英文gi有多种读音，既可读为硬音，亦可读为软音（颚化音）。下面是按《新牛津英汉双解大词典》收录的gi-词汇标音所进行的归类：
一、标为硬音[g]的共86例。
（一）标为/g/共67例。
1、gill/gl/“1.鳃（鱼和一些两栖动物的呼吸器官）。2.（蘑菇和多种伞菌的）菌褶。3.（家禽）下腭垂肉。”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldNorse.
《培根词汇》gill(n.1)：
"organofbreathinginfishes,"early14c.,ofunknownorigin,perhapsrelatedtoScandinavianwords,suchasOldNorsegjlnarwhichperhapsmeans"gills,"andOldDanish-gln(infiske-gln"fishgill");saidtobeultimatelyfromaPIE*ghel-una-"jaw"(cognate:Greekkheilos"lip").
2、gill3/gl/（亦作ghyll）“（尤指森林茂密的）峡谷。”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldNorsegil'deepglen'.ThespellingghyllwasintroducedbyWordsworth.
3、gid/gd/“（羊的）旋回病,脑包虫病,多头蚴病,蹒跚病。”词源：early17thcent.：back-formationfromGIDDY.
4、giddy/gd/“头晕的,眩晕的”词源：OldEnglishgidig'insane',literally'possessedbyagod',fromthebaseofGOD.CurrentsensesdatefromlateMiddleEnglish.《培根词汇》giddy(adj.)：
OldEnglishgidig,variantofgydig"insane,mad,stupid,"perhapsliterally"possessed(byaspirit),"ifitisfromProto-Germanic*gud-iga-"possessedbyagod,"from*gudam"god"(seegod(n.))+*-ig"possessed."Meaning"havingaconfused,swimmingsensation"isfrom1560s(comparesenseevolutionofdizzy).Meaning"elated"isfrom1540s.
5、give/gv/“1.给;递给.2.使有（某种感觉）;提供。3.做（指明的动作）。4.产出。5.给予（某人）应得的（某物）;承认（某事）适用于（某人）。6.说出（或提出）（情况,论点）。7.（在压力下）变形。”词源：OldEnglishgiefan,gefan,ofGermanicorigin;relatedtoDutchgevenandGermangeben.《培根词汇》give(v.)：
OldEnglishgiefan(WestSaxon)"togive,bestow,delivertoanother;allot,grant;commit,devote,entrust,"classVstrongverb(pasttensegeaf,pastparticiplegiefen),fromProto-Germanic*geban(sourcealsoofOldFrisianjeva,MiddleDutchgheven,Dutchgeven,OldHighGermangeban,Germangeben,Gothicgiban),fromPIEroot*ghabh-"togiveorreceive."ItbecameyiveninMiddleEnglish,butchangedtoguttural"g"byinfluenceofOldNorsegefa"togive,"OldDanishgiv.
6、given/gvn/“1.规定的;指明。2.倾向于;易于。3.【律】<古>（文件）（已在某日期由某人）签署的。”《培根词汇》given(adj.)：
late14c.,"allotted,predestined,"past-participleadjectivefromgive(v.).From1560sas"admitted,supposed,allowedasasupposition."Fromlate14c.as"disposed,addicted."MiddleEnglishalsohadanoungive,yeve"thatwhichisgivenorofferedfreely."Themodernnounsenseof"whatisgiven,knownfacts"isfrom1879.Givenname(1827)socalledbecausegivenatbaptism.
7、giveaway/gvwe/“1.（尤指促销时商家所给的）赠品;（为达到某种宣传目的所给的）赠与物。2.无意中的暴露,无意中暴露的事（物）。”
《培根词汇》give-away(n.)：
alsogiveaway,"actofgivingaway,"1872,fromverbalphrasegiveaway,c.1400(ofbridesfrom1719);seegive(v.)+away(adv.).Thephraseinthemeaning"tobetray,expose,reveal"isfrom1878,originallyU.S.slang.HencealsoRelated:give-away(n.)"inadvertentbetrayalorrevelation"(1882).
8、giveback/gvbk/“<北美>福利归还约定（指工人为换取资方新的让步或奖励而放弃先前约定的福利和条件）。”
9、GIF/gf/“【计算机】GIF格式,图形交换格式。”词源：late20thcent.：acronymfromgraphicinterchangeformat.
10、gig/gg/“1.<主史>轻便两轮马车。2.轻便划艇;轻便帆船。”词源：late18thcent.：apparentlyatransferredsenseofobsoletegig'aflightygirl',whichwasalsoappliedtovariousobjectsordevicesthatwhirled.《培根词汇》(n.1)：
"light,two-wheeledcarriage,usuallydrawnbyonehorse"(1791),also"smallboat,"1790,perhapsimitativeofbouncing.TherewasaMiddleEnglishghyg"spinningtop"(inwhyrlegyg,mid-15c.),also"giddygirl"(early13c.,alsogiglet),fromOldNorsegeiga"turnsideways,"orDanishgig"spinningtop."SimilartowordsincontinentalGermanicfor"fiddle"(suchasGermanGeige);theconnectingsensemightbe"rapidorwhirlingmotion."
11、gig2/gg/“（流行音乐,爵士乐）现场演奏会（或预约演奏会）。”词源：1920s：ofunknownorigin.《培根词汇》gig(n.2)：
"job,"originallyintheargotofjazzmusicians,attestedfrom1915butsaidtohavebeeninusec.1905;ofuncertainorigin.Asaverb,by1939.Amongtheearliermeaningsofgigwas"combinationofnumbersinbettinggames"(1847).Gig-economyisattestedfrom2009.
12、gig3/gg/“鱼叉。”词源：early18thcent.：shorteningofearlier（rarelyused）fizgig,probablyfromSpanishfisga'harpoon'.
13、gig4/gg/“【计算机】<非正式>GIGABYTE的简称。”
14、git/gt/“<英,非正式>讨厌的人;卑鄙的人。”词源：1940s：variantofthenounGET（seesense2）.《培根词汇》git(n.)：
"worthlessperson,"1946,Britishslang,asouthernvariantofScottishget"illegitimatechild,brat,"whichisattestedby1706("GregorBurgessprotestedagainstthesaidAllanethatcalledhimawitchgytorbratt"),accordingto"DictionaryoftheScotsLanguage");relatedtobegetonthenotionof"whatisgot."Scotsget,gyt,geitt,etc.alsocanbeanaffectionatetermforachild.
15、GIFT/gft/“医】输卵管内配子转移。”词源：1980s：acronym.
16、gift/gft/“1.赠品;礼物。2.天赋;才能”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldNorsegipt;relatedtoGIVE.《培根词汇》gift(n.)：
mid-13c."thatwhichisgiven"(c.1100insurnames),fromaScandinaviansourcesuchasOldNorsegift,gipt"gift;goodluck,"fromProto-Germanic*geftiz(sourcealsoofOldSaxongift,OldFrisianjefte,MiddleDutchghifte"gift,"GermanMitgift"dowry"),from*geb-"togive,"fromPIEroot*ghabh-"togiveorreceive."ForGermanGift,Dutch,Danish,Swedishgift"poison,"seepoison(n.).
17、giftware/gftwe(r)/“可作礼物的商品。”
gifted/gftd/“有特殊才能（或天赋）的”《培根词汇》gifted(adj.)：
"talented,endowedbynaturewithsomeskillorpower,"1640s,past-participleadjectivefromgift(v.).
18、giga-/gg/“1.表示‘109’。2.【计算机】表示‘230’".词源：fromGreekgigas'giant'.
《培根词汇》giga-：
word-formingelementmeaning"billion"(U.S.)inthemetricsystem,1947,formedarbitrarilyfromGreekgigas"giant"(seegiant).
19、gigabyte/ggbat/（缩略词：GB）“【计算机】（信息单位）十亿字节,千兆字节（109字节,严格地说应是230字节）。《培根词汇》gigabyte(n.)：
1982,fromgiga-"billion"+byte.
20、gigaflop/ggflp/“【计算机】每秒十亿次浮点运算。”词源：1970s：back-formationfromgigaflops（seeGIGA-,-FLOP）.
