面对即将到来的四级考试，相信大家都在积极努力的进行备考，除了知识的提升，还要多做真题。今天我们为大家整理了2021年6月英语四级考试真题及答案，欢迎大家阅读。
网络综合版：
听力
NEWS1
Andfinallyintonight'snews,anine-year-oldboynamedJoetoldnottodrawinclasswinsajobdecoratingarestaurantwithhisdrawingsratherthanshuttingdownthehabitofdrawinginhisschool'sworkbook.
(1)Joe'sparentsdecidedtoencouragehiscreativitybysendingtheirsontoanafter-schoolartclass.HisteacherrecognizedJoe'stalentandpostedallhisworkonline,whichledtosomethingprettywonderful.(2)ArestaurantnamedNumber4inNewcastlecontactedJoe'steacherstoaskifthenine-year-oldcouldcomeanddecoratedthediningroomwithhisdrawings.Everydayafterschool,Joe'sdaddriveshimtotheOYrestaurant,sohecanputhisideasstraightonthewall.
Oncehe'salldone,theworkwillremaintherepermanently.Joe'sdadsays,Joeisareallytalentedlittleboy.He'sexcellentatschool.He'sgreatatfootball,butdrawingisdefinitelywhatheismostpassionateabout.
Q1.WhatdidJoe'sparentsdecidetodo
Q2.whatdidtherestaurant,Number4,do
NEWS2
ChristineMarshall,a-34-year-oldmumofonepostedatearfulvideoonsocialmedia,Wednesday,beggingforthesafereturnofherbelovedpetdog.Aftercombingthroughthesecurityvideooutsideaglobal’sshop,(3)Christinehasnowpostedanimageofamansuspectedofstealingthedog.Theimageappearstoshowamancarryingthedoginhisarms.
Christinealsobelievesthevideoobtainedfromtheshopshowsthedogbeingstolenbyamanbeforedrivingoffinacar,whichhadbeenwaitingnearby.(4)Thefamilyisnowofferinga5,000poundrewardforthesafereturnofthedogafterlaunchingasocialmediacampaigntofindthethief,thedogissixandahalfyearsoldandwaslastseenwearingaredcollar.
Christinesaid“Wewillpaythattoanyonewhobringshimhome,aslongastheyarenotresponsibleforhisdisappearance,pleaseoninvestigatingtheincident”.
Q3WhatisChristineMarshalltryingtodo
Q4WhatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutChristineMarshall'sfamily
NEWS3
London'seggsandbreadcafeoffersaboiledeggs,toast,jam,andbacon,aswellastea,coffee,andorangejuice.Butattheendofthemeal,customersdon'thavetoworryaboutthebill.Hungrycustomerscanpaywhateveramounttheycanaffordtoeatatthecafeornothingatall.(5)OwnerGuyWilsonsayshiscafeaimstobuildcommunityratherthanprofits.HewantstoprovideabridgeforpeopletoconnectWANGYIinanareathathasbeendividedbyclassandwealth,byprovidingaffordablebreakfast.(6)Thecafeisopeninthemorningseverydayoftheyear.Andhastwomembersofstafforsupervisorsonshifteveryday.Thecafedoesn'tusevolunteers,butpaysitsstafftoensureconsistencyinitsservice.Itdoesn'ttakedonationsanddoesn'twanttobeseenasacharity.Mr.Wilsonsayswhenpeoplestarttoknowotherpeoplearoundthem,(7)theyrealizethey'renotthatdifferentandwhatevertheirfinancialbackgroundortheireducationalbackground,mostpeoplewillhavesomethingincommonwitheachother.Hesaysit'simportantthathiscafecanofferhiscustomerssecurityandpermanence
Q5WhatdoesGuyWilsonsayhiscafeaimstodo
Q6Whatdoesthenewsreportsayabouteggsandbreadcafe
Q7WhathappenswhenpeoplestarttoknoweachotheraccordingtoGuyWilson
CONVERSATION1
M:SowhattimedoyouthinkweshouldhavethepartyonSaturday
W:Howaboutinvitingpeopletocomeat6:00PMthenwe'llhavetheafternoontopreparefoodanddrinkandstufflikethat
M:Yes.Iwasthinkingthataroundsixwouldbegoodtoo.Whatfoodshouldweprovide
W:Well,Ihadthoughtaboutbakingacakeandsomebiscuits,andnowIthinkweshouldpreparesomesandwichesandsnacksandsomeotherkindsoffoodsothatpeoplecanjusthelpthemselvesratherthangettingeveryonetositdownatthetabletoeatameal.Ithinkthat'sabittooformal.It'sbettertoletpeoplewalkaroundandtalktoeachotherorsitwheretheylike.
M:Yes,thatsoundsgood.I'llgotothesupermarkettogetsomedrinks.IthinkImighttrythatbignewsupermarketontheothersideoftown,seewhattheyhave.I'venotbeentherebefore.Ithinkweshouldgetsomebeerandwineandsomefruitjuiceandothersoftdrinks.Whatdoyouthink
W:Soundsgreat.Ithinkthosedrinkswillbeenough.AndIheardthatthenewsupermarketofferssomebigdiscountstoattractcustomers,sogoingthereshouldbeagreatidea.Whatshouldwedoaboutmusic
M：MaybeweshouldalsoaskPualtobringhiscomputerandspeakerssothatwecanplaysomemusic.Hehasagreatcollectionofdifferentstuff.Yes.Allright.
Q8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout
Q9.Whydoesthewomansayitisagoodideatoservefoodsthatguestscanhelpthemselvestoo
Q10.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthenewsupermarket
CONVERSATION2
W:I’mthinkingofbuyingacar.Iwouldn'tneedtouseiteveryday,butIthinkitwouldbeveryconvenienttohaveonefortheweekends.
