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2024.11.18
一、Ankylosingspondylitis强直性脊柱炎
强直性脊柱炎是一种影响到全脊椎的骨性关节炎病变。临床主要表现为僵硬、僵直。影像主要表现为脊椎及骶髂关节骨化,形如竹节样特征性表现,称为竹节椎。主要是椎体及韧带炎性改变,刺激骨质边缘增生、骨性融合、韧带骨化并闭合。
Ankylosingspondylitisisatypeofarthritisthatcausesinflammationincertainpartsofspine.Ankylosingmeansstiffandrigid.spondymeansbone.itismeansinflammation.Themainmanifestionisbamboo-likeossificaiotninspineandsacroiliacjoint,socalledisbamboospine.Progressiveinflammationmaystimulatehyperosgeny,bonyfusion,syndesmorrhaphy.
Thefollowingtwoimagesshowinflammationinendpalatesandfacetarticularsstimulatemarginofvertebrae,osteophyteprotrudesandfuseswithgrowingage.
下图演示正常脊椎转变为强直性脊柱炎过程,椎体韧带及关节产生炎性病变,骨质边缘外突,前后纵韧带、棘上韧带、棘间韧带完全融合,形成竹节样改变。
ThefollowingimageshowsprocedurefromnormalspinetoAnkylosingspondylitis.Inflammationinvertebrae,ligamentsandfacetarticularispresent.Itlookslikebamboobecauseoffusionofvertebraemarginandligamentsaroundspine.
下图颈椎侧位片可见颈椎骨质边缘、前后纵韧带、棘上韧带、棘间韧带骨化并融合,形如竹节样改变。
Thefollowinglateralfilmofcervicalshowsbamboo-likefusedossificationincervicalvertebraeandligaments.
下图腰椎侧位片可见骨质边缘、前后纵韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带骨化并骨性融合,形如竹节样改变。
Thefollowinglateralfilmoflumbarshowsbamboo-likefusedossificationincervicalvertebraeandligaments.
注意红色箭头所示腰椎椎体边缘骨性融合;双侧骶髂关节间隙完全消失并骨性完全融合。
Redarrowshowsfused-ossificationinlumbarspine.Thespacebetweensacroiliacjointdisappearedandfused.
报告模板:
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所见脊椎边缘见条形骨化密度影,多发骨桥形成,形如竹节样改变。
脊椎生理曲度变直,序列规整。所见椎体间隙未见增宽、变窄.各椎体及附件形态未见异常
OssificationofBamboo-likebony-bridgesformationispresentinthespine.Thecurvatureofspineisstraightening.
Thealignmentofspinevertebraearenormal。Nobonydestructionispresentinvertebrae.Thevertebraebodyheihgtsandintervertebralspaceareunremarkble.Noabnormaldensityisfoundinsofttissue.
考虑强直性脊柱炎,建议结合临床。
Bamboo-spine,Ankyloingspondylitisisconsidered,clinicalcorrelationissuggested.
二、Compressionfracture椎体压缩性骨折
椎体压缩性骨折主要是椎体无法负荷外界异常的压力或负重,椎体前缘变扁、塌陷呈楔形改变,主要原因包括摔倒所致损伤、骨质疏松等病变。椎体压缩性骨折主要发生在胸腰段,前缘受压变扁形如楔形改变。
Compressionfractureoccursinnormalspinethatvertebraewearoutbecauseofabnormalbearorstress.Itlookslikewedge-shapedresultsininjury(likefallingdown)orbonequality(likeosteoporosis)andsoon.Itoccursinthoracolumbarsegmentusually.anteriorofvertebralbodyisflattenedandcollapsed.
椎体压缩性骨折多有外伤史或骨质疏松。主要症状包括疼痛、活动受限等。治疗包括保守治疗、骨水泥旷置填充术或金属内固定术。
Compressionfractureresultsininjuryofosteoporosisthatcausespainandstiffness.Mangementincludesconservativetreatment,vertebroplasty,internalfixation.
下图为三维图像显示椎体及附件骨质碎裂、不连续,提示压缩性骨折。
Thefollowing3Dimageillustratesbrokenvertebralbodyandappandages.
下图是真正的楔形木头。
Thefollowingimageshowsrealwedge-shapedwood,thecarpenter'sfavorite.