21、gigahertz/gghts/（缩略词：GHz或gHz）“千兆赫。”
22、gild/gld/“把…镀金。”词源：OldEnglishgyldan,ofGermanicorigin;relatedtoGOLD.”《培根词汇》gild(v.)：
OldEnglishgyldan"togild,tocoverwithathinlayerofgold,"fromProto-Germanic*gulthjan(sourcealsoofOldNorsegylla"togild,"OldHighGermanubergulden"tocoverwithgold"),verbfrom*gultham"gold"(seegold).
23、gild2/gld/“<古>同GUILD.”
gilded/gldd/“镀金的;包金的;有黄金涂层的”《培根词汇》gilded(adj.)：
1560s,past-participleadjectivefromgild(v.).LateOldEnglishhadgegylde;MiddleEnglishhadgilden(adj.).Inmodernusethemoredignifiedpastparticipleofgild,alternativetogilt.Shakespeare'slilieswerenevergilded;thequote("KingJohn,"iv.2)is,"Togildrefinedgold,topaintthelily."GildedAgeasanerainU.S.history(roughly1870-1900)isfromthenovel"TheGildedAge"byMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarner,publishedin1873.
24、gilding/gld/“镀金,涂金,贴金。”《培根词汇》gilding(n.)：
mid-15c.,"actionofgilding;"1630s,"goldensurfaceproducedbygilding;"verbalnounfromgild(v.).
25、gilt/glt/“镀金的;烫金的;涂金的。”词源：MiddleEnglish：archaicpastparticipleofGILD1.《培根词汇》gilt(adj.)：
"gilded,"c.1400,pastparticipleofMiddleEnglishgilden"togild,"fromOldEnglishgyldan(seegild(v.)).Alsousedasanounwithasenseof"gilding"(early15c.).
gilt2/glt/“小母猪。”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldNorsegyltr.
26、gilt-edged/gltedd/“（纸张或书籍）边缘涂金的,有金边的。”
27、gimp1/gmp/（亦作guimp或gymp）“1.嵌芯辫带（绞股真丝、精纺毛纱或棉纱,中有细绳或金属丝穿过,主要用作沙发、软椅等被覆材料的边饰）,镶边饰带。2.（用金属丝绕在丝质钓鱼线上的）加固钓鱼线。”词源：mid17thcent.：fromDutch,ofunknownultimateorigin.《培根词汇》gimp(n.2)：
alsogymp,ornamentalmaterialfortrimmingdresses,furniture,etc.,1660s,probablyfromFrenchguimpe,OldFrenchguimple"wimple,headdress,veil"(12c.),fromFrankish*wimpil-orsomeotherGermanicsource(compareOldHighGermanwimpal,andseewimple).
28、gimp2/gmp/“残疾人;瘸子。”词源：1920s（originallyUS）：ofunknownorigin.
《培根词汇》gimp(n.1)：
1925,"acrippledleg,"also"acrippledperson"(1929),perhapsbyassociationwithlimp,oracorruptionofgammy(seegame(adj.)).
29、gink/gk/“非正式,主北美愚蠢的人;可鄙的人。”词源：early20thcent.（originallyUS）：ofunknownorigin.《培根词汇》gink(n.)：
"afellow,man,"AmericanEnglishslang,1910,ofunknownorigin.
30、girn/gn/“同GURN.”gurn/gn/（亦作girn）“1.<英>做怪相,做鬼脸。2.<主苏格兰,主爱尔兰>大发牢骚,气愤地抱怨。”词源：early20thcent.：dialectvariantofGRIN.
31、gismo/gzm/“同GIZMO.”gizmo/gzm/（亦作gismo）“<非正式>（尤指名称不详或一时想不起的）小（机械）装置,小器械,小玩意儿”词源：1940s（originallyUS）：ofunknownorigin.《培根词汇》gizmo(n.)：
1942,"MarineandNavyusageforanyoldthingyoucan'tputanameto"["Life"magazine,July30,1945],ofunknownorigin,perhapsamade-upword.
32、Gibbon/gbn/（读如‘吉本’）“Gibbon1,Edward吉本,爱德华（1737-1794,英国历史学家,最著名的作品是多卷本《罗马帝国衰亡史》[1776-1788],其中几章因对基督教的传播有所批评而引起争议）。”Gibbon/gbn/的实际读音是吉本/bn/。Gibbon2/gbn/“Gibbon2,LewisGrassic吉本,刘易斯·格拉西克（1901-1935,苏格兰作家,原名詹姆斯·莱斯利·米切尔,1927年起他的短篇小说就定期发表在《康希尔杂志》上,包括三部曲《苏格兰书》[1932-1934]）。”Gi的标音为/g/实际读音为//。
33、gibbon/gbn/（读如‘给本’）“长臂猿。”词源：late18thcent.：fromFrench,fromanIndiandialectword.《培根词汇》gibbon(n.)：
long-armedapeoftheEastIndies,1770,fromFrenchgibbon(18c.),supposedlyfromawordintheFrenchcoloniesofIndiabutnotfoundinanylanguagethere.BroughttoEuropebyMarquisJoseph-FranoisDupleix(1697-1763),FrenchgovernorgeneralinIndia1742-54.ThesurnameisOldFrenchGiboin,fromFrankish*Geba-win"gift-friend,"orinsomecasesadiminutiveofGibb,itselfafamiliarformofGilbert.
34、Gibbons/gbnz/（读如‘吉本斯’）“Gibbons1,Grinling吉本斯,格林林（1648-1721,出生于荷兰的英国雕塑家。因其装饰性雕刻作品而著名,主要是木雕,如伦敦圣保罗大教堂唱诗班坐席）”Gibbons2/gbnz/“Gibbons2,Orlando吉本斯,奥兰多（1583-1625,英国作曲家和音乐家,1623年起任威斯敏斯特教堂风琴手,主要进行圣乐创作,也因《银色天鹅》[1612]等牧歌知名）。”
35、gibbous/gbs/（读如‘吉本斯’）“（月亮）光亮部分大于半圆的。”词源：lateMiddleEnglish：fromlateLatingibbosus,fromLatingibbus'hump'.
《培根词汇》gibbous(adj.)：
c.1400,"bulging,convex,"fromLateLatingibbus"hunchbacked,"fromLatingibbus"ahump,ahunch,"asanadjective,"bulging,"fromProto-Italic*gifri-"hump,"*gifro-"hump-backed,"ofuncertainorigin.DeVaansuggestsaPIE*geibh-,withpossiblecognatesinLithuaniangeibus"gawky,plump,"geibstu,geibti"becomeweak;"Norwegiandialectkeiv"slanted,wrong,"keiva"lefthand,"perhapsunitedbyageneralsenseof"bodilydefect."Ofthemoonfromearly15c.;alsousedfrom15c.ofhunchbacks
36、Gibson1/gbsn/“Gibson1,Althea吉布森,阿西娅（1927-2003,美国网球运动员,第一位达到网球顶级水平的黑人女选手,20世纪50年代末获得全部主要的世界女子单打冠军称号）。”同样是人名Gibran纪伯伦中的Gi却发生颚化而读作/dbrɑn/。虽然该名中gi的标音和实际读音皆是[g]，但是由于汉语已经没有[gi]故而译作吉[i]。
37、Gielgud/glgd/“Gielgud,Sir(Arthur)John吉尔古德,（阿瑟·）约翰爵士（1904-2000,英国演员、导演,以演莎士比亚戏剧闻名,尤其是他对哈姆雷特的演绎令人难忘;同时也演现代戏剧及电影,并于1980年因在《亚瑟》中扮演的男管家夺得奥斯卡奖）。”
38、Gilbert/glbt/（读如‘狗不特’）“Gilbert1,SirHumphrey吉尔伯特,汉弗莱爵士（约1539-1583,英国探险家,于1583年为伊丽莎白一世提出对纽芬兰的拥有权,但在归途暴风雨中沉船失踪）。”Gilbert2/glbt/“Gilbert2,William吉尔伯特,威廉（1544-1603,英国内科医师和物理学家,发现制造磁铁的方法并创造了“磁极”一词,所著《论磁石、磁体和地球大磁石》一书[1600]是有关物理学的早期重要著作）。”Gilbert3/glbt/“Gilbert3,SirW.S.吉尔伯特,W·S爵士（1836-1911,英国剧作家,全名威廉·施文克·吉尔伯特,著名歌剧唱词作者,与作曲家阿瑟·沙利文爵士合作创作轻歌剧,代表作品有：《皇家海军舰艇围裙号》[1878]、《彭赞斯的海盗》[1879]、《日本天皇》[1885]）。”（读如‘狗伯特’）《培根词汇》Gilbert：
masc.propername,fromOldFrenchGuillebert(fromOldHighGermanWilliberht,literally"abrightwill")orOldFrenchGilebert,fromGisilbert,literally"abrightpledge,"fromOldHighGermangisil"pledge,"aCelticloan-word(compareOldIrishgiall"pledge")+beorht"bright"(fromPIEroot*bhereg-"toshine;bright,white.").Itwasthecommonnameforamalecat(especiallyinshortformGib)fromc.1400(seeTom).Asaunitofmagneto-motiveforce,ithonorsEnglishphysicistWilliamGilbert(1544-1603).FortheGilbertIslands,seeKiribati.