M:That'sexciting.Wouldthisbeyourfirstcar
W:Nope.
M:IactuallyownedacarforalittlewhilewhenIlivedinMiami.Yousee,inAmerica,manycitiesdon'thavegoodpublictransport.
SomostpeopleneedtheirownOYcartogetaround.
W:Isee.
M:Sohaveyougotyourmindsetonaspecificmodel
W:No,notreally.
(13)I'veheardthatGermancarsareveryreliable,butIhaven'tdecidedonaspecificmodelyet.
I'dalsolikeittobesmallsothatit'seasytodriveinthecity.
M:Ihaveafriendwhosellssecondhandcars.Infact,Ithinkhisfamilyownsthebusiness.
He'sareallyniceguyandheknowsalotaboutcars.Icouldgiveyouhisphonenumberifyouwant,andyoucouldcallhimandaskhimquestions.
W:Hmm.That'sniceofyou,butIdon'twanttofeelobligedtobuyoneofhiscar.
M:Ohno.He'snotlikethat.He'sagoodfriendofmineandhewouldnevertrytopressureyou.
W:Well,ifyoutrusthim,thenIguessitshouldbeokay.Tobehonest,Icouldusesomehelpindecidingwhattypeofvehiclewouldbestsuitmyneeds.
Speakingtoanexpertwouldbeagoodidea.
M:Exactly.Youhavenothingtoworryabout.He'salovelyguyandhe'llbehappytohelp.
Q13.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutGermancars
Q14.Whatdoesthemanrecommendthewomando
Q15.WhatdowelearnabouttheLoinbo'sfriendfromtheconversation
PASSAGE1
Passageone.
PigsarenotnativetonorthAmerica.TheywerefirstintroducedtoCaliforniabySpanishandRussianexplorersandsettlersmanycenturiesago.Intheearlytimes,pigswereallowedtowanderfreelyandsearchafood.Thispracticealsoallowedmanypigstoescapefromfarmsandliveinthewild,whichbecameaproblem.
Infact,asoneofthemostdamaginginvasivespeciesonthecontinent,wildpigscausedmillionsofdollarsincropdamageyearly.TheyOYalsoharboreddozensofdiseasesthatthreatenbothhumansandfarmanimals.Forestpatcheswithwildpigshavebeenfoundtohaveconsiderablyreducedplantandanimaldiversity.
Inadditiontoeithereatingotheranimalsortheirfoodsupply,wildpigsdamagednativehabitatsbyreachingupcrossesandrubbingontrees.Theiractivitiesmayalsocreateopportunitiesforinvasiveplantstocolonizetheseareas.Wildpigswilleatalmostanythingcontainingcalories.Mice,deer,birds,snakesandfrogsareamongtheirvictims.
Theycanalsoharmotherwildspeciesthroughindirectcompetitionratherthaneatingthemorshrinkingtheirfoodsupply.OnoneparticularUnitedStatesisland,wildpigsthemselvesbecameanattractivefoodsourceforaspeciesofmainlandeagle.Eaglesbeganbreedingontheislandandalsofeedingonaspeciesofnativefox.Thefoxeswerealmostwipedoutcompletely.
Q16.WhatdowelearnaboutearlypigsinnorthAmerica
Q17.Whyarewildpigsathreattohumans
Q18.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenativefoxesonaU.S.island
PASSAGE2
Q19.Whatareapairofentrepreneursplanningtodo
Q20.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutcoffeebeansroastedonearth
Q21.WhatdidthetwoItaliancompaniesdoin2015
PASSAGE3
Passagethree
IncoldandsnowyAlaska,there’savillagecalledTakotna.Ithasapopulationofamere49adults.EachMarch,thistinyvillageswellsupinnumbersbecauseitislocatedinthemiddleofaracethattakesplaceeveryyear.Itisaseven-dayracecalled“TheIditarodTrail”.AndparticipantsstopatTakotnafortheobligatory24hourrest.
Luckyforthem,TakotnaisfamousOYforitsdeliciousfruitpies.Weeksbeforethecompetitorsarrive,theresidentsofTakotnastartpreparingwhatiswithoutquestiontheirbiggesteventoftheyear.Thewholevillagechipsintohelp,includingthekids,whoendupdevelopingtheirbakingskillsatanearlyage.Exhaustedandhungryracersaregreetedwithdelightfulpiesofallkinds,suchasapple,orange,lemon,orbanana.
Theyconsumethepiesandastomachwarmingracefuel.Thetoughnessoftheraceallowsforracerstoeatprettymuchwhatevertheywant.Themorecalories,thebetter.Takotnahasgainedareputationforitsdessert-basedhospitalitysincethe1970s.Itstartedwithoneperson,JaneNewton.JanemovedfromIditarodwithherhusbandin1972andopenedarestaurant.Arichandfillingfruitpiesquicklygottheracesattention,andthevillagegainedsomefameasaresult.ProudresidentsthenstartedtorefertoJaneasqueenofTakotna.
Questions22to25,orbasedonthepassage,youhavejustheard
Q22.WhydoalotofpeoplecometothevillageofTakotnaeveryMarch
Q23.WhatisthevillageofTakotnafamousfor
Q24.Whocomestohelpwiththeeventoftheyear
Q25.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutJaneNewton
第一套答案：
SectionA
1.C)Sendhimtoanafter-schoolartclass.
2.D)ContactedJoetodecorateitsdining-room.
3.A)Getherpetdogback.
4.B)Itisofferingabigrewardtoanyonewhohelps.
5.D)Helppeopleconnectwitheachother.
6.B)Itdoesnotusevolunteers
7.A)Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon
SectionB
8.D)PreparationsforSaturday'sget-together.
9.A)Itenablesgueststowalkaroundandchatfreely.
10.B)Itofferssomebigdiscounts.
