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11、vel,Fifthlevel,ClicktoeditMastertitlestyle,ClicktoeditMastertextstyles,Secondlevel,Thirdlevel,Fourthlevel,Fifthlevel,常见急救知识,0(,图文并茂讲解,),一、心肺复苏的急救,二、创伤的急救,三、硫化氢中毒急救,四、急救箱的使用,目录,一、,心肺复苏的急救,1.1,心肺复苏（,CPR,）定义：,挽救心跳、呼吸骤停病人的方法，即为心肺复,苏法。它是在生命垂危时采取的行之有效的急救措,施。,一、心肺复苏的急救,1.2,常见心肺骤停的原因,各种器质性心血
12、管疾病：,如急性心肌梗塞、冠状动脉痉挛、急性肺栓塞、,II,度或,III,度房室传导阻滞、心瓣膜病、心肌炎、先天性心脏病、心包填塞、主动脉瘤破裂、二尖瓣脱垂、脑血管意外的等。,一、心肺复苏的急救,现场伤害：如溺水、触电、电击、,严重创伤、大失血等。,一、心肺复苏的急救,药物中毒：,如洋地黄、奎尼丁、普鲁卡因酰胺、苯妥英钠、钾盐、肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素、已酰胆硷、锑剂、吐根硷、,受体阻滞剂、异搏停、氯喹等。,一、心肺复苏的急救,手术及麻醉意外：,如咽喉部、颈部、纵隔、心脏、胃肠、胆、泌尿道、眼部等手术、低温麻醉特别是当体温降,30,以下时,。,一、心肺复苏的急救,酸碱平衡与电解质紊乱,：,如酸中
14、的急救,（二）,呼叫,：,如无意识，立即高声呼救。,一、心肺复苏的急救,（三）将病人放置成心,肺复苏体位（仰卧位）救护人跪于病人一侧。,一、心肺复苏的急救,判断呼吸和脉搏,一、心肺复苏的急救,（四）,保持呼吸道通畅,1.,患者仰卧硬板床上,头颈、躯干、无扭曲,两臂放于身体两侧。,2.,解开上衣、腰带,暴露胸部。,一、心肺复苏的急救,3.,清除口腔内异物,(,头偏向操作者,),，弯盘置于口角。,4.,急救者一手置于患者前额,手掌向后下方施力,使头呈后仰位,另一手托起下颌部,打开气道。,一、心肺复苏的急救,5.,急救者一手捏住患者鼻孔,深吸气后,双唇紧贴包绕包绕患者口部,用力吹气,使胸廓隆起,吹毕
15、立即离开口部,松开鼻孔,视患者胸廓下降后,再重复吹气一口,.,成人吹气量约,800,1000ml,吹气频率,16,20/min,。,一、心肺复苏的急救,（五）口对口人工呼吸法,(1),在保证呼吸道通畅后使病人口部张开,。,一、心肺复苏的急救,(2),抢救者跪伏在病人的一侧，用一只手的掌根部轻按病人前额保持头后仰，同时用拇指和食指捏住患者鼻孔。,一、心肺复苏的急救,(3),抢救者深吸一口气后，张开口紧紧包绕病人的口部,.,使口鼻均不漏气。,一、心肺复苏的急救,用力快速向病人吹气，同时观察患者胸部是否上升，看到患者胸部上升，停止吹气。让患者被动呼出气体。,一、心肺复苏的急救,(5,）一次吹气完
16、毕后，口应立即与病人口部脱离，同时捏鼻翼的手松开（掌根部仍按压病人前部）以便病人呼气时可同时从口和鼻孔出气，确保呼吸道通畅。,一、心肺复苏的急救,(6),抢救者轻轻抬起头，眼视病人胸部，此时病人胸廓应向下塌陷。然后抢救者再吸入新鲜空气，做下一次吹气。成人每分钟,14,16,（儿童每分钟,20,次）。,一、心肺复苏的急救,（六）胸外心脏按压,胸外按压姿势：抢救者双臂伸直，肘关节定不能弯曲，双肩部在病人正上方，垂直下压胸骨。,一、心肺复苏的急救,单人心肺复苏术,同一抢救者轮番进行口对口人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压术。比例为：胸部按压数,/,人工呼吸数,15,一、心肺复苏的急救,双人心肺复苏术,由两位抢救者分别进行人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压术比例为：胸部按压数,/,人工呼吸数,5/1,一、心肺复苏的急救,人工胸外心脏按压的有效指征,（,1,）昏迷变浅，出现各种反射，能摸到颈动脉或股动脉搏动。,（,2,）身体出现无意识的挣扎动作，自主呼吸逐渐恢复。,（,3,）口唇发绀逐渐转为红润。,（,4,）散大的瞳孔开始缩小，对光反应恢复。,（,5,）自主呼吸恢复，收缩压在,60,毫米汞柱以上。,一、心肺复苏的急