39、Gilbertese/glbtiz/（读如‘救不提日’）“（与）吉尔伯特群岛（有关）的”/gl/的实际发音是/u/。
40、Gissing/gs/（读如‘吉森’）“Gissing,George(Robert)吉辛,乔治（·罗伯特）（1857-1903,英国小说家,代表作品有《新格鲁勃街》[1891]、《在流亡中降生》[1892]、《亨利·赖伊克罗夫特的私人书信集》[1903]）。”/g/的实际发音是吉//。
41、Ginsberg/gnzbg/（读如‘亘似堡’）“Ginsberg,Allen金斯堡,艾伦（1926-1997,美国诗人,垮掉的一代的主要诗人,后对20世纪60年代的嬉皮运动曾产生重大影响,著名作品有《嚎叫及其他诗》[1956],该诗集抨击了美国社会的物质至上主义和自满情绪）。”
42、Gisborne/gzbn/（读如‘革似本’）“吉斯伯恩（新西兰北岛东海岸上的港口和度假胜地,2006年估计人口32,500）。”
43、Gilgamesh/glgme/（读如‘亘个满洗’）“吉尔伽美什（传说中苏美尔城邦乌鲁克的国王,据说在公元前第三个千年前半期的某一时期中曾经为王,是巴比伦史诗《吉尔伽美什》中的主人公,诗中描述他为求长生不老所建的种种业绩,但终究未能如愿）。”
44、Gillespie/glesp/（读如‘格莱似比’）“吉莱斯皮,迪齐（1917-1993,美国爵士乐小号演奏名家和乐队领奏,出生名约翰·伯克斯·吉莱斯皮,是比博普风格的主要代表人物）。”
45、Gilsonite/glsnat/“<商标>硬沥青（用于制墨水、颜料和清漆）。”词源：late19thcent.：namedafterSamuelH.Gilson,19th-cent.Americanmineralogist,+-ITE1.
46、Gillingham/glm/（读如‘吉灵厄姆’）“吉灵厄姆（英格兰东南部肯特郡一城镇,在梅德韦河口,2009年估计人口96,300）。”/g/的实际发音是吉//。
47、Gish/g/（读如‘革洗’）“Gish,Lillian基什,莉莲（1896-1993,美国女演员,与其妹多萝西[1898-1968]出演过数部D·W·格里菲思的电影,包括《世界之心》[1918]和《暴风雨中的孤儿》[1922]）。”
48、Gibbs2/gbz/“Gibbs2,JosiahWillard吉布斯,乔赛亚·威拉德（1839-1903,美国物理化学家,化学热力学和统计力学的先驱,但其理论研究直至死后才得到重视）。”
49、gibberbird/gbbd/（读如‘吉布保特’）“<澳>南澳[即鸟]。”词源：gibberfromGIBBER2./g/的实际发音是吉//。gibber的发音是/db(r)/。
50、gittern/gtn/（读如‘给坦’）“<史>吉坦（中世纪一种类似琉特琴的弦乐器,吉他的前身）。”词源：lateMiddleEnglish：fromOldFrenchguiterne;perhapsrelatedtoCITTERNandGUITAR.《培根词汇》gittern(n.)：
oldwire-strunginstrumentlikeaguitar,late14c.,fromOldFrenchguiterne,obscurelyfromLatincithara,fromGreekkithara(seeguitar).
51、gizzard/gzd/“砂囊（鸟类动物胃中的一个部分）,肫,胗。”词源：lateMiddleEnglishgiser：fromOldFrench,basedonLatingigeria'cookedentrailsoffowl'.Thefinal-dwasaddedinthe16thcent.《培根词汇》gizzard(n.)：
"stomachofabird,"late14c.,fromOldFrenchgisier"entrails,giblets(ofabird)"(13c.,ModernFrenchgésier),probablyfromVulgarLatin*gicerium,adissimilationofLatingigeria(neuterplural)"cookedentrailsofafowl,"adelicacyinancientRome,fromPIE*yekwr-"liver"(seehepatitis).Theunetymological-dwasadded1500s(perhapsonanalogyof-ardwords).Laterextendedtootheranimals,and,jocularly,tohumanbeings(1660s).
52、gibbsite/gbzat/“三水铝石。”词源：early19thcent.：namedafterGeorgeGibbs（1776-1833）,Americanmineralogist,+-ITE1.
53、gimmick/gmk/“（为吸引注意、做宣传或招徕生意而搞的）花招;手法;噱头。”词源：1920s（originallyUS）：ofunknownoriginbutpossiblyanapproximateanagramofmagic,theoriginalsensebeing'apieceofmagicians'apparatus'.
《培根词汇》gimmick(n.)：
1910,AmericanEnglish,perhapsanalterationofgimcrack,orananagramofmagic.
gimmickry/gmkr/“［总称］花招;耍花招,玩弄伎俩。”《培根词汇》gimmickry(n.)：
alsogimmickery,by1950,fromgimmick+-ry.
54、gingham/gm/“方格棉布”词源：early17thcent.：fromDutchgingang,fromMalaygenggang（originallyanadjectivemeaning'striped'）.《培根词汇》gingham(n.)：
cottonfabricwovenofplaindyedyarns,1610s,fromDutchgingang,atraders'renderingofaMalay(Austronesian)wordsaidtobeginggang,meaning"striped"[OED],orelse"perishable,fading"[CenturyDictionary],usedasanounwiththesenseof"stripedcotton."AlsofromthesamesourceareFrenchguingan(18c.),Spanishguinga,Italiangingano,Germangingang.
55、giddap/gdp/“<北美>同GIDDY-UP.”
56、giddy-up/gdp/“驾！（让马走或快走）”词源：1920s（originallyUSasgiddap）：reproducingapronunciationofgetup.
《培根词汇》giddy-up(interj.)：
commandtoahorsetogo,1909,probablyanextendedformofearliergiddap(1867),itselfprobablyfromgetup.Comparegee.
57、Gideon/gdn/“1.基甸（《圣经》中的以色列人领导,《士师记》6:11ff有对他的描述）。2.基甸国际的成员。”《培根词汇》Gideon(n.)：
masc.propername,nameofanIsraelitejudgeandwarrior[Judgesvi:11-viii:25],fromHebrewGidh'on,literally"feller,"fromstemofgadha"hecutoff,hewed,felled."InreferencetotheBiblepropagationsociety,1906,formallyChristianCommercialYoungMen'sAssociationofAmerica,founded1899.ThehotelroomGideonBiblesocalledby1922.
58、gidgee/gdi/“<澳>小相思树。”词源：mid19thcent.：fromWiradhurigijir.
59、giggle/ggl/“（紧张做作地）轻笑;傻笑”词源：early16thcent.：imitative.
《培根词汇》giggle(v.)：
c.1500,probablyimitative.Related:Giggled;giggling;giggly.Asanounfrom1570s
60、gilgai/glga/“<澳>雨水坑。”词源：fromWiradhuriandKamilaroigilgaay.
61、gillie/gl/（亦作ghillie）“1.（苏格兰）猎人（或渔人）助手。2.吉里鞋,随从鞋（尤指苏格兰乡村舞蹈用的无舌系带鞋）。”词源：late16thcent.：fromScottishGaelicgille'lad,servant'.Thewordwasalsofoundinthetermgilliewetfoot,denotingaservantwhocarriedthechiefoverastream,usedasacontemptuousnamebyLowlandersforthefollowerofaHighlandchief.Sense2datesfromthe1930s.