11.D)Bringhiscomputerandspeakers
12.C)Forconvenienceatweekends.
13.B)Theyarereliable.
14.C)Seekadvicefromhisfriend
15.A)Hecanbetrusted.
SectionC
16.D)Manyescapedfromfarmsandbecamewild.
17.A)Theycarryagreatmanydiseases.
18.B)Theyfellvictimtoeagles.
19.C)Roastcoffeebeansinouterspace.
20.A)Theycaneasilygetburned.
21.B)Theycollaboratedonbuildingthefirstspacecoffeemachine.
22.C)Aracepassesthroughitannually.
23.D)It’stastyfruitpies.
24.A)Theentirevillage.
25.C)Shehelpedthevillagetobecomefamous.
第二套答案
1.A)SeethePope.
2.D)Heendedupinthewrongplace.
3.C)GlasgowhaspledgedtotaketheleadinreducingcarbonemissionsintheUK.
4.A)Glasgowneedstoinvestinnewtechnologiestoreachitsgoal.
5.B)Itpermitsemployeestobringcatsintotheiroffices.
6.B)Rescuehomelesscats.
7.C)Ithasletsomeothercompaniestofollowsuit.
8.A)FindoutwhereisJimmy.
9.B)HewasworkingonaprojectwithJimmy.
10.C)Hewasinvolvedatrafficaccident.
11.D)Hewantedtoconcealsomethingfromhisparents.
12.B)Shoppingonline.
13.D)Gettingone'scarparked.
14.C)Thequalityoffoodproducts.
15.A)Itsavesmoney
16.D)Theyhavestrongnegativeemotionstowardsmath.
17.B)Itaffectslowperformingchildrenonly.
18.A)Mostofthemhaveaveragetostrongmathability.
19.C)Addictiontocomputergamesisadisease.
20.A)Theyprioritizetheirfavoredactivityoverwhattheyshoulddo.
21.D)Thereisnotenoughevidencetoclassifyitasadisease.
22.C)Theyareashadeofredborderingonbrown.
23.D)Theymustfollowsomecommonstandards.
24.B)Theylookmoreofficial.
25.D)Forsecurity.
快速阅读1
Whathappenswhenalanguagehasnowordsfornumbers
36.[E]Itisworthstressingthattheseanumericpeoplearecognitively(在认知方面)normal，well-adaptedtothesurroundingstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.
37.[H]Comparedwithothermammals,ournumericalinstinctsarenotasremarkableasmanyassume.
38.[E]Itisworthstressingthattheseanumericpeoplearecognitively(在认知方面)normal，well-adaptedtothesurroundingstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.
39.[B]But,inahistoricalsense,number-consciouspeoplelikeusaretheunusualones.
40.[K]Researchonthelanguageofnumbersshows,moreandmore,thatoneofourspecies'keycharacteristicsistremendouslinguistic(语言的)andcognitivediversity.41.[D]Thisandmanyotherexperimentshaveledtoasimpleconclusion:Whenpeopledonothavenumberwords,theystruggletomakequantitativedistinctionsthatprobablyseemnaturaltosomeonelikeyouorme.
42.[G]Noneofus,then,isreallya"numbersperson."Wearenotborntohandlequantitativedistinctionsskillfully.
43.[A]Numbersdonotexistinallcultures
44.[I]So,howdidweeverinvent"unnatural"numbersinthefirstplaceTheansweris,literally,atyourfingertips.
45.45.[F]Thisconclusionisechoedbyworkwithanumericchildreninindustrializedsocieties.
快读阅读2
Thestartofhighschooldoesn'thavetobestressful
36.[E]lnaddition,studiesfindthefirstyearofhighschooltypicallyshowsoneofthegreatestincreasesindepressionofanyyearoverthelifespan.
37.[G]lnonerecentstudy,weexamined360adolescents'beliefsaboutthenatureof"smartness"-thatis,theirfixedmindsetsaboutintelligence.
38.[J]Thesefindingsleadtoseveralpossibilitiesthatweareinvestigatingfurther.
39.[C]Inthenewglobaleconomy,studentswhofailtofinishtheninthgradewithpassinggradesincollegepreparatorycourseworkareveryunlikelytograduateontimeandgoontogetjobs.
40.[H]Wealsoinvestigatedthesocialsideofthehighschooltransition.
41.[E]naddition,studiesfindthefirstyearofhighschooltypicallyshowsoneofthegreatestincreasesindepressionofanyyearoverthelifespan.
42.[D]Theconsequencesofdoingpoorlyintheninthgradecanimpactmorethanstudents'abilitytofindagoodjob.
43.[A]Thismonth,morethan4millionstudentsacrossthenationwillbeginhighschool.
44.[I]Experimentresultsshowedthatstudentswhowerenottaughtthatpeoplecanchangeshowedpoorstressresponses.
45.[F]Givenallthat'sridingonhavingasuccessfulninthgradeexperience,itpaystoexplorewhatcanbedonetomeettheacademic,socialandemotionalchallengesofthetransitiontohighschool.
快读阅读3
Scienceofsetbacks:Howfailurecanimprovecareerprospects
36.[G]Onestraightforwardreasoncloselosersmightoutper-formnarrowwinnersisthatthetwogroupshavecomparableability.
37.[D]OthersintheUShavefoundsimilareffectswithNationalInstitutesofHealthearly-careerfellowshipslaunchingnarrowwinnersfaraheadofcloselosers.
38.[K]lnsportsandmanyareasoflife,wethinkoffailuresasevidenceofsomethingwecouldhavedonebetter.
39.[B]onewaysocialscientistshaveprobedtheeffectsofcareersetbacksistolookatscientistsofverysimilarqualifications.
40.[I]HesaidthepeoplewhoshouldbepayingregardtotheWangpaperarethefundingagentswhodistributegovernmentgrantmoney.
