北京二中2022—2023学年度第三学段高一年级学段考试试卷
英语
第一部分：知识运用（20分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two-year-oldNancyisdeaf.However,thathasn'tstoppedherfrombeinga（n）]littlegirltryingto
“chat"toanyoneshemeets.Assoonasshegoesoutintotownwithherparents,shestarts2inthehope
thatthepersonsheistalkingtoknowssignlanguagetoo.
Normally,hearinglossisasocial3forthosewhodon'tknowhowtousesignlanguage.Anyone
Nancytriedtotalkto4thisandfeltsosorrytheycouldn'trespond.Theywishedtheycould5
herandsaysomethingback,buttheyfoundthemselvescompletelyataloss.
Then,somethingamazinghappened.Insteadofcausinga/an6、thisbarrierbroughtthecommunity
together.DeterminedtolearnsignlanguagesothattheycouldtalktoNancy,herneighborshiredaninstructoron
theirown,andnowtheyare7totakingclassestogether.Theteacheradmitsthatthisisreallyremarkable
because,quiteoften,eventheparentsofdeafchildrendon'twanttolearnthelanguage.ButhereNancyhasafull
communitythatissigningandcommunicatingwithher,anditisa/an8story.
TheteacheralsosaysthatthislevelofinclusionwillmakeahugedifferenceinNancy'slife.Italmostcertainly
ensuresthatshewillbeahappierandmore9individualinthefuture.Nancy'sparentsarealreadynoticing
a10intheirdaughterandtheyhavenowordstoexpresshowgratefultheyaretotheirneighbors.
Withalittlegirlandalotoflove,theneighborstrulymaketheneighborhoodacommunity.
1.A.independentB.persistentC.outgoingD.generous
2.A.signingB.cheeringC.wavingD.smiling
3.A.absenceB.barrierC.stressD.interaction
4.A.discussedB.ignoredC.realizedD.predicted
5.A.inspireB.protectC.trustD.understand
6.A.conflictB.separationC.complaintD.incident
7.A.devotedB.opposedC.usedD.addicted
8.A.appealingB.fascinatingC.rewardingD.moving
9.A.well-adjustedB.healthyC.normalD.grateful
10.A.potentialB.beliefC.strengthD.difference
【答案】l.C2.A3.B4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.A10.D
【解析】
的孩子。她尝试用手语和周围的人交流，但是大家都听不懂。于是社区里的邻居们请了一位老师来教他们手
语，手语老师也赞同这是一个很了不起的举动。因为有爱，这些邻居们真正地将这个社区变成了一个大家
庭。
(1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她成为一个外向的小女孩，试图与她遇到的任何人“聊
天”。A.independent独立的；B.persistent持久性的；C.outgoing外向的；D.generous慷慨的。根据下文
"tryingto"chat"toanyoneshemeets”可知，南希是一个外向的小女孩。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要她和父母一起进城，她就会开始用手语，希望和她交谈的人也懂手语。A.
signing打手势；B.cheering欢呼；C.waving挥舞；D.smiling微笑。根据下文“thatthepersonsheistalking
toknowssignlanguagetoo”可知，她开始用手语与人交流。sign意为"打手势”符合题意。故选A。
3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，对于那些不知道如何使用手语的人来说，听力损失是一种社交障碍。A.
absence缺席；B.barrier障碍；C.stress压力；D.interaction互动。根据下文“thisbarrierbroughtthe
communitytogether."及常识可知，听力损失是一种社交障碍。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点，并为自己无法回应而感到遗憾。A.
discussed讨论:B.ignored忽略；C.realized意识到；D.predicted预测。根据下文"feltsosorry”可知，任
何一个南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点。故选Co
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望自己能理解她的意思，并对她说些什么，但他们发现自己完全不知所
措。A.inspire激励；B.protect保护;C.trust信任；D.understand理解。根据下文“saysomethingback"可
知，他们希望他们能够明白南希手语的意思。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个障碍非但没有造成隔阂，反而把社区团结在了一起。A.conflict冲突；B.
