Mostresearchersreportedhavingprideintheirinstitutionsandpassionfortheirwork,butspokeofthehighpersonaltolloftheirenvironment.
词汇：toll：损失，伤害
解析：Mostresearchers主语reported（谓语动词）havingprideintheirinstitutionsandpassionfortheirwork,（宾语）butspokeof（谓语动词）thehighpersonaltolloftheirenvironment.（宾语）
参考译文：大多数研究人员表示对所属机构感到自豪，并对工作充满热情，但也谈及了所处环境造成的巨大个人伤害。
Manyacceptedthatpressureandlonghourscamewiththeterritory.
词汇：
解析：Many（主语）accepted（谓语动词）thatpressureandlonghourscamewiththeterritory.（宾语从句）
Butresearcherssaidthatthesituationwasworseningandthatthenegativeaspectswerenolongeroffsetbyjobsecurityandtheabilitytoworkautonomously,flexiblyandcreatively.
词汇突破：offset：抵消，消解=cancelout
解析：Butresearcherssaidthat（thesituationwasworsening宾语从句一）andthat（thenegativeaspectswerenolongeroffsetbyjobsecurityandtheability状语toworkautonomously,flexiblyandcreatively定语修饰ability）宾语从句二）.
参考译文：但他们说，情况正在恶化，而且这些消极面不再被职业稳定和自主、灵活及创造性工作的能力所抵消。
Considerhowlife-enhancing—andevenlife-saving—technologieshavefailedtobetakenup.‘Vaccinehesitancy’ismoreasocialphenomenonthanatechnicalone,andthemaincauseofmeaslesreturn.Solutionsdependnotonmedicalbreakthroughs,butoninsightfromanthropologists,whohavedonemuchtounderstandpeople’sdecisionsaboutwhethertovaccinatethemselvesandtheirchildren.
Considerhowlife-enhancing—andevenlife-saving—technologieshavefailedtobetakenup.
词汇：takeup吸取,接纳
解析:Consider（动词）howlife-enhancing—andevenlife-saving—technologieshavefailedtobetakenup（宾语从句）.参考译文：想想那些能改善生活甚至挽救生命的技术是怎样不被采用的。
‘Vaccinehesitancy’ismoreasocialphenomenonthanatechnicalone,andthemaincauseofmeaslesreturn.
词汇：measlesn.麻疹
解析：‘Vaccinehesitancy’ismoreasocialphenomenonthanatechnicalone（表语并列成分1和2）,andthemaincauseofmeaslesreturn（并列成分3）.（moreAthanB；是A，而不是B=与其说是B，不如说是A）
参考译文：“疫苗犹豫”与其说是一种技术现象，不如说更是一种社会现象，也是麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因。
Solutionsdependnotonmedicalbreakthroughs,butoninsightfromanthropologists,whohavedonemuchtounderstandpeople’sdecisionsaboutwhethertovaccinatethemselvesandtheirchildren.
解析：Solutionsdependnotonmedicalbreakthroughs,（宾语1）butoninsightfromanthropologists（宾语2）,whohavedonemuchtounderstandpeople’sdecisionsaboutwhethertovaccinatethemselvesandtheirchildren.（定语从句）
参考译文：解决方案不取决于医学突破，而是人类学家们的洞见，他们为理解人们是否给自己和孩子接种疫苗的决定做了许多工作。
Ina2018surveybyInternetRetailer,shippingchargeswerecitedasthemostcommonreasonshoppersabandontheircarts,toppingthecomplaintlistfornearlyathirdofrespondents,aheadofthingslikenotwantingtocreateanaccountandbeingunsureofthestore’sreturnpolicy.
解析：Ina2018surveybyInternetRetailer（状语）,shippingchargeswerecitedasthemostcommonreason（主干）shoppersabandontheircarts（定语）,toppingthecomplaintlistfornearlyathirdofrespondents,定语做插入语/aheadofthingslike（notwantingtocreateanaccount列举1）andbeingunsureofthestore’sreturnpolicy（列举2）.(定语）
参考译文：在《互联网零售指南》2018年的一项调查中，运费被视为购物者清空购物车的最常见原因，近三分之一的受访者将其列为最不受欢迎清单之首，排在不想创建账户和不确定商家的退货政策之前。
TherecentlypublishedBuildYourselfHappy:TheJoyofLegoPlaypromisesthatgettinghands-oncanimproveyourcognitiveskillsandallowyoutopractisemindfulness.Formany,itisareactiontothestressesofmodernadultlife,arelieffromtheconstantmediationofexperiencethroughascreen,andarareopportunitytobeinundisputedchargeofthings.
TherecentlypublishedBuildYourselfHappy:TheJoyofLegoPlaypromisesthatgettinghands-oncanimproveyourcognitiveskillsandallowyoutopractisemindfulness.
解析：TherecentlypublishedBuildYourselfHappy:TheJoyofLegoPlay（主语）promises（动词）thatgettinghands-oncanimproveyourcognitiveskillsandallowyoutopractisemindfulness.（宾语从句，动词并列）
参考译文：最近出版的《构建快乐：乐高游戏的喜悦》中允诺，动手能提高认知能力，并让人练习专注力。
Formany,itisareactiontothestressesofmodernadultlife,arelieffromtheconstantmediationofexperiencethroughascreen,andarareopportunitytobeinundisputedchargeofthings.
解析：Formany,（状语）itisareactiontothestressesofmodernadultlife,arelieffromtheconstantmediationofexperiencethroughascreen,andarareopportunitytobeinundisputedchargeofthings（斜体的是并列表语，粗体的是定语）.
