上一期,我们聊了美国急诊科的人员构成:「急诊科只需要医护?美国医生:还有他们!」这次让我们谈一谈中美急诊科住院医师培养。
本期我们来聊聊美国急诊科医生培训制度。
想知道,美剧《ER》中的急诊科医生都经历了哪些?
来听Dr.Hou聊聊……《美国急诊科医生培训制度》
中美医生介绍
美国医生:侯全益医生,哈佛医学院急诊科讲师,布列根和妇女医院急诊科医生,外科ICU重症监护专家。U.S.doctor:Dr.PeterHouisanInstructorinEmergencyMedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,anEmergencyPhysicianatBrighamandWomen’sHospital,andacriticalcarespecialistintheSurgicalICU.
WhenIwasrotatinginmyhospitalinBeijing,aGradeATier3hospitalaffiliatedwithPekingUniversityseveralyearsago,Iheardthatthelengthofemergencymedicine(EM)residencytrainingwasabout36months.TheresidentwouldrotateindifferentareasoftheEDfor18monthsandwouldspendtherestofthetimerotatinginotherspecialtiessuchasanesthesiology,surgery,internalmedicine,OB/GYN,pediatrics,etc.HowaboutthatintheUS
Dr.侯:美国目前有237个急诊医学住院医师培训项目,其中160个为3年期,77个为4年期。我们的布列根和妇女医院(BWH)/麻省总院(MGH)哈佛附属急诊医学住院医师培训(HAEMR)项目是4年。
Therearecurrently237EMresidencyprogramswith160thatare3-yearsand77thatare4-years.AsforourcombinedBrighamandWomen’sHospital(BWH)/MassachusettsGeneralHospital(MGH)HarvardAffiliatedEmergencyMedicineResidency(HAEMR)program,itis4years.
Dr.宋:您能和我讲讲每一年的培训计划是怎样的吗?
Canyoutellmemoreabouteachyear’sschedule
Dr.侯:第一年的培养目标是为实习医生(注:第一年住院医师统称实习医生)提供基本技能和知识的训练。实习医生在BWH和MGH的急诊室轮转5个月,在波士顿儿童医院(BCH)儿科急诊轮转1个月,儿科重症监护病房(ICU)轮转1个月,MGH内科ICU轮转1个月。此外,他们在实习医生训练营、内科、妇产科、麻醉科和超声科(US)轮转。
Thegoalsofthefirstyeararetoprovideinternswithunderlyingskillsandafundofknowledge.InternsrotateintheEDsatBWHandMGHfor5months,inPediatricEDatBostonChildren’sHospital(BCH)for1month,andPediatricICUfor1month,andMedicalICUatMGHfor1month.Additionally,theyhaverotationsininternbootcamp,internalmedicine,OB/GYN,anesthesia,andultrasound(US).
在第二年,住院医师的培养重点是掌握患者的个体化治疗,并在BWH和MGH急诊轮转5个半月,在BCH和MGH的儿科急诊各轮转1个月,并在BWH和MGH的外科ICU上各轮转1个月。其他轮转科室包括心脏加强病房(注:加强病房介于重症监护病房和普通病房之间)、整形外科、毒理学、眼科、耳鼻喉科、急救医疗服务(EMS)和自选科室。
Inthe2ndyear,residentsfocusonmasteringindividualpatientcareandrotateatBWHandMGHEDsfor51/2months,inpediatricEDatBCHandMGH,inSurgicalICUsatBWHandMGH,eachfor1month.OtherrotationsincludeCardiacstep-downunit,Orthopedics,Toxicology,Ophthalmology,Otolaryngology,EmergencyMedicalServices(EMS),andElectiveblock.
第三年的主要目标是掌握管理多个患者所必要的技能,并在BWH和MGH的8个急诊轮转单元中担任监督(低年资住院医师)角色,并为实习医生和医学生提供教学。其他轮转包括社区医院轮转,BCH的急诊科和2个自选科室单元。
Theprimarygoalsofthe3rdyeararetoacquiretheskillsnecessarytomanagemultiplepatientsandtoassumeasupervisoryroleinthe8EDrotationsatBWHandMGHandtoteachjuniorhouse-staffandmedicalstudents.OtherrotationsincludeacommunityhospitalEDrotation,EDatBCH,and2Electiveblocks.
在第四年,高年资住院医师担任监督性质的急诊科医生(EP),在急诊科主治医师指导下指挥主要的抢救、病人治疗,以及急诊科病人流量和流向,为期8个月。其他轮转包括行政管理、眼科学、耳鼻喉科、毒理学、教学单元和2个自选科室单元。
Inthe4thyear,seniorresidentsfunctionasthesupervisoryemergencyphysician(EP)anddirectsmajorresuscitations,patientcare,andEDflowundertheguidanceoftheEMattendingsfor8months.OtherrotationsincludeAdministration,Opthalmology,Otolaryngology,Toxicology,Teachingblock,and2Electives.
最后也最重要的是,四年培训中每年都有一个月的假期。
Lastandmostimportantly,thereisavacationmonthineachofthefouryears.
Dr.宋:谢谢。他们真的得到了不同专业的多种培训。
Thankyou.Theyreallyreceiveawidevarietyoftrainingamongdifferentspecialties.
Dr.侯:是的,我们这个培训项目为期四年的一个原因是让住院医师从第二年开始就在他们的自选科室轮转中探索其对亚专科的兴趣。
Yes,onereasonoursisa4-yearprogramistoallowtheresidentsstartingintheir2ndyeartoexplorefurtherinterestduringtheirElectiverotations.
Dr.宋:确实,那么您能和我们介绍一下自选科室轮转吗?
Exactly,couldyoutellusmoreabouttheseElectives
Residentscanchoosetousethistimetolearnabouttheirowninterestfromvariousspecialties.Forexample,seniorresidentsarerequiredtopresentanacademicprojectbeforetheygraduatesomanyusethistimetoworkontheirs.Projectsarerelatedtoresearch,education,innovation,quality-andprocess-improvement,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.
Dr.宋:我明白了,急诊医学还有进一步的进修吗?
Isee,aretherefurtheradvancetraininginemergencymedicine
Dr.侯:是的,住院医师可以申请重症监护、儿科、毒理学、EMS、运动医学、疼痛医学、临终关怀和姑息治疗医学,以及海底和高压医学这些美国急诊医学资格认证委员会的亚专科认证。此外,还有其他不需要亚专科认证的进修项目,如国际医学、全球健康、超声、研究、模拟、中风、公共政策和行政管理。
Yes,residentscanapplyforfellowshipswithAmericanBoardsubspecialtycertificationinCriticalCare,Pediatrics,Toxicology,EMS,SportsMedicine,PainMedicine,HospiceandPalliativeCareMedicine,andUnderseaandHyperbaricMedicine.Additionally,thereareotherfellowshipswithoutsubspecialtycertificationsuchasInternationalMedicine、GlobalHealth、Ultrasound,Research、Simulation、Stroke、PublicPolicy、andAdministration.
Thankyouforyourtimeandinsight.So,whatshouldwetalkaboutnexttime
下一期讲什么?
whatwillwetalkabout
参考资料
1.EmergencyMedicineResidencyAssociation(EMRA,美国急诊医学住院医师协会网站)
2.AmericanBoardofEmergencyMedicine(ABEM,美国急诊医学资格认证委员会网站)