadetwolargelakesinthemiddleofthedrydesertcountry.AtLakePowell,theredstonearch(拱门)ofrainbowbridgeriseshighabovethebluelake.
Therewerefewroads.ManyareasofLakePowell’sshorecanonlybereachedbyboatoronfoot.However,hikers(徒步旅行者)inthisemptydesertlandsometimesfindveryoldnativeAmericanpicturespaintedontherocks.
InDeathValley,California,thesummertemperaturerisesto130-165degreesFahrenheit(华氏温标).Thereislessthantwoinchesofraineachyear.DeathValleyisthelowestplaceinAmerica–925metersbelowsealevel.Inthe1800s,manytravelersdiedwhentheytriedtocrossthiswaterlessvalleyintheterribleheat.
Althoughthedesertisdryandseemsempty,thereisplentyoflifeifyoulookclosely.Smallinsects,snakes,andratshavelearnedhowtoliveinthedesertheat.Theyliveundergroundandcomeoutatnight,whenitiscool.Plantssuchascacti(仙人掌)needverylittlewater.Whenitdoesraininthedesert,plantsgrowquicklyandflowersopeninasingleday.Forashorttime,thedesertiscoveredwithsplendidcolor.
17.Inthe19thcentury,Americansmovedfromtheeasttothewestbecausethey____________.
A.enjoyedthetrip
B.wantedtomaketheirhomethere
C.wantedtofindnewgrasslandthere
D.hadnowatertodrink
18.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat_________.
A.thewesterndesertisagoodplace
B.thereislittlewaterbuttherearemanytreesinthedesert
C.thedesertisdangerousbutitisfullofbeauty
D.tillnow,peopleknowlittleaboutthedesert
19.IfyouwanttofindsomeoldnativeAmericanpicturespaintedontherockyoumusttravel__________.
A.onfootB.byboat
C.bycarD.byplane
20.Inthe1800smanytravelersdiedinDeathValleybecauseof__________.
A.illnessB.hightemperature
C.coldweatherD.poisonouswater
Twowomanpassengersonatrainwerequarrelling.1____________________
Theconductoraskedwhatwashappened.Oneofthem2____________________
said,“Ifthiswindowopen,Iwillcatchacold.And3____________________
maybeI’lldie.”Theanotherwomansaid,“Butif4____________________
thewindowisshut,Iwillfeeldifficultyinbreathing.5____________________
Iwilldie.”Theconductordidn’tknowhowtodo.6____________________
Amanwaslisteningtoallthetime.Hesaidthathe7____________________
hadgoodidea.“Firstopenthewindow.Thatwill8____________________
killher.”Hesaid,“Nextshutit.Thatwillkillthe9____________________
other.Thenwecanhavepeace,can’twe”10____________________
waitern.(餐厅)服务员flyn.苍蝇
carriagen.(火车)客车厢(=美car)cigarn.雪茄烟;叶卷烟
announcementn.通告;通知trackn.轨道
absencen.不在;缺席truthn.真相;实际情况
platformn.讲台;站台bookv.预订;订(房间、车票等)
chargen.&v.费用;价钱;要求收费;索价brakev.刹车;制动
cyclistn.骑自行车的人extremelyadv.极其;非常
determinev.决定;决心stupidadj.愚蠢的;笨的
rudeadj.无礼的;粗鲁的permitn.许可;执照;营业证;许可;允许prisonn.监狱couplen.夫妇;一对
districtn.区;地区;区域
playonwords双关语,俏皮话,文字游戏laythetable摆设餐具(准备吃饭)
beangrywithsb.生某人的气byaccident=bychance偶然
incommon共同;共用beupto在干什么
gothrough通过;完成onone’sown独立地,独自地
acollectionof一批,大量takeover接收;接任
getintouchwith和……取得联系onvacation=onholiday度假
turnup到达,出现;仰起shoutat对……大声叫嚷
connect…to…把……连接起来orrather确切地说,或者说得正确些
intimefor及时赶上inorderthat为了……
getonwell=getalongwell相处很好;生活得很好
bedeterminedtodo决心做某事enjoyalonglife多活几年
thinkof想起leavesb./sth.doing使……继续处于某种状态
1.lay
【用法】v.摆,放,躺;下蛋,产卵(过去式和过去分词均为laid)
例1:Tomlaidhisbagonthebed.
汤姆把包放在床上。
例2:Theducklaysaneggeveryotherday.
这只鸭子每两天下一个蛋。
1)laythetable摆饭桌(准备吃饭)
例如:Thewaitersarebusylayingthetable.
服务员正忙于摆餐桌。
2)layoneselfdowntosleep躺下睡觉
例如:Hewastootired,andlaidhimselfdowntosleep.
他太累了,便一头倒在床上睡着了。
3)layacarpet(cable;pipe)铺地毯(架电缆、铺管道)
例如:Tokeeptheirroomclean,thenewcouplelaidacarpetintheroom.
为了让房间干净,新婚夫妇在房间里铺了地毯。
4)layabridge架桥
例如:Theywilllayabridgeacrosstheriver.
他们将在河上架座桥。
2.determine
【用法】v.决定;决意,决心(做某事)
例1:Haveyoudeterminedwhereyouaregoing(wheretogo)foryourholidays
你已决定了去哪儿度假?