参考译文：对于许多人来说，这是对现代成人生活压力的一种应对，对于不断游离于屏幕之间的体验而言是一种解脱，是一种能无争议地把握所有的难得机会。
解析：stressful的意思是“紧张的，压力大的”，文中说成人玩乐高可解压，不选A，而且也不能说作者的态度是有压力的。indispensable意为“不可取代的”，文中并没有提到，且说乐高不可取代语气过重了，不选B。dubious意为“可疑的，暧昧的”，但文中显示对乐高持支持态度，故也不选D。supportive意为“支持的”，符合文意，正常答案是C。Day5Intheory,theU.S.patentsystem,whichgivesmanufacturerssolerightstoadrugformulationfor20years,shouldeventuallyenableotherdrugproducerstobringcheaperversionsofthesamemedicationtothemarket.Butcompaniesskirtthisby“evergreening”theirdrugs—adjustingdrugformulasslightly,oftenmakinggradualimprovements,torenewthepatentandpreventgenerics(仿制药)fromenteringthemarket.
Intheory,theU.S.patentsystem,whichgivesmanufacturerssolerightstoadrugformulationfor20years,shouldeventuallyenableotherdrugproducerstobringcheaperversionsofthesamemedicationtothemarket.
词汇突破：
句子解析：Intheory（状语）,theU.S.patentsystem（主语）,whichgivesmanufacturerssolerightstoadrugformulationfor20years（定语从句）,shouldeventuallyenable（动词）otherdrugproducers（宾语）tobringcheaperversionsofthesamemedicationtothemarket（宾补）.
参考译文：从理论上讲，美国专利制度给予制造商对药物制剂的独占权利为20年；这将最终允许其他药商向市场推出低价的同类药物。
Butcompaniesskirtthisby“evergreening”theirdrugs—adjustingdrugformulasslightly,oftenmakinggradualimprovements,torenewthepatentandpreventgenerics(仿制药)fromenteringthemarket.
词汇：Skirt:绕开，规避
句子解析：Butcompaniesskirtthis（主干）by“evergreening”theirdrugs（状语）—adjustingdrugformulasslightly,oftenmakinggradualimprovements,（解释什么叫“evergreening”theirdrugs）torenewthepatentandpreventgenericsfromeverenteringthemarket.
参考译文：但公司通过“专利常青树”的做法规避这一点——略微调整药物配方，频繁渐进式修改，从而更新专利，阻止仿制药进入市场。
思考题解析：Thepracticeof“evergreening”theirdrugsshows_____专利常青树的做法表明了A.theinadequacyofU.S.patentsystem.美国专利制度的不足看句子解释，正确答案！B.theineffectivenessofgenerics.仿制药无效。（当然不对）C.thefiercecompetitionofdrugmarket.（药品市场竞争激烈）没说！文中没有依据！别加戏！D.thelowerpriceofpatenteddrugs.专利药更低的价格。没说！而且应该是专利药价格会更贵。Day6Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthetrashproblemcreatedbythebillionsofdisposableplasticdrinking-waterbottlessoldeachyearintheU.S.Farlessisunderstoodaboutthecontentsofthosebottles.Bottledwaterwasan$18.5billion(wholesale)industryintheU.S.in2017,butunderPresidentsofbothparties,FDAoversighthasbeenlightlystaffed.
思考题：WhatisthemostprobabletopicofthistextA.Trashdisposalproblems.B.Federalagencyreform.C.Safetyofbottledwater.D.Infrastructureimprovement.
Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthetrashproblemcreatedbythebillionsofdisposableplasticdrinking-waterbottlessoldeachyearintheU.S.
句子解析:Muchhasbeenwritten（主干）aboutthetrashproblem(定语一修饰much)/createdbythebillionsofdisposableplasticdrinking-waterbottles(定语修饰problem）/soldeachyearintheU.S(定语修饰bottles).
参考译文：美国每年销售数十亿个一次性塑料饮用水瓶，很多人都写过它们造成的垃圾问题。(翻译的时候注意切分和调序）
Farlessisunderstoodaboutthecontentsofthosebottles.
句子解析:Farlessisunderstood（主干）aboutthecontentsofthosebottles（定语修饰farless）.
参考译文：但人们对瓶中水的了解却远远不够。
Bottledwaterwasan$18.5billion(wholesale)industryintheU.S.in2017,butunderPresidentsofbothparties,FDAoversighthasbeenlightlystaffed.
参考译文：2017年，美国瓶装水是一个总价185亿美元的行业，但不管是在共和党还是民主党总统的麾下，食品和药物管理局的监督，人员配备不足。
思考题：Accordingtothetext，theexperiencesofactivistsshowthat__.A.Itisnotproductivetoworryaboutclimate.B.Itisimportanttoseekprofessionaladvice.C.Itreducesemotionalsufferingtotakeactions.D.Itmakespeoplefeelbettertoignoreanxiety.
Whileitmakessensetobeworriedabouttheclimateemergency,becomingoverwhelmediscounterproductive.
参考译文：虽然担忧气候危机是有意义的，但不堪重负就适得其反了。
Thesoundadvicefrompsychologiststhatactions,howeversmall,canhelptoalleviatefeelingsofdistressandpowerlessnessechoestheexperiencesofactivists,that“theminuteyoustartdoingsomething,thedepressiongoesaway”.
句子解析：Thesoundadvicefrompsychologists（定语修饰advice）that（actions,howeversmall（定语做插入语修饰actions）,canhelptoalleviatefeelingsofdistressandpowerlessness粗体部分是advice的同位语从句主干）echoestheexperiences（斜体连在一起是句子主干echoes是动词，你识别出来了吗？）ofactivists（定语修饰experiences）,that(“theminuteyoustartdoingsomething（同位语从句中theminute引导的状语从句）,thedepressiongoesaway粗体部分是experiences的同位语从句主干”.
参考译文：心理学家的合理忠告是，只要行动，无论多么小，都有助于缓解痛苦和无力感，这与活动家们的经历相呼应，“你一开始做事，抑郁就会消失”。
思考题：Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbesaidofurbanizationA.Itencourageshumanexposuretonature.B.Itcreateswholesomeconditionsforresidents.C.Itisabetterwayforprotectingtheenvironment.D.Itisprimarilycomposedofsprawlingsuburbs.
Ironically,urbanizationisgood,evencrucial,forthesurvivalofahuman-populatedplanet.