62、gimlet/gmlt/“1.T形手钻。2.兼烈鸡尾酒（用杜松子酒或伏特加酒加酸橙汁调制而成）。”词源；MiddleEnglish：fromOldFrenchguimbelet,diminutiveofguimble'drill',ultimatelyofGermanicorigin.《培根词汇》gimlet(n.)：
typeofboringtool,mid-14c.,gymbelette,fromAnglo-FrenchandOldFrenchguimbelet,guibelet(12c.,ModernFrenchgibelet),whichisprobablyofGermanicorigin,perhapsfromMiddleDutchwimmelkijn(withsubstituteofFrenchdiminutivesuffix),diminutiveofwimmel"auger,drill,"whichisperhapsfromanasalizedformofPIEroot*weip-"toturn"onthenotionof"Thatwhichturnsinboring."MiddleEnglishalsohadwimbleinthesamesense(mid-13c.),probablyfromanOldNorthFrenchformofthesameword.
63、ginkgo/gkg/（亦作gingko）“银杏。”词源：late18thcent.：fromJapaneseginkyō,fromChineseyinxing.《培根词汇》ginkgo(n.)：
1773,fromJapaneseginkyo,fromChineseyin-hing,fromyin"silver"+hing"apricot"(Sino-Japanesekyo).IntroducedtoNewWorld1784byWilliamHamiltoninhisgardennearPhiladelphia;alsoformerlyknownasthemaidenhair-tree(1773),fromresemblanceofthetree'sleavestothemaidenhairfern(late14c.).
64、ginnel/gnl/“<北英格兰>建筑物间的狭窄通道;小巷。”词源：early17thcent.：perhapsfromFrenchchenel'channel'.
65、gimme/gmi/“（非规范用法）同giveme”《培根词汇》gimme(v.)：
by1828,representingthecolloquialcontractionofgiveme.Tohavethegimmes"beeagerlygreedy"isfrom1918;gimmecapattestedby1978.MiddleEnglishhadyemme,gemme,contractionsofyeveme(MiddleEnglishformofgiveme).
66、ginzo/gnz/“意大利人;意大利血统的人。”词源：mid20thcent.：perhapsfromUSslangGuinea,denotinganItalianorSpanishimmigrant.
67、Gijón/ghn,<西>xixon/（读如‘吉近’）“希洪（西班牙北部一港口和工业城市,位于比斯开湾,2008年人口275,699）。”/g/的实际发音是吉//。
其中标音为/g/实际读音为//共8例:Gibbon/gbn/,Gibbons/gbnz/,gibbous/gbs/,Gilbertese/glbtiz/,Gissing/gs/,Gillingham/glm/,gibberbird/gbbd/,Gijón/ghn/。gibberbird/gbbd/中的/g/读//显然是受gibber发音影响/db(r)/所致。标音为/g/、读音却是//表明英语仍在发生/g/＞//音转。
（二）标为/g/共13例。
1、gird/gd/（读如‘拐特’）“<诗/文>用带束（人,人体部分）”词源：OldEnglishgyrdan,ofGermanicorigin;relatedtoDutchgordenandGermangürten,alsotoGIRDLE1andGIRTH.《培根词汇》gird(v.)：
OldEnglishgyrdan"putabeltorgirdlearound;encircle;bindwithflexiblematerial;investwithattributes,"fromProto-Germanic*gurdjan(sourcealsoofOldNorsegyrea,OldSaxongurdian,OldFrisiangerda,Dutchgorden,OldHighGermangurtan,Germangürten),fromPIE*ghr-dh-,suffixedformofroot*gher-(1)"tograsp,enclose."Related:Girded;girding.
2、gird2/gd/“说刺人的话;强烈批评”词源：MiddleEnglish（inthesense'strike,stab'）：ofunknownorigin.
3、girdle/gdl/“腰带;腰绳。”词源：OldEnglishgyrdel,ofGermanicorigin;relatedtoDutchgordelandGermanGürtel,alsotoGIRD1andGIRTH.
4、girdle2/gdl/“<苏格兰,北英格兰>同GRIDDLE（义项1）。”词源；lateMiddleEnglish：variantofGRIDDLE.
《培根词汇》girdle(n.)：
OldEnglishgyrdel"belt,sash,corddrawnaboutthewaistandfastened,"wornbybothmenandwomen,commonGermanic(cognates:OldNorsegyreill,Swedishgrdel,OldFrisiangerdel,Dutchgordel,OldHighGermangurtil,GermanGürtel"belt"),relatedtoOldEnglishgyrdan"togird,"fromPIEroot*gher-(1)"tograsp,enclose"withinstrumentalsuffix-el(1).Moderneuphemisticsenseof"elasticcorsetnotextendingabovethewaist"firstrecorded1925.Originallyabelttosecuretheclothes,alsoforcarryingapurse,aweapon,keys,etc.
5、girdler/gdl(r)/“1.<古>腰带制造者。2.（在树皮上咬出环形槽的）旋枝甲虫”
6、girt/gt/（读如‘嘎特’）“GIRD1的过去分词。”《培根词汇》girt(v.)：
c.1400asalternativeformofgird;alsopasttenseandpastparticipleofgird.
girt2/gt/“<旧>同GIRTH.”
7、girl/gl/（读如‘狗[gu]’）“1.女孩。2.（较）年轻女子。”词源：MiddleEnglish（denotingachildoryoungpersonofeithersex）：perhapsrelatedtoLowGermangr'child'.《培根词汇》girl(n.)：
c.1300,gyrle"child,youngperson"(ofeithersexbutmostfrequentlyoffemales),ofunknownorigin.Oneguess[OED]leanstowardanunrecordedOldEnglish*gyrele,fromProto-Germanic*gurwilon-,diminutiveof*gurwjoz(apparentlyalsorepresentedbyLowGermangre"boy,girl,"Norwegiandialectalgorre,Swedishdialectalgurre"smallchild,"thoughtheexactrelationship,ifany,betweenalltheseisobscure),fromPIE*ghwrgh-,alsofoundinGreekparthenos"virgin."Butthisinvolvessomeobjectionablephilology.
8、girlie/gl/（亦作girly）“<非正式>［常用作称呼］姑娘。”
《培根词汇》girlie(adj.)：
"meanttotitillatemen,featuringattractivewomenscantilycladornude,"by1936;seegirl+-y(2).Girlie(n.)wasusedby1921inaslangsenseof"bimbo,floozie."
9、girlish/gl/“女孩子似的;女孩子所特有的”《培根词汇》girlish(adj.)：
1560s,"likeorbefittingagirl,"fromgirl+-ish.
10、girlhood/glhd/“少女时期,少女时代”《培根词汇》girlhood(n.)：
1785,fromgirl+-hood.
11、girlfriend/glfrend/“（有恋爱或性关系的）女朋友。”
《培根词汇》girlfriend(n.)：
alsogirl-friend,by1859as"awoman'sfemalefriendinyouth,"fromgirl+friend(n.).Asaman'ssweetheart,by1922.She-friendwasused17c.inthesamesetofsenses,ofthemistressofamanandofawomanwhoisaclosefriendofanother.
12、girth/gθ/（读如‘革富’）“1.（人的）腰围;（在物体中段量得的）围长。2.（系马鞍的）肚带。”词源：MiddleEnglish（insense2）：fromOldNorsegjrth.
《培根词汇》girth(n.)：
c.1300,"beltaroundahorse'sbody,"fromOldNorsegjore"girdle,belt,hoop,"fromProto-Germanic*gertu-(cfGothicgairda"girdle"),fromthesamesourceasgirdleandgird.Senseof"measurementaroundanobject"firstrecorded1640s.
13、girder/gd(r)/（读如‘拐达’）“（桥梁或大型建筑框架的）大梁,桁架。”词源：early17thcent.：fromGIRD1inthearchaicsense'brace,strengthen'.
《培根词汇》girder(n.)：
"mainsupportingwoodenbeamthatcarriesflooring,"1610s,agentnounfromgird,onnotionofsomethingthat"holdsup"somethingelse.Usedofironbridgesupportsfrom1853.