41.[F]InastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,North-westernUniversitysociologistDashunWangtrackedmorethan1,100scientistswhowereontheborderbetweengettingagrantandmissingoutbetween1990and2005.
42.[J]Forhispart,Wangsaidthatinhisownexperience,losingdidlightamotivatingfire.
43.[C]A2018studypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,forexample,followedresearchersintheNetherlands.
44.[I]HesaidthepeoplewhoshouldbepayingregardtotheWangpaperarethefundingagentswhodistributegovernmentgrantmoney.
45.[E]Thisisbadnewsforthelosers.
仔细阅读1-题源
Numbersdonotexistinallcultures.Therearenumberlesshunter-gatherersembeddeddeepinAmazonia,livingalongbranchesoftheworld’slargestrivertree.Insteadofusingwordsforprecisequantities,thesepeoplerelyexclusivelyontermsanalogousto“afew”or“some.”
Incontrast,ourownlivesaregovernedbynumbers.Asyoureadthis,youarelikelyawareofwhattimeitis,howoldyouare,yourcheckingaccountbalance,yourweightandsoon.Theexact(andexacting)numberswethinkwithimpacteverythingfromourschedulestoourself-esteem.
But,inahistoricalsense,numericallyfixatedpeoplelikeusaretheunusualones.Forthebulkofourspecies’approximately200,000-yearlifespan,wehadnomeansofpreciselyrepresentingquantities.What’smore,the7,000orsolanguagesthatexisttodayvarydramaticallyinhowtheyutilizenumbers.
Speakersofanumeric,ornumberless,languagesofferawindowintohowtheinventionofnumbersreshapedthehumanexperience.Ina2017book,Iexploredthewaysinwhichhumansinventednumbers,andhownumberssubsequentlyplayedacriticalroleinothermilestones,fromtheadventofagriculturetothegenesisofwriting.
Cultureswithoutnumbers,orwithonlyoneortwoprecisenumbers,includetheMundurukuandPirahinAmazonia.ResearchershavealsostudiedsomeadultsinNicaraguawhowerenevertaughtnumberwords.
Withoutnumbers,healthyhumanadultsstruggletopreciselydifferentiateandrecallquantitiesaslowasfour.Inanexperiment,aresearcherwillplacenutsintoacanoneatatime,thenremovethemonebyone.Thepersonwatchingisaskedtosignalwhenallthenutshavebeenremoved.Responsessuggestthatanumericpeoplehavesometroublekeepingtrackofhowmanynutsremaininthecan,evenifthereareonlyfourorfiveintotal.
Thisandmanyotherexperimentshaveconvergeduponasimpleconclusion:Whenpeopledonothavenumberwords,theystruggletomakequantitativedistinctionsthatprobablyseemnaturaltosomeonelikeyouorme.Whileonlyasmallportionoftheworld’slanguagesareanumericornearlyanumeric,theydemonstratethatnumberwordsarenotahumanuniversal.
Itisworthstressingthattheseanumericpeoplearecognitivelynormal,well-adaptedtotheenvironstheyhavedominatedforcenturies.Asthechildofmissionaries,Ispentsomeofmyyouthlivingwithanumericindigenouspeople,theaforementionedPirahwholivealongthesinuousbanksoftheblackMaiciRiver.Likeotheroutsiders,Iwascontinuallyimpressedbytheirsuperiorunderstandingoftheriverineecologyweshared.
Yetnumberlesspeoplestrugglewithtasksthatrequireprecisediscriminationbetweenquantities.Perhapsthisshouldbeunsurprising.Afterall,withoutcounting,howcansomeonetellwhetherthereare,say,sevenoreightcoconutsinatreeSuchseeminglystraightforwarddistinctionsbecomeblurrythroughnumberlesseyes.
Thisconclusionisechoedbyworkwithanumericchildreninindustrializedsocieties.
Priortobeingspoon-fednumberwords,childrencanonlyapproximatelydiscriminatequantitiesbeyondthree.Wemustbehandedthecognitivetoolsofnumbersbeforewecanconsistentlyandeasilyrecognizehigherquantities.
Infact,acquiringtheexactmeaningofnumberwordsisapainstakingprocessthattakeschildrenyears.Initially,kidslearnnumbersmuchliketheylearnletters.Theyrecognizethatnumbersareorganizedsequentially,buthavelittleawarenessofwhateachindividualnumbermeans.Withtime,theystarttounderstandthatagivennumberrepresentsaquantitygreaterbyonethantheprecedingnumber.This“successorprinciple”ispartofthefoundationofournumericalcognition,butrequiresextensivepracticetounderstand.
Noneofus,then,isreallya“numbersperson.”Wearenotpredisposedtohandlequantitativedistinctionsadroitly.Intheabsenceoftheculturaltraditionsthatinfuseourliveswithnumbersfrominfancy,wewouldallstrugglewithevenbasicquantitativedistinctions.
Numberwordsandwrittennumeralstransformourquantitativereasoningastheyarecoaxedintoourcognitiveexperiencebyourparents,peersandschoolteachers.Theprocessseemssonormalthatwesometimesthinkofitasanaturalpartofgrowingup,butitisnot.Humanbrainscomeequippedwithcertainquantitativeinstinctsthatarerefinedwithage,buttheseinstinctsareverylimited.Forinstance,evenatbirthwearecapableofdistinguishingbetweentwomarkedlydifferentquantities–forinstance,eightfrom16things.
Butwearenottheonlyspeciescapableofsuchabstractions.Comparedtochimpsandotherprimates,ournumericalinstinctsarenotasremarkableasmanypresume.Weevensharesomebasicinstinctualquantitativereasoningwithdistantnonmammalianrelativeslikebirds.Indeed,workwithsomeotherspecies,includingparrots,suggeststheytoocanrefinetheirquantitativethoughtiftheyareintroducedtothecognitivepowertoolswecallnumbers.