参考译文：具有讽刺意味的是，城市化对于人类居住的星球的存续有好处，甚至至关重要。
Densercitiesbeatsuburbansprawlinsofarastheyreduceindividualcarbonfootprints.
参考译文：在减少个人碳足迹方面，人口密集的居住方式比城市延伸（郊区蔓延）的居住方式要好。
Wehumansmayneedexposuretonature,butnaturesureashelldoesn’tneedexposuretous.
参考译文：我们人类可能需要接触自然，但是自然绝对不需要接触我们。
Thebetterwayforwardistokeeplivingindenselypackedplaces,（注意转折并列）but（to）usetechanddesigntoweavenatureintoourindoorworld.
参考译文：更好的发展方法是继续住在人烟稠密的地方，但用技术和设计将自然织入我们的室内世界。
思考题：Whatdoestheauthormeanby“benignformsofconvenience”A.Usefulfunctions.B.Readingapps.C.Referencetools.D.Searchfeatures.
Eventhemostbenignformsofconvenienceaffordedbyourdevices—liketheabilitytolooksomethingupwhilereading—canworkagainstattentionconservation.
词汇突破:
句子解析：Eventhemostbenignformsofconvenienceaffordedbyourdevices（红色表示定语）—liketheabilitytolooksomethingupwhilereading（同位语充当插入语）—canworkagainstattentionconservation.（黄色部分表示主干）（再说一遍，任何成分都可以充当插入语。这个和“志愿者”的概念一样，是个大概念。任何人只要主动站出来为社会提供服务就叫志愿者。只要放在逗号之间，破折号之间的就叫插入语。当志愿者的常常是大学生，但是老太太站出来了也可以叫志愿者。当插入语的常常是同位语，但是主谓也可以充当插入语。）
参考译文：即使是我们的设备所提供的最无害的便利（例如阅读中的查找功能），也可能会影响维持注意力。
Finishingabookoralongarticlerequiresfocusingforlengthystretchesoftime.
句子解析：Finishingabookoralongarticlerequiresfocusing（主干）forlengthystretchesoftime.（状语）
参考译文：读完一本书或一篇长文需要长期集中注意力。
Butaccordingtoonestudy,ittakesusabout25minutestoreturntoataskoncewe’vebeeninterrupted.
句子解析：Butaccordingtoonestudy,ittakesusabout25minutes（it是形式主语）（toreturntoatask动词不定式充当主语）oncewe’vebeeninterrupted.（状语）
参考译文：但据一项研究，一旦被打扰，大约需要25分钟才能重返任务。
Thetruth,unfortunately,isthatfewofusreallyabsorbtheinformationwereceive.Wefilteroutwhatwedon’texpectorwanttohear,andthistendencydoesn’tnecessarilyimprovewithage.Asaresult,leaderssimplymissagreatdealoftheinformationthat’savailable—aweaknesstowhichtopperformersareespeciallyvulnerablebecauseoverconfidencesooftencomeswithsuccess.
思考题：Thereasonthattopperformersarelikelytomissavailableinformationis____A.thelackofabilityB.beingoverconfidentC.theweakwillD.themisleadingnews
Thetruth,unfortunately,isthatfewofusreallyabsorbtheinformationwereceive.
句子解析：Thetruth,unfortunately,isthat（加粗是主语和系动词）fewofusreallyabsorbtheinformation(表语从句）wereceive.（省略了that的定语从句）
参考译文：不幸的是，事实上我们很少人能消化接收到的信息。
Wefilteroutwhatwedon’texpectorwanttohear,andthistendencydoesn’tnecessarilyimprovewithage.
句子解析：Wefilteroutwhatwedon’texpectorwanttohear（宾语从句）,and并列句thistendencydoesn’tnecessarilyimprovewithage.（粗体是状语）
参考译文：我们会过滤掉不希望或不想听到的内容，并且这种倾向不一定会随着年龄的增长而改善。
Asaresult,leaderssimplymissagreatdealoftheinformationthat’savailable—aweaknesstowhichtopperformersareespeciallyvulnerablebecauseoverconfidencesooftencomeswithsuccess.
句子解析：Asaresult,leaderssimplymissagreatdealoftheinformationthat’savailable—aweakness（同位语指代前面这个句子：“错过信息”这件事）towhichtopperformersareespeciallyvulnerable（定语从句）becauseoverconfidencesooftencomeswithsuccess（定语从句中的状语从句）.
参考译文：结果是，领导者轻易地错过了许多获得的信息。高管尤其易受这个弱点影响，因为成功通常会导致过分自信。（翻译的时候我只翻译了定语从句，没有再翻译同位语weakness，因为在定语从句中已经翻译了一次了，就可以不用再翻译了。）比如：Theblackwomenhavebeendiscriminated,afactbywhichtheiracademicperformanceisadverselyaffected.（which指代fact,fact指代前面的句子）黑人妇女受到歧视，她们的学业受到了这个事实了的不利影响。=Theblackwomenhavebeendiscriminated,bywhichtheiracademicperformanceisadverselyaffected.(which指代前面的句子)=黑人妇女受到歧视，因此她们的学业受到了不利影响。（所以语言的表达形式是多样的，但意思是一样的。）
Thedangerofthiswireless-drivenrevolutioninconveniencegoesbeyondhacking.Unlikethetraditional“InternetofComputers,”whichisconfinedtoadigital“virtual”world,theInternetofThingshasadirectconnectiontothephysicalone.Thatopensupadisturbingsetofquestions:Whatmighthappenifthecomputersinsideovens,securitycamerasorsmartcitieswereturnedagainstus
思考题：
Accordingtothetext,whatisthepotentialdangeroftheInternetofThings
A.Manufacturershavepricedthedeviceslow.
B.Thedeviceswouldmakeustoodependent.
C.Itisclosetousandhasserioussafetydefects.
D.Theymayriseagainstusandstagearebellion.
Thedangerofthiswireless-drivenrevolutioninconvenience（定语）goesbeyondhacking.