例2:Sheisdeterminedtocatchupwithherclassmates.
她下决心赶上其他同学。
3.charge
【用法一】n.指控,控告;费用;责任,管理
例1:Tomwassentencedtothreeyears’imprisonmentonthechargeofstealing.
汤姆因指控偷盗而被判三年牢狱。
例2:Ourserviceisfreeofcharge.
我们提供免费服务。
例3:Heassumedfullchargeofthefirminhisfather’sabsence.
父亲不在时,他全权负责管理公司。
【用法二】v.要价;猛冲,猛攻;指控,指责;分配任务
例1:Hechargedustoomuch.
他要价太高了。
例2:Marycharged/dashedintotheroom.
玛丽猛地冲进房间。
例3:Sheischargedwithmurder.
他被指控犯谋杀罪。
例4:Heischargedwithcleaningtheclassroom.
他被分配清扫教室。
1)(be)inchargeof管理
例如:Whoisinchargeofthisclass
谁是这个班的班主任
2)(be)inthechargeof管理,负责
例如:Thiscompanyisinthechargeofhim.
这家公司现由他负责。
4.book
【用法一】vt.预订
例如:Alltheroomshavebeenbookedout.
所有的房间都已被预订。
【用法二】n.书
例如:Thereareallkindsofbooksinmybag.
我书包里有各种各样的书。
5.permit
【用法】vt.许可,准许
例如:Thedoctordoesn’tpermitmetostayuplate.
医生不让我熬夜。
注:permit侧重表示得到权威的认可,正式条文或法规的“准许”,多用于正式的场合,语气强。其后接名/代词与不定式构成复合宾语,但不接从句。若permit的主语不是表示人的名词或代词,后面可以接动名词;如果是表示人的名/代词,则不能。
例如:Hisillnessdoesn’tpermithissmoking/himtosmoke.
由于有病,他不能吸烟。
1)permissionn.允许
例如:Withoutparents’permission,wecannotgooutalone.
没有父母的允许,我们不能单独外出。
2)allow侧重于听任、默许、不加阻止,是日常用语。后跟名/代词、动名词、双宾语或不定式作宾补的复合宾语,但不跟从句。
例如:Fatherdidn’tallowmetogotothemovie.
父亲不让我去看电影。
1.byaccident(=bychance=accidentally)
byaccident(=bychance=accidentally)偶然
例1:Ionlyfounditbyaccident.
我仅仅是偶然发现这个的。
例2:Igottherightanswertothequestionbyaccident/accidentally.
突然,我想到了问题的答案。
2.incommon
incommon共同
例1:Wearegoodfriendsbecausewehavemanythingsincommon.
我们是好朋友,因为我们有许多共同之处。
例2:Thoughpeoplemaybedifferentinlanguageandrace,theyhaveonethingincommon——theylovepeace.
人们虽然在语言和种族上不同,但有一点相通,那就是,他们热爱和平。
3.getintouchwith…
getintouchwith…和……取得联系
例如:Hegotintouchwithhisfriendsbytelephoneyesterday.
1)keepintouchwith….和…保持联系
例如:Anewspaperkeepsoneintouchwiththeworld.
报纸能使人与世界保持联系。
2)beintouchwith…和…有联系
例如:Theyareclosefriendsandnowtheyarestillintouchwitheachother.
他们是好朋友,他们现在依然保持联系。
3)be(get)outoftouch(with)…失去联系,脱离
例如:We’vebeenoutoftouchwithRogerforyearsnow.
我们至今已有数年末与罗杰来往了。
4)losetouch(with)…和…失去联系
例如:Theboywentthroughtheforestbyhimselfandsoonlosttouchwithus.
男孩独自一个人穿越森林,很快就与我们失去了联系。
4.onone’sown
【用法】onone’sown独立地
例如:It’sahappydaywhenyou’reallowedtodriveacaronyourown/alone.
如果你被允许一个人驾车的话,那是快乐的一天。
ofone’sown某人自己的
例如:Ourchildrenhavegrownupandhavechildrenoftheirown.
我们的孩子都长大了,而且都有了自己的孩子。
5.turnup
turnup反弹,翻耕,查阅(字典等)
【用法一】(指股票、股市等)上扬,反弹,升值
例1:Investmentisturningupsharply.
投资额急剧增长。
【用法二】露面,出现
例2:Wearrangedtomeetatthecinemaat7:30,buthefailedtoturnup.
我们安排七点半在电影院见面,可他没来。
【用法三】(失去后)被发现或找到(尤指偶然地)
例3:I’msureyourwatchwillturnuponeofthesedays.
我敢肯定某一天你的手表会找到的。
【用法四】开大(音量、煤气等)
例4:Ican’theartheradioverywell.Couldyouturnitupabit
我听不很清收音机的声音,麻烦调大一点?
【用法五】翻出
例5:Thefarmerturnedupahumanskullwhileploughingthefield.
农夫在犁田时候,犁出一块人头颅。
【用法六】折起衣边改短(衣服)
例6:Thesetrousersaretoolong,they’llneedturningup/tobeturnedup.
这裤子太长,需要改短。
【用法七】查阅(字典等)
例7:Notbeingsureoftheword,heturned/lookeditupinthedictionary.
