1、1/4国外一些关于狗狗绝育的看法AssociateProfessorandChairRutgersUniversity公狗篇Onbalance,itappearsthatnocompellingcasecanbemadeforneuteringmostmaledogs,especiallyimmaturemaledogs,inordertopreventfuturehealthproblems.Thenumberofhealthproblemsassociatedwithneuteringmayexceedtheassociatedhealthbenefitsinmostcases.总的来说，几乎没有令人信服的理由可以为大多数公狗做绝育，特别是给不成熟的狗狗说是为了将来的健康。在大多数案例中，很多健康问题做了绝育的狗得的几率可能大于没做绝育的。Onthepositiveside,neuteringmaledogs好处eliminatesthesmallrisk(p
2、robably5;thisisacommoncancerandmajorcauseofdeathinsomebreeds增加了2.2倍的可能患脾肌瘤（这个医学词我有点拿不准哦）和大于5倍的可能患心血管肌瘤。这些都是常见的疾病，在多数案例中，会因为这个病而死亡triplestheriskofhypothyroidism增加3倍的可能性患甲状腺机能减退increasestheriskofobesitybyafactorof1.6-2,acommonhealthproblemindogswithmanyassociatedhealthproblems增加肥胖的几率为1.6-2倍3/4causesurinary“spayincontinence”in4-20%offemaledogs导致小便失禁的不良反应在4-20%的母狗中出现increasestheriskofpersistentorrecurringurinarytractinfectionsby
3、afactorof3-4增加了持续或反复出现尿路感染的几率高达3-4倍increasestheriskofrecessedvulva,vaginaldermatitis,andvaginitis,especiallyforfemaledogsspayedbeforepuberty增加了阴道炎，阴道性皮炎和外阴炎症的可能。特别是在青春期之前就做绝育的母狗doublesthesmallrisk(1%)ofurinarytracttumors增加2倍小几率（小于1%）患泌尿系统肿瘤的几率increasestheriskoforthopedicdisorders增加了骨科疾病的几率increasestheriskofadversereactionstovaccinations增加了对疫苗接种不良反应的危险Advantages好处Besidesbeingabirthcontrolmethod,neuteringmales/spayingfemaleshasthefollowing
4、healthbenefits:除了可以控制繁殖之外，绝育还有以下优点：Preventionofmammarytumors:Femalecatsanddogsareseventimesmorelikelytodevelopmammarytumorsiftheyarenotspayedbeforetheirfirstheatcycle.Theriskisgenerallyestimatedat25%overalifetimeinunspayedfemales,meaningthattheriskisreducedtoca.3.6%overalifetimeinfemalesspayedbeforetheirfirstheat.预防乳腺肿瘤：母狗和猫有7倍多的可能得这种病，如果没有在他们第一次发情之前做绝育。Pyometraisprevented,eitherduetotheremovaloftheorgan(whenovariohystere
5、ctomyisperformed)and/orbecauseofthelackoffemalesexhormones(oestrogenandprogesterone)afterspaying.子宫积脓是可以防止的，在拿掉子宫（绝育）之后。因为很少的女性荷尔蒙会产生在绝育之后。Uterinecancer,ovariancancerandtesticularcancerarepreventedduetotheremovalofthesusceptibleorgans.Thesecancersareuncommonindogsandcats,withonlya1%riskofobtainingtesticularorovariancancer.子宫癌，卵巢癌和睾丸癌都可以防止，在绝育之后。不过，这些癌症，在猫和狗当中是不常见的，大概只有1%的几率会患这些病。Disadvantages坏处General总的来说Aswithanysurgicalprocedure,immed
6、iatecomplicationsofneuteringincludetheusualanestheticandsurgicalcomplications,suchasbleedingandinfection.Theserisksarerelativelylowinroutinespayingandneutering;however,theymaybeincreasedforsomeanimalsduetootherpre-existinghealthfactors.Inonestudytheriskofanesthetic-relateddeath(notlimitedtoneuteringprocedures)wasestimatedat0.05%forhealthydogsand0.11%forhealthycats.Theriskforsickdogsandcatswere1.33%and1.40%respectively对于任
7、何外科手术，都是有一定风险的，包括出血啊，或者对麻醉的不适应等，不过在正规的绝育手术中，这个风险相对较小。不过，还是有可能引发一些，狗狗本身之前就有的一些病症。在一个调查报告中指出，狗和猫死于有关麻醉的问题，大概，健康狗是0.05%，健康猫是0.11%。当时在有病的狗狗和猫猫中，分别是1.33%和1.44%Neutereddogsandcatsofbothgendershaveanincreasedriskofobesity.Theoriesforthisincludereducedmetabolism,reducedactivity,andeatingmoreduetoalteredfeedingbehavior4/4绝育后的猫和狗无论什么性别，都有增加肥胖的可能。造成的原因包括：新陈代谢变慢，活跃性变小和改变了喂养习惯。Neutereddogsofbothgendersareatatwofoldexcessrisktodeveloposteosarcomaascomparedto
8、intactdogs,aswellasanincreasedriskofhemangiosarcomaandurinarytractcancer.绝育的狗狗患骨肉瘤的几率大于没绝育的狗狗，和增加患血管肉瘤和尿道癌一样。Neutereddogsofbothgendershavea27%to38%increasedriskofadversereactionstovaccinations.Theincidenceofadversereactionsforneuteredandintactdogscombinedis0.32%绝育的狗狗对疫苗接种不良反应的几率大概为27%-38%。对所有狗狗来说，几率是0.32%Neutereddogshavealsobeenknowntodevelophormone-responsivealopecia(hairloss)狗狗也会因为荷尔蒙的发生而脱发。SpecifictoMales对公狗Neuteredmaledogsdisplay