词汇：hacking非法侵入(他人计算机系统);
参考译文：这场由无线驱动的便利性革命的危险超出黑客入侵。
Unlikethetraditional“InternetofComputers,”whichisconfinedtoadigital“virtual”world,theInternetofThingshasadirectconnectiontothephysicalone.
词汇：confinedvt.限制；禁闭
参考译文：传统的“计算机网络”局限在一个数字"虚拟"世界中，而物联网则不一样，它与物理世界有直接联系。
Thatopensupadisturbingsetofquestions:Whatmighthappenifthecomputersinsideovens,securitycamerasorsmartcitieswereturnedagainstus
参考译文：这就开启了一系列令人不安的问题：如果烤箱、安全摄像头或智能城市内的计算机被操纵的与我们对立，会发生什么？
思考题解析：A.Manufacturershavepricedthedeviceslow.（制造商把价定得太低）文中没有提到。虽然定价过低确实可能代表在安全性设计上的投入较少，产品具有严重的安全风险。A选项错误。B.Thedeviceswouldmakeustoodependent.（这些设备会让我们依赖性太强）文中没有提到。任何的便捷都可能让我们产生依赖，但这并不是作者所说的物联网的潜在风险。B选项错误。C.Itisclosetousandhasserioussafetydefects.（物联网离我们太近且有严重的安全缺陷）你可能不认识defect这个词，但是这个词真的就是大纲词汇啊！Defect：缺陷文中说物联网的危险超出了黑客入侵，因为它还“与物理世界有直接联系“。故C选项正确。D.Theymayriseagainstusandstagearebellion.（它们可能揭竿而起，举行一场叛乱）虽然最后一句作者反问智能家电与我们对立的后果，但这句话说的是它们被动地敌对主人（如被黑客恶意入侵），而不是指科幻里的机器觉醒。D选项错误。词汇突破
2020/2/25
Evenwithinmainstreameconomics,thegrowththeoryisbeingchallenged,andnotmerelybecauseofaheightenedawarenessofenvironmentalcrisis.In“GoodEconomicsforHardTimes,”twowinnersofthe2019NobelPrizeinEconomics,AbhijitBanerjeeandEstherDuflo,pointoutthatalargerG.D.P.doesn’tnecessarilymeanariseinhumanwell-being—especiallyifitisn’tdistributedequitably—andthepursuitofitcansometimesbecounterproductive.
思考题：Thegrowththeoryisbeingchallengedbecause__.A.itfailstoensurethepeople’ssenseofhappinessB.economicgrowthwaspromotedinefficientlyC.economistsfailtopredicttherightoutcomeD.itisnolongerpopularamongpolicy-makers
Evenwithinmainstreameconomics,thegrowthorthodoxyisbeingchallenged,andnotmerelybecauseofaheightenedawarenessofenvironmentalcrisis.
参考译文：即使在主流经济学中，增长论也正被挑战，不仅仅因为人们提高了对环境危机的认识。
In“GoodEconomicsforHardTimes,”twowinnersofthe2019NobelPrizeinEconomics,AbhijitBanerjeeandEstherDuflo,pointoutthatalargerG.D.P.doesn’tnecessarilymeanariseinhumanwell-being（宾语从句一）—especiallyifitisn’tdistributedequitably—andthepursuitofitcansometimesbecounterproductive(宾语从句二）.
参考译文：在《艰难时代的好经济学》一书中，2019年诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿比吉特·班纳吉和埃丝特·杜弗洛指出，GDP的增长并不总意味着人类福祉的提升——尤其是分配不公时——对GDP的追求有时可能会适得其反。
思考题：UniversityofSunderlandhascuthumanitycoursesbecause__.A.thegovernmentmakestheruleonit.B.competentteachersarehardtofindC.theywanttoattractmoreapplicantsD.theseclassesareoflittlesignificance
Thegovernmentremovedthecaponstudentnumbers,encouraginginstitutionstocompetewitheachotherforapplicants:butadmissionsrosequickerthanstaffnumbers,inevitablyreducingthequalityofeducation.
词汇
参考译文：（英国）政府取消学生人数上限，鼓励院校相互竞争，抢夺生源：但招录人数的增长率高于教职人数，不可避免地降低了教育质量。
There’sanotherconsequenceofmarketisation:asdebt-ladenstudentsheadfordegreestheythinkwillmaximizetheirearningpotential（定语从句省略了that）,manyvitalcoursessuffer.
参考译文：市场化的另一个后果是：负债累累的学生追求认为最能提升自己赚钱能力的学位，许多重要的课程都受到影响。
TheUniversityofSunderlandisaxingitshistory,politicsandforeignlanguagecourses,forexample,expressingadesireforamore“career-focusedandprofessions-facing”approach.
参考译文：例如，桑德兰大学正在削减其历史、政治和外语课程，表示想采取“更注重职业和就业”的方法。
Onthesurface,theanswerstoAmerica’shousingcrisisaresimple:Buildmorehousingandexpandsubsidiesforpeoplewhocan’taffordwhattheprivatemarkethastooffer.Butthelackofmoderatelypricedhousingisadecades-oldproblem—andaproblemthathasresistednumerouseffortstosolveit.
思考题：Theauthorbelievesthatsolutionstothehousingcrisis__.A.canbeeasilycarriedoutB.arehardtobeappliedC.areproventobeoutdatedD.areshowntobeirresistible
Onthesurface,theanswerstoAmerica’shousingcrisisaresimple:Buildmorehousingandexpandsubsidiesforpeoplewhocan’taffordwhattheprivatemarkethastooffer.
tips:what=somethingthat（大家以后可以按这个思路来理解。）Peoplecan’tafford（whattheprivatemarkethastooffer宾语从句）.=Peoplecan’taffordsomethingthattheprivatemarkethastooffer.(that=something充当offer（提供）的宾语)人们没法负担私有市场提供的房产。=人们没法负担私有市场的价格
参考译文：从表面上看，解决美国住房危机的方法很简单：建造更多的住房，增加对负担不起私有市场价格的人群的补贴。
Butthelackofmoderatelypricedhousingisadecades-oldproblem—andaproblemthathasresistednumerouseffortstosolveit.