由于对这个单词没把握,他就去查词典。
1)turn(a)round转身
例如:Thelittlegirlturnedroundandrantohermother.
女孩转身向母亲跑去。
2)turnaway不理睬,不从事;撵走
例1:Youshouldn’tturnawayfromallyouroldfriends.
你不应该不理睬你的老朋友。
例2:Heturnedawaythreeapplicants.
他拒绝了三则申请。
3)turndown拒绝;调低
例1:Thecompanyturneddownthesuggestionofshorterhours.
例2:TurndowntheTV.
请调低电视机的音量。
4)turninto变为,译为
例1:Itturnedintoaniceday.
天放晴了。
例2:CanyouturnthetextintogoodEnglish
你能把课文翻译成地道的英语吗?
5)turnout关掉;结果是……
例1:Heturnedoutthelightandfollowedhiswifeupstairs.
他关掉灯,随妻子上楼了。
例2:Howdidtheexaminationturnout
考试的结果怎样?
6)turnover交给;随便看看;翻身
例1:Heturnedoverthebusinesstohisson.
他把事情交给了自己的儿子。
例2:Heturnedoverapageortwo,butwasnotinterested.
他随便地翻了一两页,可不感半点趣。
例3:Heturnedoverinbed.
他在床上辗转反侧。
7)turnto求助于;变成
例1:Hecouldn’tworkouttheproblemandfinallyturnedtohisfather.
他无法算出这道题,最终向父亲求助。
例2:Thesnowsoonturnedtorain.
雪很快就变成了雨。
6.beupto
beupto中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
【用法一】“从事于……,忙于……,相当于bedoingsth.”但常指“(打算)做到某种顽皮的、不好的事情”。
例1:Goandseewhatthenaughtyboysareupto.
去看一看那顽皮的男孩正在干什么玩意儿。
【用法二】“应由某人担任或负责”,常用it作形式主语。
例2:It’suptoyoutodecidewhatweshoulddonext.
我们下一步该做什么,你说了算。
【用法三】“胜任,适于“
例3:Theproductisuptostandard.
这产品符合标准。
7.orrather
orrather更确切地说
例1:Westayedatmyfriend’shouse,orratheratmyfriend’sparents’house.
我们住在朋友家里,确切地说是朋友父母的家里。
例2:Heismycousin,orrathermyfather’scousin.
他是我亲戚,更确切地说是我父亲的亲戚。
8.foramoment
例如:Pleasewaitforamoment.
请稍等片刻。
例如:Pleasestopthediscussionforthemoment.
请暂时停止一下讨论。
2)atthemoment用于现在时态中,相当于now;用于过去时态中,相当于then。
例如:Iam(was)busyatthemoment.
现在/那时我很忙。
1.Thesecondpersontreatsitasaquestionaboutshape.
第二个人把它看作为形状问题。
【解析1】句中treat为及物动词,意为“看待,对待”,还有“治疗,处理”等意思。
例如:Hetreatedmekindly.
他待我很和气。
【解析2】treatment为名词,意思是“治疗”。
例如:Hetriedmanytreatments.
他尝试了各种治疗方法。
1)treat…as“把……当作对待(款待)”,主要指在某种认识基础上处理或对待事物,重点放在行动上。
例1:Hetreatedmywordsasajoke.
他把我的话当成玩笑。
2)treatwith和……谈判,和……商谈。
例2:Theydecidedtotreatwiththeenemy(forpeace).
(为了和平)他们决定与敌人谈判。
3)consider…as意为“把……看作,认为”,可表示思考或根据经验得出结论。
例3:Yousurelycan’tconsiderhimasaselfishman.
你不要以为他自私。
4)regard…as意为“把……看作,认为”,可表示根据外表得出结论,或个人偏袒之意。
例4:IregardthemovieasoneoftheworstI’veeverseen.
我认为这部电影是我看过的最差的之一。
5)lookon/upon…as意为“把……看作;把……当作”。
例5:Idon’tlookon/uponhimasagooddoctor.
我以为他不是一个好医生。
6)take…as意为“假定;假设;设想”,常表示没有充分根据的看法或做法。
例6:Willyoutakemeasyourpartner
你会把我当作你的伙伴吗?
7)see…as意为“看法”,根据个人的观察或体会所得出的认识。
例7:Ican’tseeyouasamother.
我无法把你当作母亲。
8)thinkof…as意为“认为,以为”。
例8:Youmustn’tthinkofmeasbeingunhappy.
你不要以为我不高兴。
2.Hehadgonethroughsixcarriageswhenhefoundhecouldgonofurther.
他走了六节车厢,这时他发现再也走不过去了。
【解析】主语+had+过去分词+when引导的从句(before引导的从句)此句型主句的谓语动词用过去完成时态、肯定式;从句用一般过去时,意为“刚……就……”,“一……就……”,表示主句的动作发生后,从句的动作接着发生。e.g.
例1:Hehadstayedseveraldaysbefore(when)heknewshehadreturned.
他呆了几天才知道她已返回。
例2:Theyhadwalkedafewhourswhen(before)theyarrivedatthevillage.