下图注意椎体下终板、后纵韧带密度明显不均,提示骨折合并后纵韧带撕裂。
Thefollowingimageshowsheterogeneousdensityoflowerendplateandposteriorlongitudinalligamenttiptearofthem.
下图红色箭头见椎体变扁,上终板骨质不连续,骨质密度增高。
Thefollowingimageshowsvertebralbodyisflattened,upperendplateisnotcontinuousandincreaseddensity.Theadjacentvertebralbodyisnormal.
下图是一个重度压缩性骨折患者,注意腰段后突,椎体前缘极度变扁,后缘骨质后突入椎管,椎管变窄,椎弓及棘突骨折,本例患者合并脊髓损伤。
Thefollowingimageshowsseverecompressionfracturewithcollapsedanterioraspectofvertebralbodyandposterioraspectofvertebralbodyconcavingbackward.Itiscalledkyphosis.spinalbonycanalisstenosiswithinjuryofspinalcord.MRIconfirmthediagnosis.
下图腰椎侧位片,红色箭头所示椎体前缘变扁呈楔形改变。注意这是一个未成年人。
Thefollowinglaterallumbarimageshowswedge-shapedvertebralbody.noticethatisachild.
报告模板
reporttemplate
腰1椎体变扁呈楔形改变,骨质密度不均。
腰椎生理曲度正常。所见腰椎椎体间隙未见增宽、变窄.各椎体及附件形态、骨质密度未见异常。周围软组织未见异常。
TheanteriorvertebralbodyofL1isflattenedwithwedge-shapeddeformationwhichdensityisheterogenous.
Thecurvatureoflumbarvertebraeisnormal。Nobonydestructionandhyperosteogenyispresentinvertebrae.Thevertebraebodyheihgtsandintervertebralspaceareunremarkble.Noabnormaldensityisfoundinsofttissue.
腰1椎体压缩性骨折。
CompressionfractureofL1vertebralbody.
三、Transitionalvertebrae移行椎
正常脊椎由33块椎体共同组成。在人体生长过程中,如果椎体数量发生变异,就会形成移行椎。
Normalspineisastackbonesthat33vertebraemakeupspinalcolumn.Transitionalvertebraevariesinvertebraenumberswithgrowingage.
颈椎一般数量不发生变异,部分椎体可能局部融合形成融合椎,主要发生在寰枢椎及C5/6椎体。胸椎数量变化很少。
Thereare7vertebraeincervical.Partofvertebraemaybefused(Socalledfusedvertebrae).ItoccusinC1/2andC5/6vertebralbody,usually.Variationinthoracicvertebraenumbersisveryrare.
腰骶椎椎体容易发生数量变异,比如腰椎L5椎体分离与骶椎融合即腰椎骶化,骶椎S1椎体分离与腰椎融合即骶椎腰化。
VariationinLumbosacralvertebraenumbersisverycommon.OneofthecommonestabnormalitesinthelumbarvertebraeisapartialfusionofvertebraL5withthesacrum(socalledsacralizationofL5vertebrae);TheotherisapartialfusionofvertebraeS1wthlumbar(SocalledlumbarizationofS1vertebrae).
下图为腰椎骶化。腰椎呈4节。注意黄色箭头所示为第12肋骨。绿色箭头为正常腰椎。红色箭头为移行椎椎体,腰5椎体双侧横突与骶骨部分骨性融合。
下两图为腰椎正侧位片,可见腰椎呈6节,提示骶椎腰化,最后一节为骶1椎体分离。
腰椎椎体呈6节。
腰椎生理曲度正常。余所见腰椎椎体间隙未见增宽、变窄.各椎体及附件形态、骨质密度未见异常。周围软组织未见异常。
Sixthlumbarvertebraeispresent.
Thecurvatureoflumbarvertebraearenormal。Nobonydestructionandhyperosteogenyispresentinvertebrae.Thevertebraebodyheightsandintervertebralspaceareunremarkble.Noabnormaldensityisfoundinsofttissue.
移行椎(骶椎腰化)。
Lumbosacraltransitionalvertebrae(LumbarizationofS1).
腰椎椎体呈4节。
Fourthlumbarvertebraeispresent.
移行椎(腰椎骶化)。
Lumbosacraltransitionalvertebrae(sacralizationofL5).
小结:通过讲述强直性脊柱炎、压缩性骨折、移行椎三种疾病影像表现来学习中英文报告的书写方法,重点在于掌握疾病影像特征,准确给出结论。