参考译文：但缺少价格适中的住房是一个几十年的老问题，无数试图解决它的努力都失败了。
思考题解析：A.canbeeasilycarriedout（能被轻易地实施）文中说解决方法从表面上看很简单，但实际上各种努力都没有成功，即实际上实施真正有效的措施并不容易。A选项错误。B.arehardtobeapplied（很难应用）各种努力都被“resist“（抗拒）了，所以解决方法很难被应用。B选项正确。C.areproventobeoutdated（被证明过时了）文中说问题是个老问题，但没说解决方案过不过时的事。C选项错误。D.areshowntobeirresistible（被显示是不可抵挡的）若解决方法不可抵挡，就意味着非常有效。从上面的分析可以看出，还没有有效的尝试。D选项错误。outdatevt.使过时；使废弃；使陈旧irresistibleadj.不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的Day15Newsofthelaboratoryfraudallegationscomesatatimeofgrowingfearsamongconsumerandenvironmentaliststhatcorporate-driven“science”isdoingmuchtoprotectcorporateprofitsbutlittletoprotectpublichealthandsafety.Whencorporationspayfortheresearch,invariablythefindingsseemtosupportthesafetyofwhateverproductsthecorporationsaretryingtosell.
思考题：Scientificstudiessponsoredbycorporationstendto__.A.produceunreliableresultsB.protectinterestsofsocietyC.getpublishedmuchharderD.havelimitedaccesstodata
Newsofthelaboratoryfraudallegationscomesatatimeofgrowingfearsamongconsumerandenvironmentaliststhatcorporate-driven“science”isdoingmuchtoprotectcorporateprofitsbutlittletoprotectpublichealthandsafety.
句子解析：Newsofthelaboratoryfraudallegationscomes（主干）atatimeofgrowingfearsamongconsumerandenvironmentalists（定语）thatcorporate-driven“science”isdoingmuchtoprotectcorporateprofitsbutlittletoprotectpublichealthandsafety（fear的同位语从句）.
参考译文：实验室被指控欺诈的消息传来之际，消费者和环保人士正越来越担心，企业驱动的"科学"大力维护企业利益，但在保护公众健康和安全方面却无所作为。
Whencorporationspayfortheresearch,invariablythefindingsseemtosupportthesafetyofwhateverproductsthecorporationsaretryingtosell.
句子赏析:Whencorporationspayfortheresearch（状语从句）,invariablythefindingsseemtosupportthesafety（主干）ofwhateverproducts（定语）thecorporationsaretryingtosell.（省略了that的定语从句）
参考译文：当企业为研究付费时，研究结果似乎总是支持企业试图销售的任何产品的安全性。
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_________.A.collegesaremuchcheaperthanuniversitiesB.mostpeoplepreferuniversitytocollegeC.theBritishdonotusetheword“college”D.itcostnothingtochangeschoolname
Manycolleges—oftenobscureonesofmiddlingselectivity—haveconvertedtouniversitiesinrecentyears,seeminglyinthehopesofraisingtheirprofiles.
参考译文：近年来，许多学院——往往是寂寂无名的普通学校——已经改成大学，似希望借此提高知名度。
Butwhetherthere’samaterialdistinctionbetweenacollegeandauniversitydependsonwhomyouask—andmanypeopledon’tknowthedifference.
句子解析：Butwhetherthere’samaterialdistinctionbetweenacollegeandauniversity（主语从句）dependsonwhomyouask（动词+宾语从句）—andmanypeopledon’tknowthedifference（并列句二）.
参考译文：但学院和大学之间是否有实质性差别取决于你发问的对象，很多人不知道两者的区别。
Yetevenso,manypeople,ifonlysubconsciously,dothinkofauniversityassomehowhigherqualitythanacollege.
句子解析：Yetevenso,manypeople,ifonlysubconsciously,do（强调作用）thinkofauniversityassomehowhighercaliberthanacollege.
参考译文：然而即便如此，许多人（即使只是下意识地）真的认为大学在某种程度上比学院高一档。
思考题：Accordingtotheauthor,theBritishroyalfamilyisoftensaidtobeincrisisbecause__.A.itsmembersareinvolvedinscandalsB.newsmediawanttodrawattentionC.itisthemostsuccessfulroyalhouseD.itfeaturesfrequentlyinthefrontpage
ThehouseofWindsorisperpetuallysaidtobein“crisis.”
Notbecauseitisbutbecausethisisthelanguagethatheadlinewritersprefer.
句子解析：这句话其实是第一句的原因状语从句，单独大写另写一句了，目的是为了引人注意。这是很常见的新闻写作方式。比如：Thefindingsshowthattheeconomyhasrecovered.Thatthestockmarketisbooming.Thatthesenseofhappinessispromoted.后面两个句子就是第一句的宾语从句，为了强调，单独写了。他来了。不仅因为他想来而且因为他必须来。
参考译文：并不因为果真如此，而是因为这是标题党喜欢用的词。
Forexamplesofmonarchiesthathavebeenincrisis,wemightremembertheroyalfamiliesofRussia,Germany,Italy,andGreece,amongothers.
参考译文：对于陷入危机的王室的例子，我们可能还记得俄国、德国、意大利和希腊等国的皇室家族。
Bycomparisonnotjustwiththese,butwithalmosteveryotherinstitutiononearth，theBritishroyalfamilyisanunparalleledsuccess.