他们走了好几个小时才到达村庄。
例3:Shehadgonethroughjustafewcarriagesbeforeshefoundherselfatthefrontofthetrain.她只走过几节车厢就发现自己已经来到车厢的前部。
v.-ing作形式宾补和状语的用法
1.v-ing形式作宾语补足语。
v-ing形式在句中除了作主语、宾语和表语外,还可作谓语动词的宾语补足语。能用v-ing形式作宾补的谓语的词常见的有感觉动词hear,see,notice,watch,feel,find,catch,observe,smell,listento,lookat和使役动词have,get,set,send,leave,keep,start等。
例1:Weleftthechildrenplayinginthegarden.
我们把孩子们留在花园里玩耍。
例2:Thisremarkseteveryonethinking.
这番话引起大家深思。
例3:Theblowsenthimflying.
这一击把他打倒了。
例4:Icansmelltroublecoming.
我凭直觉感到要有麻烦了。
2.v-ing形式作状语
例如:Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.(=Whenheheardthegoodnews.)
听到了好消息后,他高兴得跳起来。
2)作原因状语
例如:Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtoherfatherforhelp.(=Asshedidn’tknowswhattodo.)
由于不知道做什么,她便向父亲求助。
3)作让步状语
例如:ThoughworkinghardatEnglish,Ifailedintheexam.(=ThoughIworkedhardatEnglish.)
我虽然努力学习英语,但是考试还是没及格。
4)作结果状语
例如:Herhusbanddied,leavingherwiththreechildren.(=sothatheleftherwiththreechildren.)
她丈夫死了,给她留下和三个孩子。
5)作方式状语
例如:Hewastalkingallthewhileasiftalkingtohimself.(=asifheweretalkingtohimself.)
他一直在说个不停,好象是自言自语。
6)作伴随状语表行为或方式
例如:Sheworkeddeepintothenightpreparingthereport.(=andpreparedthereport或andshepreparedthereport.)
她工作到深夜,在准备报告。
3.当谓语动词的动作发生在分词所表示的动作正在进行的过程中时,作状语的分词并一般要加上when,while等连词。
例如:Whencrossingthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyaspeedingcar.(=whenhewascrossingthestreet.)
当穿过马路时,他被一辆飞驰而过的汽车撞倒了。
4.v-ing形式作状语的时态与语态。
1)v-ing形式的一般式通常表示与句中谓语同时发生的动作或状态。
例如:Walkinginthestreet,Imetwithanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.)
在街上散步的时候,我遇见了我的一位老朋友。
2)v-ing形式的完成时(having+过去分词)作状语表示其动作发生在句中谓语动作之前。
例如:Havingfinishedthework,wehadarest.(=Afterwehadfinishedthework.)
做完了工作后,我们休息了一会儿。
3)v-ing形式的被动式(being+过去分词)表示与它的逻辑主语是动宾关系。
例如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.(=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill.)
从山顶上看去,城市看起来更加美丽。
表示肯定或不肯定(Sureorunsure)
1.I’m(not)sure(ofthat).
我对……深信不疑/不确信。
2.I’msure(that)….
我肯定……
3.I’mnotsurewhether/if….
我不敢肯定是否……
4.Idoubtif….
我怀疑是否……
5.Perhaps/Maybe.
也许/可能。
下面是关于玩文字游戏(Playingonwords)的三段对话,请根据本单元所学内容,补全对话。
A:Haveyougotchicken’slegs
B:No,sir,Ialways1.
A:What’swrongwiththeseeggs
B:Don’taskme,sir.Ionly2.
A:Howdidyou3,Madam
B:Quitebyaccident.Imovedafewpeasandthereitwas.
Flying
Menhavealwayswantedtoflylikebirds.Birdscanflyeasilybecausetheyarelight,butmen’sbodiesareheavier.
Menfirstwentupintotheairinballoons.Thesearebigbags,andtheyarefilledwithgas.Hydrogenisausefulgasforballoons.Itislighterthanair.Heliumisalsolighterthanair,butitcostsalotofmoney.Soballoonswere(andare)usuallyfilledwithhydrogen.
Balloonshavetoflywiththewindastheyhavenoenginestodrivethemagainstit.Later,menmadeairships.Thesewereballoonswithengines,buttheywerealsofilledwithhydrogenandsomeofthemcaughtfirebecausethehydrogenescapedandtheenginesheatedit.Thentheairshipwascompletelyburntinafewseconds.
Aircraftwithwingsnowtakepeopleacrosstheworld.Powerfulenginesdrivethesemachinesacrossthesky.Someoftheenginesareliketheenginesofcars,buttheyaremorepowerful.
Thereisanotherkindofenginewhichwecallthejetengine.AnEnglishengineerinventedthejetengine.InMay1942hisnewenginewasfixedinanaircraft,andtheaircraftflewquitewell.AtthesametimetheGermanswerealsobuildingajetengine;butneithercountrytoldtheother,ofcourse.
Jetenginesareverypowerful.Usuallytwo,threeorfourareenoughforanaeroplane;butsomebigaircrafthavesix.Anyoneinamovingjetplanecanfeelthepoweroftheengines.Jetplanescantravelfasterthansound.(Soundtravelsatabout1100feetasecond.Thatisabout760milesanhour.)Asaflyingjetplaneleavesitsnoisebehindit,wedonothearituntilithasgone.