（三）标为/gi/共5例。
1、gi/gi/“（柔道运动员穿的）白色束腰宽松服。”词源：Japanese.
2、gie/gi/“<苏格兰>同GIVE.”
3、Gifu/gifu/“岐阜（日本中部城市,位于本州岛,2007年人口413,099）。”
4、Gita/git/“BHAGAVADGITA的简称。”Bhagavadgita/bgvdgit/“【印度教】《福者之歌》,《世尊歌》（印度叙事诗,创作于公元前2世纪与公元2世纪之间,并入《摩诃婆罗多》,记述刹帝利王子阿朱那与其战车御者黑天神的对话,强调尽职与忠于神的重要性）。亦称GITA。”
5、Giza/giz/“吉萨（埃及北部一城市,位于开罗西南,尼罗河西岸,是金字塔和狮身人面像所在地;2006年估计人口2,891,300;阿拉伯语名ALJIZAH）。亦称ELGIZA.”
（四）标为/ga/共1例。
GIGO/gag/“garbagein,garbageout无用输入输出。”这个缩略语的辅音按单词中的读音（而不是按字母发音）发音、元音按字母读音（而不是按单词中的发音）发音。
二、标为软音（颚化音）[d]的共54例。
（一）标为/d/共42例。
1、Gib/db/“<英>GIBRALTAR的简称。”
2、Gill/dl/“Gill,(Arthur)Eric(Rowton)吉尔,（亚瑟·）埃里克（·罗顿）（1882-1940,英国雕塑家,镌版家和排版设计师,最有名的雕刻是威斯敏斯特大教堂的浮雕作品《耶稣受难像》[1914-1918]和伦敦广播大厦的《普罗斯彼罗与埃丽厄尔》[1931],他设计了首个无衬线字体,即吉尔无衬线字体）。”
《培根词汇》Gill(n.)：
fem.propername,shortenedformofGillian.AlsoseeJill.Gill-flirt"giddyyoungwoman"isfrom1630s.《培根词汇》Gillian：
fem.propername,fromFrenchJuliane,fromLateLatinJuliana(asaint'sname),fem.ofIulianus,literally"ofJulius,"theRomangensname(seeJulius).
3、gill2/dl/“吉耳（液量单位,等于1/4品脱）。”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldFrenchgille'measureorcontainerforwine',fromlateLatingillo'waterpot'.《培根词汇》gill(n.2)：
liquidmeasure(commonlyahalf-pint),late13c.,fromOldFrenchgille,awinemeasure,andfromMedievalLatingillo"earthenwarejar,"wordsofuncertainorigin,perhapsrelatedtothesourceofgallon.
4、gill4/dl/（亦作jill）“1.<贬>年轻女子。2.母雪貂。”词源：lateMiddleEnglish：abbreviationofthegivennameGillian.jill/dl/“同GILL4.”
《培根词汇》Jill：
fem.propername,MiddleEnglishJille,Jylle,Gille,etc.,familiarshorteningofJillian,Gillian,whichrepresentthecommonMiddleEnglishpronunciationofJuliana(seeGillian).
5、gin/dn/“1.杜松子酒。2.金罗美（拉米纸牌戏的一种,玩牌者手中未摊出的牌为10张或少于10张时可摊牌叫停从而获胜）。”词源：early18thcent.：abbreviationofGENEVER.《培根词汇》(n.1)：
typeofdistilleddrinkingalcohol,1714,shorteningofgeneva,altered(byinfluenceofthenameoftheSwisscity,withwhichithasnoconnection)fromDutchgenever"gin,"literally"juniper"(becausethealcoholwasflavoredwithitsberries),fromOldFrenchgenevre"theplantjuniper"(12c.),fromVulgarLatin*jeniperus,fromLatinjuniperus"juniper"(seejuniper).
6、gin2/dn/“1.轧棉机,轧花机。2.三脚起重机;起重装置。”词源：MiddleEnglish（inthesense'atoolordevice,atrick'）：fromOldFrenchengin（seeENGINE）.《培根词汇》(n.2)：
"machineforseparatingcottonfromseeds,"1796,AmericanEnglish,usedearlierofothermachineries,especiallyofwarortorture,fromMiddleEnglishgin"ingeniousdevice,contrivance"(c.1200),fromOldFrenchgin"machine,device,scheme,"shortenedformofengin(seeengine).Theverbinthissenseisrecordedfrom1789.
7、gin3/dn/“<澳,贬>女性土著,女性土人。”词源：fromDharukdiyin'woman,wife'.
8、gip/dp/“同GYP1.”gyp1/dp/（亦作gip）“<英,非正式>疼痛;不适”词源；late19thcent.：perhapsfromgee-up（seeGEE2）.《培根词汇》gip：
attestedfrom1840asanabbreviationofgipsy(alsoseegypsy).Alsoseegyp.
1711,"therealpoint"(ofalawcase,etc.),fromAnglo-Frenchlegalesephrasessuchascestactiongist"thisactionlies,"fromOldFrenchgisten"itconsistsin,itliesin,"fromgist(ModernFrenchgt),thirdpersonsingularpresentindicativeofgésir"tolie,"fromLatiniacet"itlies,"fromiacēre"tolie,rest,"relatedtoiacere"tothrow"(fromPIEroot*ye-"tothrow,impel").Extendedsenseof"essence"firstrecorded1823.
10、gilet/dle/“（有软衬的）轻便马甲。”词源：late19thcent.：French,'waistcoat',fromSpanishjileco,fromTurkishyelek.该词进入英语之时（19世纪末），gil的读音可能是[jil]。
11、gippo/dp/“同GYPPO.”gyppo/dp/（亦作gippo）“<非正式,贬>吉卜赛人。”
12、gipsy/dps/“同GYPSY.”gypsy/dps/（亦作gipsy）“1.吉卜赛人（指到处流动的吉卜赛民族人,皮肤和头发黝黑,操与印地语有关的罗姆语,传统上以做季节工、流动商及算命为生,现多数居于欧洲、北非部分地区和北美,但被认为原居于印度次大陆）。2.<非正式>流浪者;心灵自由者”词源：mid16thcent.：originallygipcyan，shortforEGYPTIAN（becausegypsieswerepopularlysupposedtohavecomefromEgypt）.
《培根词汇》Gypsy(n.)：
alsogipsy,c.1600,alterationofgypcian,aworn-downMiddleEnglishdialectalformofegypcien"Egyptian,"fromthesupposedoriginofthepeople.Asanadjective,from1620s.CompareBritishgippy(1889)amodernshortenedcolloquialformofEgyptian.CognatewithSpanishGitanoandcloseinsensetoTurkishandArabicKipti"gypsy,"literally"Coptic;"butinMiddleFrenchtheywereBohémien(seebohemian),andinSpanishalsoFlamenco"fromFlanders.""Thegipsiesseemdoomedtobeassociatedwithcountrieswithwhichtheyhavenothingtodo"[Weekley].Zingari,theItalianandGermanname,isofunknownorigin.Romanyisfromthepeople'sownlanguage,apluraladjectiveformofrom"man."GipsywasthepreferredspellinginEngland.Thenameisalsoinextendeduseappliedto"apersonexhibitinganyofthequalitiesattributedtoGipsies,asdarknessofcomplexion,trickeryintrade,artsofcajolery,and,especiallyasappliedtoayoungwoman,playfulfreedomorinnocentroguishnessofactionormanner"[CenturyDictionary].Asanadjectivefrom1620swithasense"unconventional;outdoor."《培根词汇》Gipsy(n.)：
alternativespellingofGypsy.OEDgivesitprecedence,anditisthemainformfortheword'sentryinCenturyDictionary,butFowlerwritesthat"thefirstyishighlysignificant,remindingusthatGypsymeansEgyptian...."
13、gipsywort/dpswt/“同GYPSWORT.”
14、gibber/db(r)/“（尤指因惊吓而）口齿不清、急急忙忙地说”词源：early17thcent.：imitative.《培根词汇》gibber(v.)：
"speakrapidlyandinarticulately,"c.1600,probablyaback-formationfromgibberish.