词汇：unparalleledsuccess：无法超越的成功
参考译文：不仅与这些皇室，而且与世界上几乎所有其他机构相比，英国王室的成功都是无法超越的。
思考题解析：A.itsmembersareinvolvedinscandals（其成员陷入丑闻）作者认为，虽然媒体老说“皇室危机”，但实际上并不是真正的危机，确实是新闻，甚至有些是丑闻，但远比不上历史上真正的“皇室危机”。真正让皇室屡次被说陷入危机的是希望吸引读者的标题党们。A选项错误。B.newsmediawanttodrawattention（媒体想要吸引注意力）参考上面的翻译，尤其是第二句！可知B选项正确。C.itisthemostsuccessfulroyalhouse（它是最成功的皇室）虽然文中提到了这点，但作者只是用来反驳媒体的“陷入危机”之说，并不是皇室被说陷入危机的原因。C选项错误。D.itfeaturesfrequentlyinthefrontpage（它经常出现在头版）文中没有提到，虽然可能是个事实，但和题干不存在因果联系，D选项错误。Day18Technology’sdefendersclaimthatthetraditionaltoolsofmacroeconomicscan’tpossiblycapturethemagicofasmartphone.Lookupfromyourtextbooks,theytelleconomists:Everythingisgettingbetterexceptourabilitytomeasurehowmuchbettereverythingisgetting.Butnomatterhowaggressivelyyoutorturethenumbers,thecomputeragehascoincidedwithadeclineintherateofeconomicgrowth.
思考题：Theviewsofeconomistsandauthoroneconomyofcomputerageare_____A.identicalB.slightlyconflictingC.complimentaryD.opposite
Technology’sdefendersclaimthatthetraditionaltoolsofmacroeconomicscan’tpossiblycapturethemagicofasmartphone.
句子解析：Technology’sdefendersclaimthat主谓thetraditionaltoolsofmacroeconomicscan’tpossiblycapturethemagicofasmartphone.（宾语从句）
参考译文：科技的捍卫者声称，传统的宏观经济学工具没能捕捉智能手机的神奇力量。
Lookupfromyourtextbooks,theytelleconomists:Everythingisgettingbetterexceptourabilitytomeasurehowmuchbettereverythingisgetting.
句子赏析：Lookupfromyourtextbooks,（宾语从句的一部分）theytelleconomists（主谓充当插入语）:Everythingisgettingbetterexceptourabilitytomeasurehowmuchbettereverythingisgetting（状语）.（宾语从句）
参考译文：他们告诉经济学家，别再看教科书了：一切都在变好，除了我们衡量一切改善的能力。
Butnomatterhowaggressivelyyoutorturethenumbers,thecomputeragehascoincidedwithadeclineintherateofeconomicgrowth.
句子解析：Butnomatterhowaggressivelyyoutorturethenumbers,thecomputeragehascoincidedwithadeclineintherateofeconomicgrowth.But后面就是作者的观点！记住：没有说是谁的观点，就是作者的观点！（这句话是考研阅读的重要军规！）
参考译文：但是无论你多使劲地摆弄数据，计算机时代都伴随着经济增长率的下降。
Evenifpapercataloguessentthroughthemailisanimperfectmedium,itstillmightbethebestwayforindependentbusinessestoavoidgettingsuckedintotheAmazon-Google-Facebookvortex—andforinternet-wearyconsumerstoavoidseeingthewholeworldthroughthefiltersoftheBigThree’salgorithms.“Somethingwetalkaboutalotisdata-privacyissues,”Aglesays,“Obviouslyelectronicadvertisingismoresustainable,butit’snotnecessarilybetterforsociety.”
思考题：Aglebelievesthatpapercataloguessendbythemailis_____.A.amuchmoreefficientwaytoprotecttheenvironmentB.awisebusinessapproachtoavoidonlinecompetitionC.agoodwaytoavoidmanipulationbyinternetgiantsD.amarketingmethoddesignedtoprotectconsumerprivacy
Evenifpapercataloguessentthroughthemailisanimperfectmedium,itstillmightbethebestwayforindependentbusinessestoavoidgettingsuckedintotheAmazon-Google-Facebookvortex—andforinternet-wearyconsumerstoavoidseeingthewholeworldthroughthefiltersoftheBigThree’salgorithms.
句子解析：Evenifpapercataloguessentthroughthemail（定语）isanimperfectmedium,（状语从句）//itstillmightbethebestwayforindependentbusinesses//toavoidgettingsuckedintotheAmazon-Google-Facebookvortex—(这里的破折号相当于一个逗号，起个间隔作用）andforinternet-wearyconsumers//toavoidseeingthewholeworldthroughthefiltersoftheBigThree’salgorithms.
“Somethingwetalkaboutalotisdata-privacyissues,”Aglesays，“Obviouslyelectronicadvertisingismoresustainable,butit’snotnecessarilybetterforsociety.”
2020/2/29
ThecooperativenatureofsciencehadbeenunderstoodlongbeforeEdisonbuilttheworld’sfirstfactoryofinvention.WhenIsaacNewtonwrote,“IfIhaveseenfurtheritisbystandingontheshouldersofgiants,”hewasacknowledgingthatinventionisateamsport,evenifNewton’steamwasmostlydeadpeople.
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______A.Edisonisasolitarygeniusofmultipleinventions.B.Newtonisnotgoodatteamworkwithlivingscholars.C.Edisonunderstoodthecooperativenatureofscience.D.NewtonprovedthatEdisonhasborrowedideas.
ThecooperativenatureofsciencehadbeenunderstoodlongbeforeEdisonbuilttheworld’sfirstfactoryofinvention.
参考译文：早在爱迪生建立世界上第一座发明工厂之前，人们就意识到了科学协作的本质。
WhenIsaacNewtonwrote,“IfIhaveseenfurtheritisbystandingontheshouldersofgiants,”hewasacknowledgingthatinventionisateamsport,evenifNewton’steamwasmostlydeadpeople.
参考译文：当牛顿写下“如果我比别人看得更远些，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上”之时，他就是在认可发明是个团队活，虽然牛顿的团队成员主要是已不在世的前辈。
2020/3/4
Thefarmoreimportantreasonwe’veengagedintheseenergy-intensiveactivitiesisourtendencytobehaveasourpeersdo.Buthereisthecauseforhope:Wherecontagioncreatesaproblem,itcanalsohelpsolveit.Justasinthecaseofsmoking,wherepeereffectsaggravatedandthenreducedtheprevalenceofthepractice,sotoocouldcontagionhelpusmeettheclimatechallenge.