separation分离：C.complaint投诉；D.incident事故。根据语境可知，此处表示这道屏障并没有造成隔离，
反而把社区团结在了一起。设空处与下文的"broughtthecommunitytogether”形成对比。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了能和南希交流，她的邻居们决定学习手语，他们自己请了一名手语教
练，现在他们专心致志地一起上课。A.devoted专心的；B.opposed反对的；C.used习惯的；D.addicted±
瘾的。根据上文whiredaninstructorontheirownw及空后"takingclassestogether”可知，南希的邻居们专
心上课学手语。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在这里，南希有一个完整的社区，与她交流，这是一个感人的故事。A.
appealing吸引人的；B.fascinating迷人的；C.rewarding值得的；D.moving感人的。根据上文
"DeterminedtolearnsignlanguagesothattheycouldtalktoNancy,herneighborshiredaninstructorontheir
own”可知，南希社区里的居民为了和她交流而学习手语，这是一个感人的故事。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这几乎可以肯定，她将来会成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。A.well-
adjusted很好适应的；B.healthy健康的；C.normal正常的；D.grateful感激的。根据空前"Italmost
certainlyguaranteesthatshewillbeahappier以及上文的描述可知，此处表示邻居们的暖心之举一定会让她
将来成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希的父母已经注意到女儿的变化，他们无法用语言表达对邻居们的感激之
情。A.potential潜力;B.belief信仰；C.strength强度；D.difference不同之处。根据下文"theyhaveno
wordstoexpresshowgratefultheyaretotheirneighbors."可知，此处表示南希的父母已经注意到他们女儿的
变化（不同之处）了。故选D。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
InancientChinalivedanartist11paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist'sreputationhadmadehim
proud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait（画像）donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresent
their12（fine）work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould13（choose）,
butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.Thewiseoldmantold
himtotraveltotheLiRiver-perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.
【答案】11.whose
12.finest13.bechosen
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位中国画家给皇帝的首席大臣展示画作时，大臣告诉他去漓江
旅行，也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。
[11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在中国古代有一位画家，他的画非常逼真。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，
先行词artist和paintings之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填
whoseo
【12题详解】
考查最高级。句意：有一天，皇帝想要画好自己的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的
作品，这样他就可以从中挑选最好的。由“hecouldchoosethebest”可知，句子表示“皇帝想要画好自己
的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的作品”，空格处意为“最好的”，用最高级
finesto故填finesto
【13题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：艺术家确信他会被选中，但当他把这幅杰作展示给皇帝的首席大臣时，老人笑了。
艺术家是被选中，句子用被动语态，would是情态动词，因此空格处是bedone,因此空格处是bechosen。
故填bechosen。
B
A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear''for14(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee
—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,
15sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave16(final)been
acknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.
【答案】14.being
15.which16.finally
的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，
每周仍工作40小时。此处位于介词for之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填being。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工
作，这家宠物店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是thepetshop,指物，
关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后，她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。此处修饰谓
语动词，应用副词，作状语。故填finally。
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括
号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19th
centuries,17(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykept
theircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig18untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The
80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,19(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritish
Museum20openedin1759.
【答案】17.wealthy
18.or19.formed
20.which/that
【分析】这是一篇说明文。许多人有收集东西的爱好，例如邮票、明信片或古董。在18和19世纪，富人
旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去
世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。例如，HansSloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏
品，该博物馆于1759年开放。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。修饰后文名词people应
用形容词wealthy,作定语。故填wealthy。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被
捐给了一家博物馆。结合上下文语境可知此处为选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词。r。故填or。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：例如，HansSloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于
1759年开放。form在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填formed。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句修饰先行词BritishMuseum,且先行词在从句中作主语，指
物，故应用关系代词which或Ihat。故填which/thato
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Onlinecoursesofferpeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvardonlinecoursesabout
humanities.
ThePathtoHappiness
FromConfucianismtoDaoism,thephilosophiesdevelopedovertwothousandyearsagoareamongthemost
powerfulinhumanhistory.Thiscoursebringsvoicesfromthepastintomoderncontextstoexplorethepathtoagood
lifetoday.