Thebirthofnumbers
So,howdidweeverinvent“unnatural”numbersinthefirstplace
Theansweris,literally,atyourfingertips.Thebulkoftheworld’slanguagesusebase-10,base-20orbase-5numbersystems.Thatis,thesesmallernumbersarethebasisoflargernumbers.Englishisabase-10ordecimallanguage,asevidencedbywordslike14(“four”+“10”)and31(“three”x“10”+“one”).
Wespeakadecimallanguagebecauseanancestraltongue,proto-Indo-European,wasdecimallybased.Proto-Indo-Europeanwasdecimallyorientedbecause,asinsomanycultures,ourlinguisticancestors’handsservedasthegatewaytorealizationslike“fivefingersonthishandisthesameasfivefingersonthathand.”Suchtransientthoughtsweremanifestedintowordsandpasseddownacrossgenerations.Thisiswhytheword“five”inmanylanguagesisderivedfromthewordfor“hand.”
Mostnumbersystems,then,aretheby-productoftwokeyfactors:thehumancapacityforlanguageandourpropensityforfocusingonourhandsandfingers.Thismanualfixation–anindirectby-productofwalkinguprightontwolegs–hashelpedyieldnumbersinmostcultures,butnotall.
Cultureswithoutnumbersalsoofferinsightintothecognitiveinfluenceofparticularnumerictraditions.Considerwhattimeitis.Yourdayisruledbyminutesandseconds,buttheseentitiesarenotrealinanyphysicalsenseandarenonexistenttonumberlesspeople.Minutesandsecondsaretheverbalandwrittenvestigesofanuncommonbase-60numbersystemusedinMesopotamiamillenniaago.Theyresideinourminds,numericalartifactsthatnotallhumansinheritconceptually.
Researchonthelanguageofnumbersshows,moreandmore,thatoneofourspecies’keycharacteristicsistremendouslinguisticandcognitivediversity.Whilethereareundoubtedlycognitivecommonalitiesacrossallhumanpopulations,ourradicallyvariedculturesfosterprofoundlydifferentcognitiveexperiences.Ifwearetotrulyunderstandhowmuchourcognitivelivesdiffercross-culturally,wemustcontinuallysoundthedepthsofourspecies’linguisticdiversity.
答案
Educatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreincommonthanitmayseem
46.C)Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.
47.A)Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.
48.B)ByplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirOwn.
49.C)Encouragethemtomakethingswithhands.
50.B)Developstudents′creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.
Beinganinformationtechnology,orIT,workerisnotajobIenvy.
51.B)Itdoesnotappealtohim.
52.C)ManyemployeesaredeeplyfrustratedbyIT.
53.D)Employeesbecomemoreconfidentintheirwork.
54.D)Thinkaboutthepossibleeffectsontheiremployees.
55.A)Bydesigningsystemsthatsuittheirneeds.
仔细阅读2-题源
Sugarshocked.
ThatdescribesthereactionofmanyAmericansthisweekfollowingrevelationsthat,50yearsago,thesugarindustrypaidHarvardscientistsforresearchthatdownplayedsugar'sroleinheartdisease—andputthespotlightsquarelyondietaryfat.
Whatmightsurpriseconsumersisjusthowmanypresent-daynutritionstudiesarestillfundedbythefoodindustry.
NutritionscholarMarionNestleofNewYorkUniversityspentayearinformallytrackingindustry-fundedstudiesonfood."Roughly90%ofnearly170studiesfavoredthesponsor'sinterest,"Nestletellsusviaemail.Other,systematicreviewssupportherconclusions.
Forinstance,studiesfundedbyWelchFoods—thebrandbehindWelch's100%GrapeJuice—foundthatdrinkingConcordgrapejuicedailymayboostbrainfunction.Another,fundedbyQuakerOats,concluded,asaDailyMailstoryputit,that"hotoatmealbreakfastkeepsyoufullforlonger."
Whiletheseexamplesmightinducechuckles,thepastyearhasseenseveralexposesthathaveraisedseriousconcernsabouttheextentofindustry'sinfluenceonfoodandnutritionresearchoutcomes.
Lastyear,TheNewYorkTimesrevealedhowCoca-Colawasfundinghigh-profilescientistsandorganizationspromotingamessagethat,inthebattleagainstweightgain,peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontoexerciseandlesstowhattheyeatanddrink.Intheaftermathofthatinvestigation,Coca-Colareleaseddatadetailingitsfundingofseveralmedicalinstitutionsandassociationsbetween2010and2015,fromtheAcademyofFamilyPhysicianstotheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics.Alltold,Coca-Colasaysitgave$132.8milliontowardscientificresearchandpartnerships.
Andearlierthissummer,theAssociatedPressreleasedaninvestigationthatlookedatresearchfundedbytheNationalConfectionersAssociation,atradegroupwhosemembersincludethemakersofTootsieRolls,Hershey'skissesandSnickersbars.Onestudythegroupfundedconcludedthatkidswhoeatcandytendtoweighlessthanthosewhodon't.Inanemailtoherco-author,theAPreported,oneofthescientistsbehindthatstudywrotethatthefindingwas"thinandclearlypadded."Nonetheless,thepaperwaspublishedinajournalcalledFood&NutritionResearch.
"It'sdefinitelyaproblemthatsomuchresearchinnutritionandhealthisfundedbyindustry,"saysBonnieLiebman,directorofnutritionattheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest,anonprofitadvocacygroup."Whenthefoodindustrypaysforresearch,itoftengetswhatitpaysfor."Andwhatitpaysforisoftenapro-industryfinding.