思考题：Thepeereffectshavecausedpeopleto______.A.takeupsmokingB.becomecontagiousC.bemoreinnovativeD.consumewisely
Thefarmoreimportantreasonwe’veengagedintheseenergy-intensiveactivitiesisourtendencytobehaveasourpeersdo.
参考译文：我们进行这些高能源消耗活动更重要的原因是—我们希望像我们的同龄人一样行事的倾向（我们的从众倾向）
Buthereisthecauseforhope:Wherecontagioncreatesaproblem,itcanalsohelpsolveit.
参考译文：但这也是希望所在：“传染”造成的问题也能靠它来解决。
Justasinthecaseofsmoking,wherepeereffectsaggravatedandthenreducedtheprevalenceofthepractice,sotoocouldcontagionhelpusmeettheclimatechallenge.
句子解析主句是个倒装：socontagioncouldhelpusmeettheclimatechallengetoo.
参考译文：正如在吸烟这件事上，同伴效应加剧了吸烟问题，后来又降低了吸烟率，“传染”也有助于我们应对气候挑战。
Americansarehungeringtoliveinextendedandforgedfamilies,inwaysthatarenewandancientatthesametime.Thisisasignificantopportunity,achancetothickenandbroadenfamilyrelationships,achancetoallowmoreadultsandchildrentoliveandgrowunderthelovinggazeofadozenpairsofeyes,andbecaught,whentheyfall,byadozenpairsofarms.
思考题：Accordingtotheauthor,thehungerforextendedfamiliesisachanceto_______.A.createmorejobsinlocalmarketsB.buildmuchstrongerfamilytiesC.improvethepubliceducationD.allowustopursueambitions
Americansarehungeringtoliveinextendedandforgedfamilies,inwaysthatarenewandancientatthesametime.
参考译文：美国人渴望生活在大家庭中，这是一种又崭新又古老的方式。
Thisisasignificantopportunity,achancetothickenandbroadenfamilyrelationships,achancetoallowmoreadultsandchildrentoliveandgrowunderthelovinggazeofadozenpairsofeyes,andbecaught,whentheyfall,byadozenpairsofarms.
参考译文：这是一个重要的机会，一个扩大和增强家庭关系的机会，一个让更多的成人和儿童在十几双眼睛的慈爱注视下生活和成长的机会，一个失足时可以被十几双手臂抓住的机会。
2020/3/7
Ascompaniestrytoscaleuptheironlineexperimentationcapacity,theyoftenfindthattheobstaclesarenottoolsandtechnologybutsharedbehaviors,beliefs,andvalues.Foreveryexperimentthatsucceeds,nearly10don’t—andintheeyesofmanyorganizationsthatemphasizeefficiency,predictability,and“winning,”thosefailuresarewasteful.Tosuccessfullyinnovate,companiesneedtomakeexperimentationanintegralpartofeverydaylife—evenwhenbudgetsaretight.
思考题：Manyorganizationsthatemphasizeefficiencyhavefailedto__.A.realizetheimportanceofinnovationB.accesstheexperimentationtechnologyC.createanexperimentationatmosphereD.makeafeasiblecompanybudget
Ascompaniestrytoscaleuptheironlineexperimentationcapacity,theyoftenfindthattheobstaclesarenottoolsandtechnologybutsharedbehaviors,beliefs,andvalues.
参考译文：公司在试图扩大在线试验能力时，常常发现障碍不是工具和技术，而是共同的行为模式、信念和价值观。
Foreveryexperimentthatsucceeds,nearly10don’t—andintheeyesofmanyorganizationsthatemphasizeefficiency,predictability,and“winning,”thosefailuresarewasteful.
参考译文：每个成功的实验背后都几乎有十个失败的实验，在许多强调效率、可预测性和“胜利”的组织眼中，这些失败太浪费。
Tosuccessfullyinnovate,companiesneedtomakeexperimentationanintegralpartofeverydaylife—evenwhenbudgetsaretight.
WhatmakesGooglev.Oraclestillmoreintriguingisthatlegalscholarsaregenuinelyuncertainoftheoutcome.Unlikeissuessuchasabortionandguncontrol,SupremeCourtjustices’viewsoncopyrightareseldomscrutinizedduringtheappointmentprocess,makingithardertopredicthowthey’llrule.
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___A.thecopyrightcaseismorecomplicatedthanthecaseofabortionorguncontrol.B.thestanceofJusticesontheabortionismuchharderthanthatoncopyright.C.thelegalscholarsarefamiliarwiththejustices’viewsonabortionorguncontrol.D.Googlev.Oraclecasemakesithardertopredictjustices’rulingoncopyright.
WhatmakesGooglev.Oraclestillmoreintriguingisthatlegalscholarsaregenuinelyuncertainoftheoutcome.
句子解析WhatmakesGooglev.Oraclestillmoreintriguing（主语从句）isthatlegalscholarsaregenuinelyuncertainoftheoutcome（表语从句）.
参考译文：使谷歌-甲骨文案更耐人寻味的是，法学专家真的不确定结果如何。
Unlikeissuessuchasabortionandguncontrol,SupremeCourtjustices’viewsoncopyrightareseldomscrutinizedduringtheappointmentprocess,makingithardertopredicthowthey’llrule.
句子解析
2020/3/8
Onadeeperlevel,thegigeconomyiserasingwhatwasformanythetraditionalgoalofworking:tobuyfreetime.Insteadwearebeingseducedandcoercedintothinkingthatitisgoodtocommercializeourleisuretimeandpossessions.
思考题：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthegigeconomyA.neutralB.supportiveC.criticalD.amazing
Onadeeperlevel,thegigeconomyiserasingwhatwasformanythetraditionalgoalofworking:tobuyfreetime.
句子解析Onadeeperlevel,thegigeconomyiserasingwhatwasformanythetraditionalgoalofworking（宾语从句）:tobuyfreetime.