Duration:June16,2021—June14,2022
Fees:Freeofcharge
Pace:Self-paced
Difficulty:Introductory
IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorld
ThiscourseisaboutancientGreecewithitsuniqueplaces,waysoflifeandhistoricalchanges.Wesurveythe
mostimportantsocialinstitutionsandculturaltraditions.Wealsostudyeverydayfeaturessuchasfoodanddress.
Duration:June21—August6,2021
Fees:$3400
Pace:Instructor-led
BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood
Biotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromisingprospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.Inthis
courseweconsiderpossiblefunctionsbeyondcommontreatmentslikemakingpeoplelookyounger,performbetter
andbecomeperfect.
Duration:June21一August6,2021
Difficulty:Intermediate
SuperheroesandPower
WhatmakessuperheroespopularHowcantheyhelpusthinkaboutsuperpowersInthiscourse,weexplore
thosequestionsinMarvelandDCfavorites（especiallytheX-Men）aswellasindependentcomicsnovels.
Duration:June22—August6,2021
21.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouarefreeinOct.2021
AThePathtoHappinessB.IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorld
C.BiotechnologyandtheHumanGoodD.SuperheroesandPower
22.WhatdoesBiotechnologyandtheHumanGooddealwith
A.Powersofsuperheroes.B.Moreusesofbiotech.
C.Waystoincreasehappiness.D.Clinicalpracticesofbiotech.
23.Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon
A.Theyareofthesamelevel.B.Theyarefreeofcharge.
C.Theybelongtothesamesubject.D.Theyareinstructor-led.
【答案】21.A22.B23.C
[21题详解】
16日至2022年6月14日）”可知，如果2021年10月你有空，你可以上ThePathtoHappiness课程。故选
Ao
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood部分wBiotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromising
prospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.Inthiscourseweconsiderpossiblefunctionsbeyond
commontreatmentslikemakingpeoplelookyounger,performbetterandbecomeperfect.（生物技术为治愈病人和
减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和充满希望的前景。在这门课程中，我们会考虑常见治疗之外可能的功能，比如
让人看起来更年轻、表现更好、变得完美。）”可知，BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood研究的是生物技术
的更多用途。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段"Onlinecoursesofferpeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvard
onlinecoursesabouthumanities4网络课程为人们提供了丰富的学习机会。试试哈佛的一些关于人文学科的
在线课程。）”以及结合四个课程的介绍可知，这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科——人文学科。
故选C。
Guanmei,a65-year-oldwomanoftheDongethnicgroup,istheinheritoroftheGrandSongofDong（侗族大
歌），anationalintangibleculturalheritageinChina.HerhometownZaidaiVillageinGuizhou,southwesternChina,
ishometotheGrandSongoftheDongethnicgroup.
TheGrandSongofDongdatesfrommorethan2,500yearsago.ThewayDongsingersusetheirvocalcords
（声带）isdifferentfromhowformallytrainedsingersdo.Itisafolkchoruswithmulti-parts,noconductor,andno
accompaniment.Organicallygrowingfromtheirnaturalsurroundings,itisrecognizedinternationallyas“thesound
ofNature.^^
BeforetheDongpeoplehadawritingsystemin1958,theDongculture,theirhistoryandstorieswereall
recordedbymeansofsongs.AsaDongsayinggoes,"Ricefeedsthebodyandsongsenrichthesoul”.TheDong
peoplesingrightfromtheirchildhood.Whilenotsinging,theyallworkintheirricefield.
GuanmeihasbeensingingtheGrandSongofDongallherlife,makingherafamoussingingteacherinher
hometownandnearbyareas."Thesongsareourmeansofpassingonwisdom,knowledgeandlifeexperiencesto
others.Iwillnotexistinthisworld100yearslater,butGrandsongswill.Tmhonoredtodothisjob,vGuanmei
said.
Kind-hearted,GuanmeihasbeenvolunteeringtoteachtheGrandSongofDongtotheDongchildrenforover
30years.Nowshehasmorethan300students.Guanmeiispleasedtoseethevillagechildrencometoherhouse
willinglywhentheyhavefreetime.
“Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeopleleavethevillageandsettleincities.Decadeslater,theDong
childrenoutofthevillagemightknownothingaboutGrandsongs.Weshoulddosomethingjustnow.It'sour
mission.Whatisoncelostmightbelostforever,addedGuanmei.
24.WhatmakestheGrandSongofDongknownas“thesoundofNature”？
A.Theoutstandingconductor.
B.Thespecialmusicalinstrument.
C.Theattractivenaturalenvironment.
D.Theinspirationfromnature.
25.WhatcanweknowabouttheDongethnicculture
A.TheDongsingersareprofessionals.
B.TheDongculturebefore1958hasbeenlargelylost.
C.SingingisofvitalimportancetotheDongpeople.
D.Theyhaveawrittenlanguagewithahistoryofover2,500years.
26.HowdoesGuanmeifeelaboutthefutureofGrandsongs
A.Concerned.B.Sympathetic.
C.Optimistic.D.Satisfied.
27.Whafstheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage
A.TocallonyoungpeopletoreturntotheDongvillage.
B.ToguidetheDongchildrentolearntheGrandSongofDong.
C.Toshowawoman'seffortstokeeptheDongculturealive.
D.ToinstructpeopletoappreciatetheGrandSongofDong.
【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.C
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThewayDongsingersusetheirvocalcords（声带）isdifferentfromhowformally
trainedsingersdo.Itisafolkchoruswithmulti-parts,noconductor,andnoaccompaniment.Organicallygrowing
fromtheirnaturalsurroundings,itisrecognizedinternationallyas“thesoundofNature.”"（侗族歌手使用声带
的方式，与受过正规训练的歌手不同。这是一个民间合唱团，由多个部分组成，没有指挥，没有伴奏。从
自然环境中有机生长，它被国际公认为“自然之声”）可知，侗族大歌是源自于从自然环境中所得到的灵
感，所以被称为自然之声。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"BeforetheDongpeoplehadawritingsystemin1958,theDongculture,their
historyandstorieswereallrecordedbymeansofsongs."（1958年侗族还没有文字系统之前，侗族文化、侗
族历史和侗族故事都是通过歌曲来记录的。）可知，歌曲在侗族的文化中意义重大。选项C与文意相符，
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Decadeslater,theDongchildrenoutofthevillagemightknownothingabout
Grandsongs.Weshoulddosomethingjustnow.Ifsourmission.Whatisoncelostmightbelostforever,added
Guanmei（"几十年后，村里的侗族孩子可能对大歌一无所知。我们现在应该做点什么。这是我们的任
务。一旦失去，就可能永远失去。”关梅补充道。）可推知，对于侗族大歌的未来，关梅是担忧的。选项
A符合题意，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段aGuanmei,a65-year-oldwomanoftheDongethnicgroup,istheinheritorofthe
GrandSongofDong（侗族大歌）,anationalintangibleculturalheritageinChina."（现年65岁的侗族妇女关梅
是侗族非物质文化遗产侗族大歌的继承人。），第四段中“GuanmeihasbeensingingtheGrandSongofDong
allherlife,makingherafamoussingingteacherinherhometownandnearbyareas.”（关梅一生都在唱侗族大
歌，使她成为了家乡和附近地区著名的歌唱教师。）和第五段“Kind-hearted,Guanmeihasbeenvolunteering
toteachtheGrandSongofDongtotheDongchildrenforover30years."（三十多年来，善良的关梅一直自愿
的努力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
TheBritishloveword-playandthey'reenthusiasticaboutdefendingtheuseoftheirlanguage.Inrecentyears,
booksaboutthegrammar,pronunciationandpunctuation（标点）ofEnglishhavebeenwrittenbythedozen,andsold
extremelywell,reflectingpeople'sloveoftheEnglishlanguage.Peoplewanttodefendthe"correct”useoftheir
language,butalsotopreserveitsabilitytoevolvealongwithsociety.LynneTruss'sbookEats,Shoots&Leavesis
anexcellentexampleofthesetwooppositeideas.Itstitleshowsthewaythatpunctuationcanchangemeaningina
sentence.uEatsshootsandleaves"isaperfectlynormaldescriptionofapanda'sdiet:heeatstheshootsandleaves
ofbambootrees.Butthepositionofthecomma（逗号）turnsthosenounsintoverbs,andmakesuparidiculouslittle
story:thepandaeats（hisdinner）,heshoots（agun）,andheleaves（thebuilding）.It9sasillyjoke,butitshowshow
changingsomethingassimpleasacommacanchangetheentiremeaningofasentence.