15、gibber2/db(r)/（读如‘给罢’）“<澳>风棱石,风刻石。”词源：fromDharukgiba'stone'.//的实际读音却是/g/。而gibberbird/gbbd/（读如‘吉布保特’）“<澳>南澳[即鸟]。”词源：gibberfromGIBBER2./g/的实际发音却是吉//。
16、gibbet/dbt/“绞刑架,绞台。”词源：MiddleEnglish：fromOldFrenchgibet'staff,cudgel,gallows',diminutiveofgibe'club,staff',probablyofGermanicorigin.《培根词汇》gibbet(n.)：
early13c.,"gallows,"fromOldFrenchgibet"gallows;abentstick,smallstickwithacross"(13c.),diminutiveofgibe"club;hoe,"perhapsfromFrankish*gibb"forkedstick.""OriginallysynonymouswithGALLOWSsb.,butinlaterusesignifyinganuprightpostwithprojectingarmfromwhichthebodiesofcriminalswerehunginchainsorironsafterexecution"[OED].
17、Gibran/dbrɑn/（亦作Jubran）“纪伯伦,哈利勒（1883-1931,出生于黎巴嫩的美国作家和艺术家,其作品用阿拉伯语或英语写就,富于浪漫色彩,表现了作者本人笃信宗教的神秘主义精神世界）。”同样是人名，Gibson吉布森中的Gi未发生颚化而读作/gbsn/。
18、gimbal/dmbl/“（在航行的船只或飞机上使罗盘等仪器保持水平位置的）常平架,平衡环。”词源：late16thcent.（usedinthepluraldenotingconnectingpartsinmachinery）：variantofearliergimmal,itselfavariantoflateMiddleEnglishgemel'twin,hinge,fingerringwhichcanbedividedintotworings',fromOldFrenchgemel'twin',fromLatingemellus,diminutiveofgeminus.《培根词汇》gimbal(n.)：
1570s,"joints,connectinglinks,"alterationofgemel"twins"(late14c.),fromOldFrenchjumel"atwin"(12c.,ModernFrenchjumeau),fromLatingemellus,diminutiveofgeminus(adj.)"twin,borntogether"(seegeminate).Asatypeofcontrivanceforsecuringfreemotioninsuspension,by1780.Related:Gimbals.Gemmels(plural)wasMiddleEnglishfor"twins"(late14c.),also"Gemini,"fromOldFrenchgemeles;hencealsogemelring,adoublefinger-ringthatmaybetakenapart;alsogimmal.
19、ginger/dnd(r)/“1.姜（指作为调味香料的姜,用姜属植物的根茎制成）,生姜。2.姜（产于东南亚,外表似竹）。3.姜黄色。”词源：lateOldEnglishgingifer,conflatedinMiddleEnglishwithOldFrenchgingimbre,frommedievalLatingingiber,fromGreekzingiberis,fromPalisigivera,ofDravidianorigin.《培根词汇》ginger(n.)：
mid-14c.,fromOldEnglishgingifer,gingiber,fromLateLatingingiber,fromLatinzingiberi,fromGreekzingiberis,fromPrakrit(MiddleIndic)singabera,fromSanskritsrngaveram,fromsrngam"horn"+vera-"body,"socalledfromtheshapeofitsroot.ButthismaybeSanskritfolketymology,andthewordmaybefromanancientDravidianwordthatalsoproducedtheMalayalamnameforthespice,inchi-ver,frominchi"root."
20、gingerbread/dndbred/“姜饼。”词源：MiddleEnglish（originallydenotingpreservedginger）,fromOldFrenchgingembrat,frommedievalLatingingibratum,fromgingiber（seeGINGER）.Thechangeintheendinginthe15thcent.wasduetoassociationwithBREAD.《培根词汇》gingerbread(n.)：
late13c.,gingerbrar,"preservedginger,"fromOldFrenchginginbrat"gingerpreserve,"fromMedievalLatingingimbratus"gingered,"fromgingiber(seeginger).Theendingchangedbyfolketymologyto-brede"bread,"aformationattestedbymid-14c.Meaning"sweetcakespicedwithginger"isfrom15c.Figurativeuse,indicatinganythingconsideredshowyandinsubstantial,isfromc.1600.Senseof"fussydecorationonahouse"isfirstrecorded1757;gingerbread-work(1748)wasasailor'stermforcarveddecorationonaship.Gingerbread-manasaconfectionisfrom1850;therhyme("TheChaseoftheGingerbreadMan,"byEllaM.White)isfrom1898.
21、giblets/dblts/“（鸡、鸭等家禽的）内脏,杂碎。”词源：MiddleEnglish（inthesense'aninessentialappendage',later'garbage,offal'）：fromOldFrenchgibelet'gamebirdstew',probablyfromgibier'birdsormammalshuntedforsport'.
《培根词汇》giblets(n.)：
"edibleentrailsofafowl,partsremovedortrimmedfromafowlwhenitispreparedforroasting,"mid-15c.(insingular,gybelet),earlier"unnecessaryappendage"(c.1300),fromOldFrenchgibelet"gamestew,"acookerywordofuncertainorigin;perhapsfromFrankish*gabaiti"huntingwithfalcons,"relatedtoOldHighGermanbeizan"toflyafalcon,"literally"tocausetobite,"frombizzan"tobite,"fromPIEroot*bheid-"tosplit,"withderivativesinGermanicreferringtobiting.
22、gingili/dndl/“（尤指印度式烹饪用的）芝麻。”词源：fromHindiandMarathijijalī,fromArabicdialectjonjolīn,fromArabicjuljulān.
23、ginseng/dnse/“1.尤指产于远东地区的）人参（指可用作补品并具有药用价值的人参根茎）。2.（原产东亚的）人参（指人参植物）;（原产北美的）西洋参（指西洋参植物）。”词源：mid17thcent.：fromChineserénshēn,fromrén'man'+shēn,akindofherb（becauseofthesupposedresemblanceoftheforkedroottoaperson）.金尼阁、威妥玛皆以j-表示日母，以r表示日母是现代汉拼的写法。
《培根词汇》ginseng(n.)：
typeofplantwhoserootishighlyvaluedasatonicandstimulantinChineseherbology,1650s,fromChinesejen-shen.Firstelementmeans"man,"butthemeaningofthesecondisobscure.人rén，金尼阁jn、威妥玛jên2；人jin变作gin，表明当时（1650s）英语gin多半读[jin]或[in]。法语的人参亦是ginseng，英语之ginseng当源自法语之人参ginseng。法语人参ginseng很可能是法语中最早具有gi[i]读音的单词。
24、giraffe/drɑf/“长颈鹿。”词源：late16thcent.：fromFrenchgirafe,Italiangiraffa,orSpanishandPortuguesegirafa,basedonArabiczarāfa.TheanimalwasknowninEuropeinthemedievalperiod,andisolatedinstancesofnamesforitbasedontheArabicarerecordedinMiddleEnglish,whenitwascommonlycalledtheCAMELOPARD.《培根词汇》giraffe(n.)：
long-neckedruminantanimalofAfrica,1590s,giraffa,fromItaliangiraffa,fromArabiczarafa,probablyfromanAfricanlanguage.EarlierMiddleEnglishspellingsvariedwildly,dependingontheforeignsource,andincludedjarraf,ziraph,andgerfauntz,someapparentlydirectlyfromArabic,thelastreflectingsomeconfusionwitholifaunt"elephant."
25、girasol/drsl/“1.青蛋白石。2.<北美>同JERUSALEMARTICHOKE.”词源：late16thcent.（inthesense'sunflower'）：fromFrench,orfromItaliangirasole,fromgirare'toturn'+sole'sun'（becausethesunflowerturnstofollowthepathofthesun）.
《培根词汇》girasole(n.)：1580s,"asunflower,"alsothenameofatypeofopal,fromItaliangirasole"sunflower,"literally"turningtowardthesun,"fromgirare"torotate"(seegyre(n.))+sole(fromPIEroot*sawel-"thesun").