Notes:1.hydrogenn.氢气2.heliumn.氦气3.befilledwith充满
(1)goupintotheair飞上天
(2)balloon气球
(3)airship飞艇
(4)Thesearebigbags,andtheyarefilledwithgas.气球是巨大的、充满了气体的大袋子。
(5)inafewseconds一会儿
(6)jetengine喷气式发动机
(7)atthesametime同时
(8)powerful强大的;作用大的
(9)aeroplane=aircraft飞机
(10)leave…behind留下;把……丢在后面
1)表让步的转折词:
表让步的转折词有afterall,anyway,anyhow,allthesame(=justthesame),that’sright,despite,inanycase,verywell.
例如:(1)I’mverynervousaboutthecameras.Afterall,theyareputtingsomethingintoacanforposterity,andIwanttoknowwhatthey’reupto.Aslongasyouhavetimetolookatarehearsalofaperformancefirst–aswedidwiththevideoof“Otello”—it’sO.K.
(2)I’dstoppedgoingtotheLordNelsonintheevenings,andtakentolookinginatthebackbaroftheGeorge—thePrivateBar.Averynicecrowdusedtogetinthere.Anyway,thereasonImentionitisbecauseLenWeatherheadusedtogothereveryoften.Hewasreallyoneofthebigboys.
2)表结果的转折词:
这类词有:accordingly,atallevents,asitturnedout,forthatreason,inanyevent,justaswell,butfor,consequently,somehow,thanksto,therefore,thus,so等。
例如:1)Shearrivedlate,gaveanswersinanoffhandmanner,andofcoursedispleasedtheinterviewingpanel.
2)Seeingthathehadnochanceofwinning,heconsequentlypretendedhewasn’ttrying.
请根据提示写一则通知。假如你是学校播音员,要传达学校的通知,写一则词数100左右的口头通知。包括以下内容:
1)根据早上收音机的天气预报(weatherforecast)说今晚有大雨,要求同学们离开教室时关好门窗。
2)原计划明天举行的运动会推迟,天气转晴后再另行通知。明天照常上星期三的课。
3)明天较冷,同学们要注意加衣服,骑车上学的同学骑车时不要打伞(keepanumbrellaopen)。
(A)TheTwoDifferentWaysofBritishLeisureLife
Britishpeoplearealwaysfamousfortheirconservativenature.Nevertheless,theyalsohavesomeinterestingwaystoenjoythemselves.
Clublifestartedwithcoffeedrinkingwhichbeganaround1650.Limitedtofifty,listofmembershipofthisclubincludesprominentmembersoftheCommonsandtheLordsandotherdistinguishedpeople.However,oneofthefamousclubsisanon-politicalclubandwasgiventhenametheotherClubbecauseitsaimsalwaystoheartheotherman’spointofview.
Incontrastwithclub,thereisthepopularPancakeDay.ItisonthefirstdayofLent,andusuallyoccursbetweenFebruary2andMarch8.ItisbelievedtoremindthatbutterandeggswereforbiddenduringLentandhousewiveswereanxioustouseupalltheyhadleftbeforethestartofthefrugalperiod.
(一)英国人的两种不同的休闲方式
英国人素来以保守闻名。不过,尽管这样,他们仍旧会以有趣的方式享受生活。
俱乐部的生活开始于1650年-----咖啡成为饮品的时候。由于俱乐部的成员要求控制为50人,所以成员都是上、下议员中的头头和一些达观显贵。不过,仍旧有一个最著名的非政治性的俱乐部叫“另类俱乐部”,因为她的宗旨是“倾听别人的呼声。”
和俱乐部相比较,明显不同的是人们非常熟悉的烤饼节。烤饼节在大斋节的第一天,通常在二月二和三月八日间。人们认为此节日是用来纪念斋戒日里禁止食用黄油和鸡蛋类的。过去,在斋戒日前,家庭主妇总是匆匆忙忙地把所有的黄油和鸡蛋都吃完。
(B)HistorianWantsNapoleonDNATest
Fordecades,thefateofNapoleonBonapartehasbeendebatedandstudied.NowaFrenchhistorianislockedinanuphillbattleagainstthegovernmentoveraDNAtesthesayscouldendthedoubts.
HistorianBrunoRoy-HenrybelievesBritishauthoritiesmayhaveremovedNapoleon’sremainsbeforehiscoffinwasreturnedtoFrancein1840-andthatthebodyunderthegildeddomeofLesInvalidesisthatofanotherman.
ButFrance’sDefenseMinistryhasrefused,atleastfornow,toallowaDNAtest,whichRoy-HenrycontendswouldputanendtoallquestionsabouttheidentityofthebodyinNapoleon’sTomb.
"IhaveafeelingthattheFrenchauthoritiesareveryperturbed,"Roy-Henrysaid.
Roy-HenrypointstoaseriesofanomaliessurroundingNapoleon’sdeathontheSouthAtlanticislandofSt.Helenain1821,andthetransferofhisremainstoParis19yearslater.
TheministryalsotoldRoy-HenryhemustseektheagreementofNapoleon’sdescendants,someofwhomliveinItalyandtheemperor’sbirthplaceofCorsica,toprovideaDNAsamplebeforethecasecanproceedfurther.
ButwhatwouldhavebeentheBritishmotiveforremovingthebodyThecircumstancessurroundingNapoleon’sdeathareasubjectoffiercedebate.