Publishedin2003,Eats,Shoots&Leaveswasanunexpectedlyhugesuccess.Itiseasytoassumethetypical
readerofthiskindofbookasthehumourlesstype.However,thebookhassoldthousandsandthousandsofcopies
—itmustbeappealingtoawiderangeofpeople.Thebook'swinningsecretisthis:itmakessomeseriouspoints
aboutlanguageandpunctuation,butalsohasalight-hearteddimension,andusesstoriesandjokestoshowitspoints.
Ithasinvitedsometoughcriticism,too,especiallyfromtheUS.Onabroaderrange,Eats,Shoots&Leaveshas
openedupalotofpublicdebateonTruss'sideas.Whethertheyagreewithherornot,punctuationandgrammarhas
becomeapopulartopictodiscuss.
Ineverygenerationtherewillbepeoplewhothinkthatthestandardoflanguageisindecline,andwhoaremore
thanhappytowritetothenewspaperstoexpresstheirconcernandopinions.Truss'sbookalsoappealstothosewho
thinkthattextingandbloggingisloweringthestandardofliteracy.WhetherthestandardoftheEnglishlanguageis
decreasing,orsimplyevolvingintonewforms,thesuccessofEats,Shoots&Leavesprovesthatthisisasubjectthat
manyEnglishspeakersfindinterestingandimportant.
28.ThetitleofthebookEats,Shoots&Leavesisajokewhichshows.
A.afunnyfeelingB.atrendinwriting
C.afactaboutanimalsD.agrammaticalpoint
29.Thebookhasbeensuccessfulbecause.
A.itcausesconcernforproperuseoflanguageinafunway
B.itshowstheBritishliketoteachEnglishtootherpeople
C.itsolvesaseriousEnglishlanguageproblem
D.itpresentsthenewresearchonEnglish
30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
A.TheEnglishlanguagewasbetterinthepast.
B.TheEnglishlanguageisbeingimprovedbytechnology.
C.ThereisoftendissatisfactionwiththestandardofEnglish.
D.Therehavealwaysbeendebatesontheuseofpunctuation.
31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage
A.TheProblemPunctuationCreatedB.TheDifferenceaCommaMade
C.PublicDebateaboutLanguageStandardsD.ProperUnderstandingofSillyJokes
【答案】28.D29.A30.D31.C
展的能力。LynneTruss的书Eats,Shoots&Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子，它对语言和标点符号提
出了一些严肃的观点，并用故事和笑话来表达观点，这本书取得了巨大的成功。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Itstitleshowsthewaythatpunctuationcanchangemeaninginasentence.（它的
标题展示了标点符号在句子中改变意思的方式）"和"It'sasillyjoke,butitshowshowchangingsomethingas
simpleasacommacanchangetheentiremeaningofasentence.（这是一个愚蠢的笑话，但它表明改变一个逗号
这样简单的事情可以改变整个句子的意思）”可知，Eats,Shoots&Leaves这本书的标题是一个笑话，它揭
示了一个语法点。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thebook'swinningsecretisthis:itmakessomeseriouspointsaboutlanguage
andpunctuation,butalsohasalight-hearteddimension,andusesstoriesandjokestoshowitspoints.（这本书的成
功秘诀在于：它对语言和标点符号提出了一些严肃的观点，但也有轻松愉快的一面，并用故事和笑话来表
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ilhasinvitedsometoughcriticism,too,especiallyfromtheUS.Onabroader
range,Eats,Shoots&LeaveshasopenedupalotofpublicdebateonTruss'sideas.Whethertheyagreewithheror
not,punctuationandgrammarhasbecomeapopulartopictodiscuss.（它也招致了一些严厉的批评，尤其是来自
美国的批评。在更广泛的范围内，四已经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管
议。故选D。
31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“LynneTruss'sbookEats,Shoots&Leavesisanexcellentexampleofthesetwo
oppositeideas.Ilstitleshowsthewaythatpunctuationcanchangemeaninginasentence.（LynneTruss的书Eats,
Shoots&Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子。它的标题显示了标点符号可以改变句子含义的方式）”和
第二段中的“Onabroaderrange,Eats,Shoots&LeaveshasopenedupalotofpublicdebateonTruss'sideas.