26、gimcrack/dmkrk/“外表漂亮但质量差的,华而不实的”词源：MiddleEnglishgibecrake,ofunknownorigin.Originallyanoun,thetermdenotedsomekindofinlaidworkinwood,laterafancifulnotionormechanicalcontrivance,henceaknick-knack.《培根词汇》gimcrack(n.)：
alsojimcrack,"trifle,knick-knack,"byc.1820,earlier"mechanicalcontrivance"(1630s),originally"showyperson"(1610s),ofuncertainorigin.PerhapsanalterationofMiddleEnglishgibecrake,thenameofsomekindofornamentonwoodenfurniture(mid-14c.),whichisperhapsfromOldFrenchgiber"torattle,shake"+somespecialsenseofMiddleEnglishcrak"sharpnoise,crack."In18c.-19c.gimcrackalsocouldmean"personwhohasaturnformechanicalcontrivances."
27、gingerly/dndl/“小心地,谨慎地”词源：early16thcent.（inthesense'daintily,mincingly'）：perhapsfromOldFrenchgensor'delicate',comparativeofgent'graceful',fromLatingenitus'（well-）born'.
《培根词汇》gingerly(adv.)：
"extremelycautiously"(ofmovements,etc.),c.1600,earlier"elegantly,daintily"(1510s),ofunknownorigin.Perhaps[OED]fromOldFrenchgensor,comparativeofgent"dainty,delicate,"fromLatingentius"(well)-born"(seegentle).Meaning"extremelycautiously"isfromc.1600.
28、gingivitis/dndvats/“【医】（牙）龈炎。”《培根词汇》gingivitis(n.)：
1874,fromLatingingivae"thegums"(ofunknownorigin)+-itis"inflammation."
29、gingival/dndavl/“【医】（齿）龈的,牙床的”词源：mid17thcent.：fromLatingingiva'gum'+-AL.《培根词汇》gingival(adj.)：
1660s,fromLatingingivae"thegums"(ofunknownorigin)+-al(1).
30、gibberish/dbr/“令人费解（或毫无意义）的话（或文字）;胡言乱语”词源：early16thcent.：perhapsfromGIBBER1（butrecordedearlier）+thesuffix-ISH1（denotingalanguageasinSpanish,Swedish,etc.）.《培根词汇》gibberish(n.)：
"rapidandinarticulatespeech;talkinnoknownlanguage,"1550s,imitativeofthesoundofchatter,probablyinfluencedbyjabber.Usedearly17c.ofthelanguageofroguesandgypsies.
31、ginormous/dnms/“<英,非正式>极大的。”词源：1940s（originallymilitaryslang）：blendofgiantandenormous.
《培根词汇》ginormous(adj.)：
by1948,perhaps1942,apparentlyoriginallyaWorldWarIImilitarycolloquialism,fromamergerofgigantic+enormous.
32、ginglymus/dglms/“【剖】屈戌关节,铰链关节。”词源：late16thcent.：modernLatin,fromGreekginglumos'hinge'.
33、gibberellin/dbreln/“赤霉素。”词源：1930s：frommodernLatinGibberella（fromGibberellafujikuroi,thefungusfromwhichoneofthegibberellinswasfirstextracted）,diminutiveofthegenusnameGibbera,fromLatingibber'hump',+-IN1.
34、gillyflower/dlfla(r)/（亦作gilliflower）“香花植物。”词源：MiddleEnglishgilofre（inthesense'clove'）,fromOldFrenchgilofre,girofle,viamedievalLatinfromGreekkaruophullon（fromkaruon'nut'+phullon'leaf'）.TheendingwasalteredbyassociationwithFLOWER,butgilliversurvivedindialect.《培根词汇》gillyflower(n.)：
typeoffloweringplant,1550s,folketymologyalteration(byassociationwithunrelatedflower)ofgilofre"gillyflower"(late14c.),originally"clove"(c.1300),fromOldFrenchgirofle"clove"(12c.),fromLatincaryophyllon,fromGreekkaryophyllon"clove,nutleaf,driedflowerbudofclovetree,"fromkaryon"nut"(seekaryo-)+phyllon"leaf"(fromsuffixedformofPIEroot*bhel-(3)"tothrive,bloom").Theflowersonamedforitsscent.
35、girandole/drndl/“（立式,挂壁式）枝形烛台;枝形灯架。”词源：mid17thcent.（denotingarevolvingclusteroffireworks）：fromFrench,fromItaliangirandola,fromgirare'gyrate,turn',fromLatingyrare（seeGYRATE）.
《培根词汇》girandole(n.)：
1630s,atypeoffireworks;1769asabranchedholderforcandles;1825asatypeofearringorpendant,fromFrenchgirandole,fromItaliangirandola,diminutiveofgiranda"arevolvingjet,"fromLatingyrandus,gerundiveofgyrare"toturnroundinacircle,revolve"(seegyration).AlsoinEnglishintheItalianform.
36、Girondist/drndst/（亦作Girondin/-dn,<法>iRd/）（空白处为的鼻化音）“吉伦特派成员（吉伦特派系在法国1791至1793年革命期间执政的温和共和派政党,因领导人来自吉伦特省而得名）。”词源：fromarchaicFrenchGirondiste（nowGirondin）.
《培根词汇》Girondist(n.)：
1795,memberofthemoderaterepublicanpartyofFrance,1791-93,fromGironde,nameofadepartmentinsouthwesternFrance;thefactionsocalledbecauseitsleadersweredeputieselectedfromthere.
Girondist中的Gi[gi]可能是在法国大革命时期音转为[i]的，它传入英语后亦读[i]或进一步音变为[d]。
37、Gibraltar/dbrlt(r)/“直布罗陀（英国海外领地,位于伊比利亚半岛南端,直布罗陀海峡东端;2009年估计人口28,800,语言为英语和西班牙语,其中英语为官方语言）。”《培根词汇》Gibraltar：
1590s,ancientCalpe,captured710C.E.bySaracenleaderTariq,renamedJebelelTarik"theMountainofTarik,"hencetheEnglishname.ABritishpossessionsince1704.Figurativeofimpregnabilityby1856.Formerlyalsothenameofakindofrock-candy(1831).
38、Gironde/drnd/（读如‘给ruang德’）“吉伦特河口湾（加龙河和多尔多涅河汇合后形成的法国西南部一河口,位于波尔多以北,流向西北,全长72公里,即45英里,后注入比斯开湾）。”/d/读/g/表明该词进入英语时的读音/g/具有很强的生命力。
39、giaour/da(r)/“<古,贬>非伊斯兰教信徒（尤指基督徒）。”词源：fromTurkishgavur,fromPersiangaur,probablyfromArabickāfir（seeKAFFIR）.
/da(r)/的读音与/da(r)/没有区别。《培根词汇》giaour(n.)：
1560s,Turkishtermofcontemptfornon-Muslims,fromTurkishpronunciationofPersiangaur,variantofgabr"infidel,fire-worshipper,"originallyappliedtotheadherentsoftheZoroastrianreligion.UsedbytheTurksespeciallyofChristians,"andsocommonlythatitdoesnotnecessarilyimplyaninsult"[CenturyDictionary].
40、Giacometti/dɑkmetti/“Giacometti,Alberto吉亚柯梅蒂,阿尔贝托（1901-1966,瑞士雕塑家和画家,其作品最典型的特点是消瘦和极高的人体形状,如《指方向的男子》[1947]）。”/dɑkmetti/的读音与/dɑkmetti/没有区别。
41、Giotto1/dt/“乔托（约1267-1337,意大利画家,全名乔托·迪邦多内,首倡以自然主义风格表现人的表情,代表作品包括帕多瓦的阿雷那教堂壁画[1305-1308]和佛罗伦萨圣克罗齐教堂的壁画［约1320］）。”/dt/的读音与/dt/没有区别。Giotto2/dt/“1986乔托（欧洲一航天探测器的名称,1986年3月拍下了哈雷彗星慧核的照片）。”
42、Giorgione/:I'neI,<意>or'one/“(c.1478-1510),Italianpainter;AlsocalledGiorgioBarbarelliorGiorgiodaCastelfranco.乔尔乔涅（约1478-1510,意大利画家,亦称乔治·巴尔巴雷利或乔治·达卡斯泰尔弗兰科,对文艺复兴艺术有重要影响,为私人收藏家推出小型架上油画;代表作品有《暴风雨》［约1505］和《入睡的维纳斯》［约1510］）。”
/:I'neI/的读音与/I:I'neI/没有区别。
以上读为[d]之gi-大多数为外来词汇。
（二）标为/da/共10例。
1、giant/dant/“1.巨人。2.【天文】巨星。”词源：MiddleEnglishgeant（withthefirstsyllablelaterinfluencedbyLatingigant-）,fromOldFrench,viaLatinfromGreekgigas,gigant-.《培根词汇》giant(n.)：
c.1300,"fabulousman-likecreatureofenormoussize,"fromOldFrenchgeant,earlierjaiant"giant,ogre"(12c.),fromVulgarLatin*gagantem(nominativegagas),fromLatingigas"agiant,"fromGreekGigas(usuallyinplural,Gigantes),oneofaraceofdivinebutsavageandmonstrousbeings(personifyingdestructivenaturalforces),sonsofGaiaandUranus,eventuallydestroyedbythegods.Thewordisofunknownorigin,probablyfromapre-Greeklanguage.Derivationfromgegenes"earth-born"isconsidereduntenable.