MichaelMossisaninvestigativejournalistwhofocusesonthefoodindustryandauthoroftheexposeSalt,Sugar,Fat:HowTheFoodGiantsHookedUs.Hesaysalotoftimes,foodfirmsarefundingresearchthattheyknowisgoingtogotheirway—afindingtheycantoutontheirpackagingtoswayconsumerstobuytheirproducts.Theproblemis,thefindingsthatgetpublishedmaybeincomplete,highlightingpositiveoutcomeswhileleavingoutnegativeones.Andthen,therearestudiesthataresimplypoorlydesigned.
Asaresearcher,notesMoss,onecantweaktheexperimentaldesign"insubtlewaysthatcanleadtoadesiredconclusion—whetheryou'retakingmoneyfromindustryoryouyourselfhaveapassionorconclusionyouwant"tosee,hesays."There'sjustalotofbadresearchoutthere."
Andyet,aswe'vereportedbefore,thisjunknutritionsciencefrequentlygetstoutedinpressreleaseswrittentodrumupinterest,thenpickedupanddisseminatedbyjournalistswholackthewherewithaltospotthebadresearchmethodology.InMay2015,sciencejournalistJohnBohannonhighlightedexactlyhowthisprocessplaysout:Heconductedareal—butreallypoorlydesigned—studythatconcludedeatingchocolatecanhelpyouloseweight,thenwatchedasmediaoutletsranwiththestudy.
WhileBohannon'sstudywasadeliberatehoaxdesignedtoexposetheflawsinnutritionsciencejournalism,similarlybadstudiesgetreportedonallthetime.AsGarySchwitzerofHealthNewsReview,awatchdoggroupforthemedia'scoverageofhealth,tolduslastyear,theproblemisextensive."Wehaveexamplesofjournalistsreportingonastudythatwasneverdone,"hetoldusin2015."Wehavenewsreleasesfrommedicaljournals,academicinstitutionsandindustrythatmisleadjournalists,whothenmisleadthepublic."
Giventhisenvironment,wherebadscienceonwhattoeatordrinkispervasive,what'saconsumertodo
Beskepticalwhenreadingaboutthelatestfindinginnutritionscience,saysMoss.
Ignorethelateststudythatpopsuponyournewsfeed,addsLiebman."Relyonhealthexpertswho'vereviewedalltheevidence,"shesays.ShepointstotheofficialgovernmentDietaryGuidelines,whicharebasedonreviewsofdozensorhundredsofstudies."Expertsareabletosiftthroughtheevidenceandseparatethegoodfrombad,"shesays.
Andthatexpertadviceremainsprettysimple,saysNestle."Weknowwhathealthydietsare—lotsofvegetables,nottoomuchjunkfood,balancedcalories.Everythingelseisreallydifficulttodoexperimentally."
Sugarshocked.ThatdescribesthereactionofmanyAmericansthisweekfollowingrevalations
46.B)Theyturnedpublicattentionawayfromthehealthrisks
ofsugartofat
47.D)Nearlyallofthemservethepurposeofthefunders
48.A)Exerciseismoreimportanttogoodhealththandiet
49.C)Itrarelyresultsinobjectivefindings
50.D)Thinktwiceaboutnewnutritionresearchfindings
51.C)Howpeopleviewedsuccessinhisfatherstime
52.B)Itwasawaytoadvanceintheircareer
53.A)Theyareoftenregardedasmosttreasuredtalents
54.C)Whatkindofpeoplecancontributemoretothem
55.D)Itwillbringaboutradicaleconomicandsocialchanges.
仔细阅读3-题源
Boredomhasbecometrendy.Studiespointtohowboredomisgoodforcreativityandinnovation,aswellasmentalhealth.Forexample,a2014studypublishedintheCreativityResearchJournalfoundthatpeopleweremorecreativefollowingthecompletionofatedioustask.AnotherpieceofresearchpublishedinthesameyearbytheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychologyfoundthatwhenpeoplewerebored,theyhadanincreasein“associativethought”—theprocessofmakingnewconnectionsbetweenideas,whichislinkedtoinnovativethinking.Thesestudiesareimpressive,butinreality,thebenefitsofboredommayberelatedtohavingtimetoclearyourmind,bequiet,ordaydream.
Thetruthis,pureboredomisn’tpleasant.OnestudypublishedinSciencefoundthatparticipants(67%ofmenand25%ofwomen)chosetoadministeranelectricshocktothemselvesratherthantositandthinkquietlyfor6to15minutes.Inaddition,aWashingtonStateUniversitystudyshowsboredomisontherise,especiallyinadolescentgirls.Thisisaproblem,sinceboredomcanhavenegativeconsequencesthatleadtoeverythingfromovereatingtoissueswithdrugs,drinking,orgambling.
Inourstimulation-richworld,itseemsunrealisticthatboredomcouldoccuratall.Yet,therearelegitimatereasonsboredommayfeelsopainful.Asitturnsout,boredommightsignalthefactthatyouhaveaneedthatisn’tbeingmet.
Ouralways-onworldofsocialmediamayresultinmoreconnections,buttheyaresuperficialandcangetinthewayofbuildingarealsenseofbelonging.Feelingboredmaysignalthedesireforagreatersenseofcommunityandthefeelingthatyoufitinwithothersaroundyou.Sotakethestepofjoiningaclub,organization,orassociationtobuildface-to-facerelationshipsandcreatenewfriendships.You’llfinddepththatyouwon’tgetfromyourscreennomatterhowmanylikesyougetonyourpost.
Similartotheneedforbelonging,boredpeopleoftenreportthattheyfeelalimitedsenseofmeaning.It’safundamentalhumanneedtohavealargerpurposeandtofeellikewe’repartofsomethingbiggerthanourselves.A2007UniversityofMississippistudyfoundthatwhenpeoplearebored,they’remorelikelytofeellessmeaningintheirlivesandviceversa.Conversely,a2016studybytheUniversityofSouthamptonfoundthatwhenpeoplevolunteered,theirhappinessincreased.Ifyouwanttoreduceboredomandincreaseyoursenseofmeaning,seekworkthatmatterstoyouwhereyoucanmakeauniquecontribution,orfindacauseyoucansupportwithyourtimeandtalents.