Whethertheyagreewithherornot,punctuationandgrammarhasbecomeapopulartopictodiscuss.（在更广泛的
范围内，Eats,Shoots&32己经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管他们是否同意她的观点，
公开辩论。由此可知，PublicDebateaboutLanguageStandards适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
D
Likemanyotherpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage,IoftenhavethesensethatI'maslightlydifferent
personineachofmylanguages—moreconfidentinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,moreemotionalinCzech.Is
itpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralcompass（指南针）alsopointsinsomewhatdifferent
directionsdependingonthelanguageI'musingatthetime
Psychologistswhostudymoraljudgmentshavebecomeveryinterestedinthisquestion.Thefindingsof
severalrecentstudiessuggestthatwhenpeoplearefacedwithmoraldilemmas（困境），theydoindeedrespond
differentlywhenconsideringtheminaforeignlanguagethanwhenusingtheirnativetongue.
Ina2014paperledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe"trolley
problem^^:imaginethatarunawaytrolleyismovingquicklytowardagroupoffivepeoplestandingonthetracks,
unabletomove.Youarenexttoaswitchthatcanmovethetrolleytoadifferentsetoftracks,thereforesparingthe
fivepeople,butresultinginthedeathofonewhoisstandingonthesidetracks.Doyoupulltheswitch
Mostpeopleagreethattheywould.Butwhatiftheonlywaytostopthetrolleyisbypushingalargestranger
offafootbridgeintoitspathPeopletendtobeveryhesitanttosaytheywoulddothis,eventhoughinboth
situations,onepersonissacrificedtosavefive.ButCostaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatpresentingthedilemmaina
languagethatvolunteershadlearnedasaforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirstatedwillingnesstopushthe
sacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%ofrespondentsworkingintheirnativelanguagetoabout
50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.
WhydoesitmatterwhetherwejudgemoralityinournativelanguageoraforeignoneAccordingtoone
explanation,suchjudgmentsinvolvetwoseparateandcompetingwaysofthinking-oneofthese,aquick,natural
“fbeling,“andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber.Whenweuseaforeign
language,weunconsciouslysinkintothemorecarefulwaysimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginournon-native
languagesignalsourcognitive（认知的）systemtopreparefordifficultactivity.
Analternativeexplanationisthatdifferencesarisebetweennativeandforeigntonguesbecauseourchildhood
languagesarefilledwithgreateremotionsthanarethoselearnedinmoreacademicsettings.Asaresult,moral
judgmentsmadeinaforeignlanguagearelessfilledwiththeemotionalreactionsthatsurfacewhenweusea
languagelearnedinchildhood.
There'sstrongevidencethatmemoryconnectsalanguagewiththeexperiencesandinteractionsthroughwhich
thatlanguagewaslearned.Forexample,peoplewhoarebilingual（双语的）aremorelikelytorecallanexperience
ifremindedinthelanguageinwhichthateventoccurred.Ourchildhoodlanguages,learnedinthemiddleof
passionateemotion,becomefilledwithdeepfeeling.Bycomparison,languagesacquiredlateinlife,especiallyif
theyarelearnedthroughlimitedinteractionsintheclassroomordullydeliveredovercomputerscreensand
headphones,enterourmindslackingtheemotionalitythatispresentfortheirnativespeakers.
32.Whatdoes"thisquestion^^inParagraph2referto
A.Whatcontributestoone'slanguageimprovements
B.Isitnecessarytolearnmorethanoneforeignlanguage
C.Doesthelanguageoneusesinfluenceone'smoraljudgments
D.Howdopeopledealwithmoraldilemmasinaforeignlanguage
33.Whenthe"trolleyproblem^^waspresentedinaforeignlanguage,volunteersweremorelikelyto.