WhiletextbookssayNapoleondiedofstomachcancer,claimsthattheBritishpoisonedhimwitharsenicarerife.Ifthatwerethecase,theywouldhavetriedtohidethecrime,Roy-Henryargued.
Heconcedesthatthereisnoproofforanyofthosetheories.ButaDNAtestcouldatleastsettlethequestionaboutwholiesinthetomb.
(二)拿破仑死因扑朔迷离有待DNA测试大白真相
几十年来,拿破仑的死因一直是人们争论和研究的对象。如今,一位法国历史学家正力图冲破政府方面的阻力,通过DNA测试来揭开这一历史之谜。
历史学家布鲁诺·罗伊·亨利认为在1840年拿破仑的棺椁运抵法国之前,英国政府已经偷梁换柱,转移了他的遗体,而如今摆放在荣军院金色屋顶下的其实是另一个人的尸体。
尽管亨利称这项DNA测试能够确认拿破仑坟墓里那具尸体的身份,使得所有疑问得以真相大白,但是法国国防部却拒绝进行测试,至少在目前是这样的。
罗伊·亨利说道:“我有一种感觉,法国政府对此感到十分不安。”
亨利指的是当初围绕拿破仑之死的种种反常的事情:拿破仑1821年在南大西洋圣赫勒那岛上溘去,可是他的遗体19年之后才被运回巴黎。
国防部还告诉罗伊·亨利说,他必须求得一些居住在意大利和其出生地--科西嘉岛的拿破仑后裔们的同意,请求他们为进一步的测试提供DNA样本。
然而英国人转移拿破仑尸体的动机到底是什么呢?围绕拿破仑之死所涉及的这些情况仍是一个颇有争议的论题。
罗伊·亨利称,尽管教科书上说拿破仑是死于胃癌,但是除此之外还有另一种普遍的说法:拿破仑是被英国人用砒霜毒害的。如果后一种说法属实的话,英国政府就自然要想方设法掩盖罪行。
他承认目前还没有证据证明任何一种推测的真伪。但是如果进行DNA测试的话,至少可以查出躺在拿破仑坟墓里的人到底是谁。
1.Don’tbeangrywithhim.Hemadethemistake______.
A.incommonB.byaccident
C.inahurryD.onaverage
2.——Excuseme,whatisthe_____ofthisroom
——Fiftydollarsanight.
A.payB.useC.costD.charge
3.Haveyou______sucha______man
A.satisfied;determinedB.satisfied;determining
C.satisfiedwith;determinedD.satisfiedwith;determining
4.Wehadrungupseveraloffices_____wefoundalltheseats______.
A.before;decidedB.as,weretaken
C.before;bookedD.when;ordered
5.Sheissupposedtoattendthemeeting.Butwhyhasn’tshe______
A.turnedupB.turneddown
C.turnedoutD.turned
6.Thethief_____awaywhenthepolicearrivedandcaughthimrightinmyhouse.
A.hadseenB.wasgoingto
C.wasuptogoD.wasabouttogo
7.Theywalkedasfastaspossible,_____tocatchtheearliesttrain.
A.hopedB.tohopeC.hopingD.hadhoped
8.——Doyoulikesupermarket
——______.Iliketoshopinsmallshopswheretheownersknowme.
A.NordoIB.Notespecially
C.NoproblemD.Ihopenot
9.Helikestousewords_____isnotveryclear.
A.themeaningofwhomB.ofwhosemeaning
C.whichthemeaningD.themeaningofwhich
10.Itis____metogetthefourofus_____.
A.for;movingB.upto;moving
C.upfor;tomoveD.upon;tomove
11.Theboy_____thathe_____hisfootballunderthebedwhenhewas_____inbed.
A.lied;laid;lyingB.lain;lay;;lain
C.lied;laid;lainD.lay;lied;laying
12.Therevolutionaryfighterwouldrather_____withhisheadhighthan_____withhiskneesbent.
A.todie;toliveB.dying;tolive
C.die;liveD.death;living
13.Tomcamebackwithamessage_____therewouldbeatestsoon.
A.whenB.whichC.asD.that
14.______acomputerworksisaquestion______noteveryonecananswerquickly.
A.How;thatB.That;which
C.What;whichD.When;that
15.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfourfifthsofthetickets_____.
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked
C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
1.A.arestB.anaccidentC.atestD.anidea
2.A.mostfamousB.mostexpensiveC.bestD.nearest
3.A.funnyB.sadC.movingD.astonishing
4.A.drivingB.walkingC.runningD.wandering
5.A.as`B.sinceC.whenD.if
5.A.risingB.flyingC.runningD.landing
6.A.enterB.visitC.watchD.see
7.A.noticedB.seenC.understoodD.heard
8.A.moveB.thinkC.readD.speak
9.A.theirB.theirsC.herD.hers
10.A.leaveB.stayC.driveD.watch
12.A.happyB.thankfulC.nervousD.normal
13.A.toldB.allowedC.advisedD.ordered
14.A.earthB.carC.roadD.hospital
15.A.decidedB.believedC.supposedD.discovered
16.A.discussionB.searchC.movementD.meeting
17.A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.where
18.A.disappearedB.fledC.returnedD.hanged
19.A.BehindB.InfrontofC.BelowD.Atthefootof
20.A.asB.ifC.asifD.onlyif
TheManontheWaves
Thewhite-toppedwavesrosehighaboveJosh’shead.Itwasallhecoulddotostophimselfcryingoutinfear.