Peoplehavevaryingneedsforstimulationandadrenalinerushes,butingeneral,boredommaybeasignalthatyouneedtopushyourselfabit.Thiscouldbeastretchatworkorinyourleisureactivities.Afterall,happinessiscorrelatedwithbeingchallengedanddevelopingnewskills,andscrollingthroughyoursocialmediaaccountsdoesn’tmeetthisrequirement.Sofindopportunitiestotrynewthings,whetherit’sskydiving,takingonatoughprojectatwork,orstartingahobbythatprovidesafunoutlet.
Oneoftheaspectsofboredomisfeelinglikethingsarethesamefromdaytodayandweektoweek.Somepredictabilityisgoodformentalhealth,butyoumayalsoneedsomevarietyinyourlife.Invitepeopleofdifferentbackgroundsintoyourfriendgroup,jointheunexpectedinterestgroupatwork,orreadmorewidelyonunusualtopics.Thekeyistobroadenyourperspectiveandchangewhatyou’reexposedtoregularly.
InTheShallows:WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,journalistNicholasCarrmakesastrongcaseforthewaysourbrainshavebeenrewiredtoglazethesurfaceofthings,ratherthantogodeep.Buttheabilitytohavemoredepth,processdeeply,andgetintoflowarehallmarksofempathy,connectedness,andhappiness.Findaprojectthatyoucanloseyourselfin,becauseit’ssoexciting,orsetasidetimetosolveathornyproblem.Thesekindsofdeepthinkingcangofarinalleviatingboredom.
Ifyourdefinitionofboredomisbeingquiet,mindful,andmeditative,keepitup.Butifyou’rewrestlingwithrealboredomandtheemptinessitprovokes,considerwhetheryoumightseeknewconnections,moremeaning,moresignificantchallenges,diversityofexperiences,ormoredepthinyourefforts.Thesearethethingsthatwillgenuinelyalleviateboredomandmakeyoumoreeffectiveintheprocess.
Boredomhasbecometrendy.Studiespointtohowboredomisgoodforcreativity
46.A)Itfacilitatesinnovativethinking.
47.A)Aneedtobeleftalone
48.C)Itmaypreventpeoplefromdevelopingagenuinesenseofcommunity.
49.B)Reflectonhowtheyrelatetoothers
50.D)Devotethemselvestoaworthycause
CanyourememberwhatyouateyesterdayIfasked,mostpeoplewillbe..
51.A)Calorieconsumptionhadfallendrasticallyoverthedecades
52.A)Peoplescalorieintakewasfarfromaccuratelyreported
53.B)Theyoverlookthepotentialcausesofobesity
54.A)Thegrowingtrendofeatingout
55.B]Makesurepeopleeatnon-fatteningfood
选词填空1
MostanimalsseekshadewhentemperaturesintheSaharaDesertsoar..
26.C)crawling
27.F)hunt
28.E)extreme
29.K)species
30.6)literally
31.M)thick
32.J)removed
33.N)tiny
34.0)unique
35.A)adapting.
选词填空2
Socialisolationposesmorehealthrisksthanobesity…
26.I)implication
27.B)appointments
28.D)debating
29.0)touches
30.C)consequences
31.L)sparked
32.F)friendly
33.J)pushing
34.N)survey
35.K)severely
选词填空3
Nowadaysyoucan'tbuyanyhingwithoutthenbeingaskedtoprovide..
26.E)experience
27.B)commonplace
28.J)routinely
29.D)desperate
30.H)prompted
31.I)roughly
32.K)shining
33.O)wonder
34.C)confess
35.G)option
翻译
铁观音(Tieguanyin)是中国最受欢迎的茶之一，原产自福建省安溪县西坪镇，如今安溪全县普遍种植，但该县不同地区生产的铁观音又各具风味。铁观音一年四季均可采摘，尤以春秋两季采摘的茶叶品质最佳。铁观音加工非常复杂，需要专门的技术和丰富的经验。铁观音含有多种维生素，喝起来口感独特。常饮铁观音有助于预防心脏病、降低血压、增强记忆力。
TieguanyinisoneofthemostpopulartypesofteainChina.OriginallygrowninthetownofXiping,AnxiCounty,FujianProvince,TieguanyinisnowwidelyplantedintheentirecountyofAnxi,buttheteafromdifferentregionsofthecountytastesdifferently.Tieguanyincanbepickedinanyseasonthroughouttheyear,whiletheteaharvestedinspringandautumnisofthebestquality.TheprocessingofTieguanyinisverycomplexasitrequiresprofessionalskillsandsophisticatedexperiences.Tieguanyincontainsmanykindsofvitaminsandhasauniqueflavour.Ithelpspreventheartdiseases,lowerbloodpressureandimprovememoryifconsumedregularly.
LongjingisatypeofgreenteawhichismainlyproducedinZhejiangProvinceinthecoastalareaineastChina.Withtheuniquefragranceandflavour,theteaiswellrecognizedasChinasFamousTeawhichenjoysgreatpopularityathomeandalsoincreasingpopularityoverseasLongjingisusuallyhandmade.Itcanbeextremelyexpensiveorcomparativecheap,whichdependsontheorigin,thepickingtimeandtheworkmanship.AsitcontainsrichVitaminCandmanyotherbeneficialelements,theteahelpsrelievefatigueanddelaytheagingprocessifonedrinksitregularly.
