对于很多宠物医生而言,肝脏病是一类较难诊断的疾病,很多时候可能无法给出一个明确的病名。单纯借鉴人医的诊断方法以及分类标准是不科学的,人肝脏病的发病机制以及分类标准与犬猫不尽一致。下面是我摘取的2009年世界小动物兽医师协会(WSAVA)标准委员会对于肝脏病的分类指导标准,涵盖了临床上的各种肝脏疾病。希望对大家有所裨益。
世界小动物兽医师协会标准委员会对于犬猫肝脏疾病分类的指导标准
1肝脏循环障碍的形态学分型(MorphologicClassificationofCirculatoryDisorderofTheLiver)
1.1先天性门体分流(CongenialPortosystemicShunts)
1.2.1门静脉梗阻(Portalveinobstruction)
1.2.2门静脉原发性发育不全(Primaryhypoplasiaoftheportalvein(microvasculardysplasiaandnoncirrhoticportalhypertension))
1.2.3肝内动静脉瘘(Intrahepaticarteriovenousfistulas)
1.3偶发性血管病征(IncidentalVascularDisorders)
1.3.1紫癜样肝病(Peliosishepatis)
2胆病的形态学分型(MorphologicClassificationofBiliaryDisorders)
2.1孤立性胆管囊肿(SolitaryBiliaryCysts)
2.2先天性胆囊疾病(CongenitalBiliaryCysticDisease)
2.2.1胆汁淤积(Cholestasis)
3炎症(Inflammation)
3.1胆管炎(Cholangitis)
3.1.1嗜中性胆管炎(Neutrophiliccholangitis)
3.1.2淋巴细胞性胆管炎(Lymphocyticcholangitis)
3.1.3破坏性胆管炎(Destructivecholangitis)
3.1.4慢性胆管炎(Chroniccholangitis)
4胆囊损伤(GallbladderLesions)
4.1胆石病(Cholelithiasis)
4.2胆囊黏膜增生(CysticMucosalHyperplasia)
4.3胆囊粘液囊肿(GallbladderMucocele)
4.4胆囊梗死(GallbladderInfarcts)
4.5胆囊炎(Cholecystitis)
5犬猫肝脏实质疾病的形态学分型(MorphologicClassificationofParenchymalDisordersofTheCanineandFelineLiver)
5.1实质疾病概述(IntroductiontoParenchymalDiseases)
5.2可逆性损伤(ReversibleInjury)
5.2.1肝细胞肿胀(Hepatocellularswelling)
5.2.2空泡变化(Vacuolarchange)
5.2.3类固醇诱导性肝病(Steroid-inducedhepatopathy)
5.2.4肝细胞脂肪变性(脂肪沉积和脂肪变化)(Hepatocellarsteatosis(lipidosisandfattychange))
5.3淀粉样变(Amyloidosis)
6肝细胞死亡(HepatocyteDeath)
6.1肝脏对于肝细胞损伤的反应(ResponseoftheLivertoHepatocellularInjury)
6.2急性肝炎(AcuteHepatitis)
7急性肝细胞坏死和炎症的特异感染性病因(SpecificInfectiousCausesofAcuteHepatocellularNecrosisandInflammation)
7.1病毒性疾病(ViralDiseases)
7.1.1疱疹病毒(Herpesvirus)
7.1.2腺病毒(Adenovirus)
7.1.3冠状病毒(Coronavirus)
7.2细菌性疾病(BacterialDiseases)
7.3原虫病(ProtozoalDisease)
7.3.1中毒性肝损伤(Toxicliverinjury)
7.3.2慢性肝炎(Chronichepatitis)
8肝硬化(Cirrhosis)
8.1小叶解离性肝炎(LobularDissectingHepatitis)
8.2非特异反应性肝炎(NonspecificReactiveHepatitis)
8.3嗜酸性肝炎(EosinophilicHepatitis)
8.4肝脏脓肿和肉芽肿(HepaticAbscessesandGranulomas)
8.5肝脏蓄积性疾病(HepaticStorageDisorders)
9肝脏肿瘤和增生(HepaticNeoplasiaandHyperplasia)
9.1结节性增生(NodularHyperplasia)
9.2再生性结节(RegenerativeNodules)
9.3肝细胞腺瘤(HepatocellularAdenoma)
9.4肝细胞癌(HepatocellularCarcinoma)
9.5胆管细胞腺瘤(胆管腺瘤)(CholangiocellularAdenoma(BiliaryAdenoma))
9.6胆管细胞癌(胆管癌)(CholangiocellularCarcinoma(BiliaryCarcinoma))
9.7混合性肝细胞和胆管细胞癌(MixedHepatocellarandCholangiocellularCarcinomas)
9.7.1类癌(Carcinoids)
9.7.2肝脏混合性原发性间质肿瘤(Miscellaneousprimarymesenchymalneoplasmsoftheliver)