Asthewaterwentdown,heturnedhisheadaway.Intohisearswerethesoundsofawavepounding(敲击)ontotheyacht’sforedeckasthewaterflowedoverthesideandbackintothesea.
Breathingheavily,helookedup.Theyacht’ssails,largeandfatbellied(膨胀的),werefilledwiththewindhecouldhearblowingaroundhim.Athisside,almostwithinthetouchingdistance,theseawasrushingpast.
Anotherwavewentagainstthebow,thenanother,sendingsprayhighintotheair,Joshcouldalmosttastethesaltonhislips.
Helookedahead.Thehorizonwashardlyseen,mergingwiththegrayclouds.Lookingthiswayandthat,therewasnopieceofland.Hewasalone,veryalone,inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean.
Andtheneverythingwentdark.
1.Whywasheinfear
A.Hesawasnake.B.Hecouldnotcontrolhimselftocryout.
C.Thewavesrosehighabovehishead.D.Notmentioned.
2.Whatdidhehear
A.Thewavespoundedontothedeck.B.Thesoundsoftheflowingwater.
C.Somepeopleweretalking.D.Alloftheabove.
3.Wherewashe
A.Hewasinalake.B.HewasinanOcean.
C.Hewasinasea.D.Hewasinaboat.
4.Whendidthestoryhappened
A.Atnight.B.Atnoon.
C.Lateintheafternoon.D.Earlyintheafternoon.
Somepeoplearepessimistic(悲观的)whentheythinkaboutthefuture.Theysaythat,ahundredyearsfromnow,wewillhaveusedmostoftheearth’sresources.Wewillhavepollutedourseasbadly,andbeunabletoeatfishfromthem.Wewillhavemadetheairsodirtythatwewillneedtowearmasks.Theworld’spopulationwillhavedoubled,andwewillhaveusedallthecountrysideforhousing;therewillbenofarmlandleft.
OtherpeoplebelievethatMancanadapt(适应)tonewcircumstancesveryeasily.Theyhaveadifferentideaofthefuture.How,intheirview,willpeoplebelivinginahundredyears’timeOnearchitect(建筑师)believesthatManwillmoveofftheland.Hesuggeststhatthecityofthefuturewillbeahuge,pyramid-shapedbuilding,whichwillbefloatingonthesurfaceofthesea.About5,000familieswillbelivingthere,andthebuildingwillcontainshopsandschoolsaswellashomes.Bylivingonthesea,wewillgivethefarmersmorelandtogrowcrops.
Asforoil,peoplewillnolongerneedit:theywillbeheatingtheirhomeswithpowerfromthesun.Andwewillnotbeshortofminerals,becausetherearealotunderouroceans.Atthemoment,wedonothavethetechnologytogetthemout.But,inahundredyears’time,theoptimists(乐观主义者)say,thenewseacitieswillbeusingtheseresources.
Whatwillbeintheshopsintheyear3000WhatwillpeoplebewearingHowwillpeoplebetraveling
Scientistswhomakepredictions(预测)aboutthefuturesuggestthat,bytheyear3000,shopswillnolongerexist.Computerswillhavereplacedthem;andpeoplewillordergoodsfromhome.
Peoplewillbewearingverylight,thinclothes.Bythistime,scientistswillhaveinventedafabric(纤维)thatkeepsuscoolinhotweatherandwarmincoldweather.
Asfortravel,theexpertssaymostpeoplewillbeusingpublictransport.Electriccarswillbetravelingthroughthestreetsdayandnight.Anybodywillbeabletostoponeanduseit.
Unfortunately,wewillnotbetheretoseeifthesepredictionswillcometrue.
5.Pessimistsbelievethat_________inthefuture.
A.theseasandoceanswillbefullofhouses
B.we’llhaverunoutofmostoftheoceans’resources
C.wewillhaveenoughfishtoeatfromtheseas
D.wewillneedtowearmasksbecausewe’llhavemadetheairsodirty
6.Thearchitectbelievesthecityofthefutureis__________.
A.afloatingoneB.onthesurfaceofthesea
C.ahugepyramidD.apyramid-shapedbuilding
7.Otherpeoplehavesuggestedthat__________.
A.allthelandwillbetoopollutedtobecroppedon
B.pyramidswillbethemostcommonly-usedhouses
C.peoplewillbeusingthepowerfromthesuninsteadofoil
D.wewillbeshortofmaterialseventhoughwegetthemfromundertheoceans
8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat__________.
A.we’llbuygoodswithnomoney
B.alltheactivitieswillbecarriedoutinthesea
C.clotheswillbelightandthin
D.therewillbenocars
ThebirthofblueswasontheMississippiRiverintheearly1900s.Inthosedaystheslaveswerefreebutlifewasstillnoteasy.Theyhadtofindnewwork.Inthesouth,blackpeopleworkedonfarmsandonbuildinguptheMississippiRiver.Duringtheweekthepeopleworkedlongandhard.Theyoftenlivedalone,withouttheirfamilies,farfromhome.
Ontheweekends,theworkersgottogetheratpicnicsordrinkingplaces.Themusicianssangsongsaboutthedifficultlifeoftheworkers.Thesesongswerecalledtheblues.