源自希腊语gigas'giant'之giga-读音为/gg/，源自希腊语gigant-之giant却发生颚化读为/dant/；这表明gi[gi]是否发生颚化读为[d]、[da]是随机的。
2、giantess/dantes/“女巨人;身材特别高大的女人。”《培根词汇》giantess(n.)：
late14c.,fromgiant+-ess.
3、giantism/dantzm/“畸形巨大（趋势）;畸形巨大症;巨人症。”
4、gigantism/dagntzm/“【主生】巨大发育。”《培根词汇》gigantism(n.)：
medicalconditioncausingabnormalincreasedsize,1854,fromLatingigant-"giant"(seegigantic)+-ism.
5、gigantic/dagntk/“巨大的,庞大的”词源：early17thcent.（inthesense'likeorsuitedtoagiant'）：fromLatingigas,gigant-（seeGIANT）+-IC.《培根词汇》gigantic(adj.)：
1610s,"pertainingtogiants,"fromLatingigant-stemofgigas"giant"(seegiant)+-ic.Replacedearliergigantine(c.1600),gigantical(c.1600),giantlike(1570s).TheLatinadjectivewasgiganteus.Ofmaterialorimmaterialthings,actions,etc.,"ofextraordinarysineorproportions,"by1797.
6、giant-killer/dantkl(r)/“能打败强大对手的人（或运动队）。”
7、gigantomachy/dagntmk/“（希腊神话中的）神祇-巨人战争。”词源：late16thcent.：fromGreekgigantomakhia,fromgigas,gigant-（seeGIANT）+-makhia'fighting'.
8、giro/dar/“（欧洲和日本的银行、邮局和公用事业单位所使用的）电子化转账（制度）。”词源：late19thcent.：viaGermanfromItalian,'circulation（ofmoney）
9、gibus/dabs/“折叠式大礼帽,夜礼帽。”词源：mid19thcent.：namedafterGibus,theFrenchinventorofthistypeofhat.
10、gibe/dab/“同JIBE1.”jibe1/dab/（亦作gibe）“讥讽,嘲笑;嘲弄”词源：mid16thcent.（asaverb）：perhapsfromOldFrenchgiber'handleroughly'（inmoderndialect'kick'）;比较JIB2.《培根词汇》gibe(n.)：
"ataunt,"1570s,fromgibe(v.)"speaksneeringly"(1560s),ofuncertainorigin;perhapsfromFrenchgiber"tohandleroughly,"oranalterationofgaber"tomock."
《培根词汇》jibe(v.)：
"agree,fit,"1813,gibe,ofunknownorigin,originallyU.S.colloquial,perhapsafigurativeextensionofearlierjib,gybe(v.)"shiftasailorboom"(seejib).OED,however,suggestsaphoneticvariantofchime,asifmeaning"tochimeinwith,tobeinharmony."《培根词汇》jibe(n.)：
"ataunt,"alternativespellingofgibe.
（三）标为/di/共2例。
1、Gigli/dilj,<意>dii/“Gigli,Beniamino(1890-1957)吉利,贝尼亚米诺（1890-1957,意大利歌剧男高音,1918年与指挥家托斯卡尼尼首次在米兰登台,到年事很高时仍然保持着演唱水平）。”（读如‘该个里’）把意大利语的[di]读为[gi]表明英语将gi读作[gi]的传统力量更为强大。
2、giardiasis/diɑdass/“贾第鞭毛虫病,伦伯尔氏病。”词源：early20thcent.：frommodernLatinGiardia（fromthenameofAlfredM.Giard（1846-1908））,Frenchbiologist+-ASIS.
三、标为[i]、[]（源自法语）的共5例。
2、gte/it,<法>it/（读如‘惹特’）“（多指法国乡村地区有家具的）度假小屋。”词源：French,fromOldFrenchgiste;relatedtogésir'tolie'.听力课堂·在线翻译英音['gaIt]读如‘解特’、美音['gaIt]读如‘解特’，百度翻译译作‘石膏’读音‘惹特’、百度翻译APP读音‘解特’。
3、gigot/ig/（读如‘杰狗特’）“熟羊腿;羊腿。”词源：French,diminutiveofcolloquialgigue'leg',fromgiguer'tohop,jump',ofunknownorigin.
5、gigolo/gl/（读如‘及个搂’）“<常贬>（受雇于较年长女性的）男伴;情人。”词源：1920s（inthesense'dancingpartner'）：fromFrench,formedasthemasculineofgigole'dancehallwoman',fromcolloquialgigue'leg'.《培根词汇》gigolo(n.)：
"professionalmaleescortordancingpartner,youngmansupportedfinanciallybyanolderwomaninexchangeforhisattentions,"1922,fromFrenchgigolo,formedasamasc.ofgigole"tall,thinwoman;dancinggirl;prostitute,"perhapsfromverbgigoter"tomovetheshanks,hop,"fromgigue"shank"(12c.),also"fiddle,"OldFrenchgigafromFrankish*giga-orsomeotherGermanicword(compareGermanGeige"fiddle").ThisisperhapsthesamewordthatwasborrowedearlierasMiddleEnglishgiglot(early14c.)"lewd,wantongirl,"whichwaslaterappliedtomales(mid-15c.)withthesense"villainousman."ItisperhapsrelatedtoanumberofwordsinGermanicmeaning"dance,gambol,"and"fiddle,"perhapsconnectedbythenotionof"rapid,whirlingmotion"(seegig(n.1)).MiddleEnglishgigletrymeant"lasciviousness,harlotry"(late14c.).
法语发生gi[gi]＞[i]音变后的读音传入英语中，这些法语借词中的gi一是按法语[i]来发音、一是按英语gi的最新音变读音[i]来发音。
四、gi[gi]＞[i]音变规律。
标为硬音[g]的共86例，标为软音（颚化音）[d]的共54例，标为硬音[g]的多于标为软音（颚化音）[d]的。gi-开头的外来词汇大多读为软音（颚化音）[d]。人名、地名中的gi-存在标音为硬音[g]、实际读音却是软音（颚化音）[d]的现象，它表明英语仍在发生[g]＞[d]音变。
从Gill/dl/“吉尔”、gill2/dl/“吉耳”、gill4/dl/（亦作jill）“1.<贬>年轻女子。2.母雪貂。”之gill读/dl/，gill/gl/“鳃”、gill3/gl/（亦作ghyll）“（尤指森林茂密的）峡谷。”之gill读/gl/来看，[g]＞[d]音变毫无规律可言。Gill为“shortenedformofGillian”、Gillian“fromFrenchJuliane”，Gill是一个源自法语的姓名；吉耳“fromOldFrenchgille”；gill4/dl/“<贬>年轻女子”“abbreviationofthegivennameGillian”；这三个单词都源自法语。gill/gl/“鳃”“fromOldNorse.”，gill3/gl/（亦作ghyll）“（尤指森林茂密的）峡谷。”“fromOldNorsegil'deepglen'.”，这两个单词源自古诺斯语。源自法语的gi颚化为[d]而源自诺斯语的gi依旧保持为[g]的原因可能是法语gi＞[i]音变引发了英语中来自法语的gi发生新音变（gi＞[d]）的趋势。
Gibbon/gbn/读如‘吉本’、gibbon/gbn/“长臂猿。”读如‘给本’显示出人名中的gi存在颚化倾向。