PuerisoneofthemostpopulartypesofteaamongtheChinesepeople,withitsbestproducedinXishuangbanna,YunnanProvince.wheretheclimateandtheenvironmentprovidetheteawiththebestgrowingconditions.Puerteafeaturescomparativelydarkcolourandtotallydifferentfla-vour.Thelongeritbrews,thebetterittastes.ManyPueroversespeciallyfancyitsuniquefragranceandflavour.Asitcontainsmanybeneficialelements,theteahelpsnotonlyprotecttheheartandbloodvesselsbutalsoloseweight,relievefatigueandimprovedigestionifonedrinksitregularly
作文
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonarepeoplebecomingaddictedtotechnology.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
参考范文
Nowadays,wearewitnessingasurgeintechnologyinallaspects.People’sviewsvarygreatlyonwhetherthistrendarecausingpeople’saddiction.Inmypointofview,beingimmersedinaseaoftechnologywilldefinitelyharmpeople’slife,evenmakethembecomeaddicted.
Foronething,despitethefactthatsometechnologies,areinventedtohelppeople,manyofthemaremadetoattractpeople’sattentionandmakeprofit.Unawareofthis,onewouldeasilygettrappedintheworldoftechnology,likecomputertechnology,andlosehimself.Foranother,sincemostofusarelivinginahighlydigitalizedsociety,fewcanescapefromtheinfluenceoftheirfriendsandfamilieswhoarealreadyaddictstotechnology.
Allinall,withoutstrictgovernmentrestrictionandproperguidanceoncomputertechnology,peopleareexposedtotheriskofbeingaddicted.Itisalsonecessaryforeveryonetoresistthistemptationandmaintaingoodself-discipline.
如今，我们正目睹科技在各个方面的飞速发展。对于这种趋势是否会导致人们上瘾，人们的看法大相径庭。在我看来，沉浸在技术的海洋中肯定会伤害人们的生活，甚至使他们上瘾。
一方面，尽管有些技术是为了帮助人们而发明的，但其中许多技术是为了吸引人们的注意力和盈利。没有意识到这一点，一个人很容易陷入科技、尤其是电脑科技的世界中，迷失自我。另一方面，由于我们大多数人生活在一个高度数字化的社会，很少有人能够摆脱他们已经沉迷于科技的朋友和家人的影响。
总而言之，如果没有政府的严格限制和对于科技的适当指导，人们将面临上瘾的危险。每个人都必须抵制这种诱惑，保持良好的自律。
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonwhetherviolentvideogamesonlinewillcausestudents’violentbehaviors.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Nowadays,violentvideogamesonlinehavebecomeincreasinglypopularamongstudents.Manypeopleholdtheviewthatsuchviolentgamescancausepropensityforviolencewhileothersthinkthatthosegamesareonlycreatedforfun.
Inmyopinion,suchgamesdoleadtoatendencyofviolencetosomeextent.Ontheonehand,studentsareeasiertobemisguidedbysomeviolentbehaviorsinthosegamessincetheyarenotmatureenoughtotellrightfromwrong.Consequently,theywillprobablyimitatethesebehaviorsinreallife.Ontheotherhand,somestudentscandowhatareforbiddeninreallifewhilepermittedinthesegames,duringwhichtheygraduallydevelopthequalityofviolenceandbecomeeasiertomakeaggressivebehaviorswhenconflictingwithothers.
Tosumup,Ithinkweshouldreduceourtimespentonthoseviolentvideogamesanddomoremeaningfulthingstoliveourlifetothefullest.
如今，网络暴力游戏在学生中越来越流行。许多人认为这种暴力游戏会导致暴力倾向，而另一些人则认为这些游戏的开发初衷只是为了好玩。
在我看来，这类游戏在某种程度上确实会导致暴力倾向。一方面，学生很容易被这些游戏中的一些暴力行为所误导，因为他们还不够成熟，不能辨别对错。因此，他们可能会在现实生活中模仿这些行为。另一方面，一些学生可以在游戏中做一些在现实生活中被禁止而在游戏中被允许的事情，在游戏中他们逐渐发展出了暴力的品质，在与他人发生冲突时更容易做出攻击性的行为。
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonwhethertechnologywillmakepeoplelazy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
Inpresentsociety,therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtalotofconveniencetopeople’slife.Butahostofpeopleshowconcernsthattheconvenienceofthetechnologyismakingpeoplelazierthanbefore.
Frommypointofview,technologydoesnotmakepeoplelazy.Firstofall,everyadvanceinhumanhistoryistheresultoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andthisprogresswillpromotethedevelopmentofhumanproductivity.Secondly,technologycanliberatehumanbeingsfromtediousmanuallabor,soastocarryoutmoremeaningfulinnovationactivities.Finally,humanbeingsdobenefitfromtechnologicalprogress,buttheydonotbecomelazybecausesocietyalwaysevolveswithtime.
Tosumup,Ithinkweshouldinvestmoreinscienceandtechnologyanddevelopnewandmorecreativeindustries.Atthesametime,someexploratorypracticesareoughttobecarriedoutaswelltoavoidbeinglazy.
如今社会，科技发展日新月异，这为人们的生活带来了很多便利。但是也有很多人认为这种科技带来的便利性正使人变得越来越懒惰。
在我看来，科技并不会让人变懒惰。首先，人类历史上的每一次进步都是科技发展的结果。而这种进步又会促进人类生产力的发展。其次，科技可以将人类从繁琐的体力劳动中解放出来，从而进行更有意义的创新活动。最后，人类确实从科技进步中获益，但并不会变懒惰，因为社会是一直在进步的。
总之，我认为我们应该加大在科技方面的投入，发展新的、更具创造力的产业，同时还应该避免懒惰，进行一些探索性的实践。
以上就是为大家整理的2021年6月英语四级考试真题及答案，希望能够对大家有所帮助。四级真题的含金量很高，对于提升四级成绩还是很有帮助的。