Ifyouhavethebluesitmeansyoufeedverysad.Youcanhavethebluesbecauseyouhavenomoney,nolover,nohome,nojob,ornofriend.YoucanhavetheStLouisblues,theMemphisblues,ortheMondaymorningblues.
Maybeyouhavehadthehomeworkbluesortheexaminationblues.Butbluessongswerenotalwayssad.Someofthemwerehappyandmanyofthemwerefunny.
Blueswasanewkindofmusic.Inbluessongssomenoteswereflattened(降半音).Thesenoteswerecalled“bluenotes”.Theymadethemusicsoundsadanddifferent.
EarlybluessingersoftenhadveryinterestingnameslikeBlindLemonJefferson,HowlinWolf.
Bluesbeganinthecountryinthesouth.Asblacksmovedintothebigcitiestowork,theblueswentwiththem.There,theysangaboutlifeinthecities.W.C.Handy,ablackfromMemphismadethebluespopularalloverAmerica.
In1914hewrotethemostfamousbluessongofall,“TheStLouisBlues”.
9.“Theblues”is_________.
A.thenameofacityB.thenameofasong
C.thenameofamusicianD.akindofsongsungbyblacks
10.“Theblues”wasmainlyabout__________.
A.theMississippiRiverB.thedifficultlifeofblackworkers
C.lifeonfarmsD.somefunnystories
11.“Tohavetheblues”reallymeans__________.
A.tofeelverysadB.tofeelveryhappy
C.tofeelverytiredD.tohaveabluecolour
12.Bluesfirstcamefrom__________.
A.bigcitiesB.thecountrysideinthesouth
C.thecountrysideinthenorthD.Memphis
Scientistsfindthathardworkingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Career(职业)womenarehealthierthanhousewives.Evidenceshowsthatthejoblessareinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Aninvestigation(调查)showsthatwhenevertheunemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasesby2%.Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint:workishelpfultohealth.
WhyisworkgoodforhealthItisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy,awayfromlonelinessorsolitude.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy,worriedandlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoarebusy.Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeelthattheyarehappiestwhentheyareworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenmanandreality.Bywork,peoplecomeintocontactwitheachother.Bycollectiveactivities,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandmakeshimill.
Besides,workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseofachievement.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.Whenawriterfinisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfullyoperatesonapatientorateacherseeshisstudentsgrow,theyarehappybeyondwords.
Fromtheabovewecancometotheconclusionthatthemoreyouwork,thehappierandhealthieryouwillbe.Letusworkhardandstudywellandliveahappyandhealthylife.3.Whatmaybethereasonthathousewivesarenotashealthyascareerwomen
A.Theyarepoorerthancareerwomen.B.Theyhavemorechildrenthancareerwomen.
C.Theyhavelesschancetocommunicatewithothers.
D.Theyeatlessfoodthancareerwomen.
14.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothesecondparagraph
A.Busypeoplehavenothingtodoathome.
B.Highachieversdon’tcareabouttheirfamilies.
C.Therearenofriendshipandwarmthathome.
D.Asatisfyingjobhelpstokeepyouhealthy.
15.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe“_______”.
A.PeopleshouldfindajobB.Hardworkisgoodforhealth
C.Peopleshouldmakemorefriendsbywork
D.Thelossofworkmeansthelossofeverything
16.Theunderlinedwork“contact”means_________.
A.holdingB.taking
C.touchingD.living
Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious.Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.
Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary(暂时的).Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexample,afamilyproblemthedeathofalovedone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.
Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostserious.Unlikethesecondtype,chronic(长期的)lonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificreason.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.
Unfortunately,manychronically(长期的)lonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.
Psychologists(心理学家)agreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts,e.g..,friends,familymembers,coworkers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentsandteachersgiveusguidance,andourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.
Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelpactuallylonelypeoplefortworeasons:theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillnessessuchasheartdisease.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeanormal,healthypartoflife,chroniclonelinesscanbeaverysad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.
17.Howwouldyoutreattemporarylonelinessaccordingtothepassage
A.Talktofriends.B.Justignoreit.
C.Gotoseeadoctor.D.Askyourteachersforguidance.
A.temporarylonelinessB.situationalloneliness
C.anewplaceD.sleeplessness
19.Whydopsychologistswanttohelpchronicallylonelypeople
A.Chroniclonelinesscancausefamilyproblems.
B.Chroniclonelinesscancauseseriousillnesses.
C.Chroniclonelinesscannotbeovercome.
D.A,BandCareallcorrect.
20.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage
A.ThreeKindsofloneliness.B.LonelinessandDiseases.
C.LonelinessandSocialContacts.D.ChronicLoneliness.
Sunlight,asweknow,isformedby1____________________
sevendifferentcolouringlights.Thewave2____________________
lengthofeachchanges,soaquantity3____________________
ofheatcontainingineachlightchanges,4____________________
too.Flowers,especiallythepet(花瓣),
areeasytoharmbytalltemperature.5____________________
Blackflowerscantakeupallthelight6____________________
wavescausingtheflowerstodryupata7____________________
hightemperature.Sotheycan’thardlylive8____________________
goodinthesunlight.Otherflowerscan9____________________
protectthemselvesfromthecolouredlight
whichcontainalargequantityofheat.10____________________