Insteadwearebeingseducedandcoercedintothinkingthatitisgoodtocommercializeourleisuretimeandpossessions.
句子解析Insteadwearebeingseducedandcoercedintothinkingthatitisgoodtocommercialiseourleisuretimeandpossessions.（宾语从句）
参考译文：相反，我们被诱惑和挟持，陷入这样一种思维，即商品化闲暇和财产对我们有好处。
Instead,Hararipredictsthatthekeyskillstheyneedtosurviveandthriveinthe21stcenturywillbeemotionalintelligence(itisstilldifficulttoimagineacomputercaringforasickpersonorachild),andtheabilitytodealwithchange.Ifwecanpredictnothingelseaboutthefuture,weknowthatitisgoingtoinvolvearapidlyacceleratingpaceofchange,fromthegrowthofAItoawarmingclimate.Copingwiththislevelofuncertaintywillrequireadaptabilityandpsychologicalresilience.
思考题：Hararibelievesthattobesuccessfulinthefutureonehasto__.A.havehands-onexperienceinthecaringindustryB.commandtheabilitytomemorizetonsofnewfactsC.behighlyskillfulatarangeofdifferentprofessionsD.beabletopersistinthefaceofunpleasantevents
Instead,Hararipredictsthatthekeyskillstheyneedtosurviveandthriveinthe21stcenturywillbeemotionalintelligence(itisstilldifficulttoimagineacomputercaringforasickpersonorachild),andtheabilitytodealwithchange.
句子解析Instead,Hararipredictsthatthekeyskillstheyneedtosurviveandthriveinthe21stcentury定语从句willbeemotionalintelligence宾语从句(itisstilldifficulttoimagineacomputercaringforasickpersonorachild顺便举个例),andtheabilitytodealwithchange宾语从句并列部分.
参考译文：相反，赫拉利预测，在21世纪生存和发展所需的关键技能将是情商（仍然很难想象用电脑照顾病人或孩子）以及应变能力。
Ifwecanpredictnothingelseaboutthefuture,weknowthatitisgoingtoinvolvearapidlyacceleratingpaceofchange,fromthegrowthofAItoawarmingclimate.
参考译文：虽然我们无法预测未来，但我们知道未来的变化步伐将急剧加速，从人工智能的发展到气候变暖，不一而足。
Copingwiththislevelofuncertaintywillrequireadaptabilityandpsychologicalresilience.
参考译文：应对这种程度的不确定性需要适应力和心理韧性。
InNovember2013,venturecapitalistAileenLeepublishedanarticlecoiningtheterm“unicorn”todescribeastartupthat’slessthanadecadeoldandworthatleast$1bn.Shechosethewordcarefully,toconveyamixofrarityandmagicpower.WhatLeeseeminglydidn’tanticipatewasthatjustafewyearslateritwouldhavebecomeamisnomer:thesedaysthere’snothingrareaboutunicorns.
思考题：Atpresent,theterm“unicorn”___.A.aptlycapturesthetraitsoftechstartupB.hasbeentoooverusedtobeaccurateC.isknowntobeachosenwordbylinguistsD.hasbeenusedwronglybyentrepreneurs
InNovember2013,venturecapitalistAileenLeepublishedanarticlecoiningtheterm“unicorn”todescribeastartupthat’slessthanadecadeoldandworthatleast$1bn.
Shechosethewordcarefully,toconveyamixofrarityandmagicpower.
参考译文：她谨慎地选用了这个词，来同时表达稀有和“魔力”。
WhatLeeseeminglydidn’tanticipatewasthatjustafewyearslateritwouldhavebecomeamisnomer:thesedaysthere’snothingrareaboutunicorns.
句子解析WhatLeeseeminglydidn’tanticipate(主语从句）wasthat//表语从句来了：justafewyearslater（状语）itwouldhavebecomeaflagrant（臭名远扬的）misnomer（不恰当的说法）:解释来了：thesedaysthere’snothingrareaboutunicorns.
参考译文：但李似乎没有预料到，仅仅几年后，“独角兽”就变成了一个极其不当的误称：现在独角兽已经一点都不罕见了。
CharlesDarwin’splaceinthescientificpantheonisdeservedlysecure,buthemadehisshareofblunders.Oneofthegravestwasmaintainingthattheeffectsofnaturalselection,thekeylinkofevolution,couldnotbeobservedinasinglehumanlifetime.
思考题：Accordingtotheauthor,theeffectsofnaturalselection__.A)weremistakesmadebyCharlesDarwinB)canbedetectedwithindecadesyearsC)havebeencondemnedbyresearchersD)werealwaysinvisibletothenakedeye
CharlesDarwin’splaceinthescientificpantheonisdeservedlysecure,buthemadehisshareofblunders.
参考译文：查尔斯·达尔文在科学万神殿中的地位当之无愧，但他也犯了一些错误。
Oneofthegravestwasmaintainingthattheeffectsofnaturalselection,thekeylinkofevolution,couldnotbeobservedinasinglehumanlifetime.
参考译文：其中最严重的是：坚持自然选择的影响——进化的关键——不可能在个人短暂的一生中被观察到。
2020/3/10
Whenitcomestobuildingtoolsthathelpsolvetheworld’strulywickedproblems,it’stheoldervisionarieswho’llgetitdone.ConsidertherecentfindingsofagroupofacademicsfromMITwhoexaminedthesuccessratesofstartups.Whentheyhomedinonelite“high-growth”techfirms,theydiscoveredtheaverageageofthefounderswas45.
Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat_____(A)people’sageplaysthepivotalroleinstartups’success.(B)theoldvisionwillhelpthesoundgrowthoftechfirms(C)thewickedproblemscanbeaddressedwithoutelites(D)thesuccessofstartupsisdeterminedbyresearchfindings.
Whenitcomestobuildingtoolsthathelpsolvetheworld’strulywickedproblems,it’stheoldervisionarieswho’llgetitdone.
句子解析：Whenitcomestobuildingtoolsthathelpsolvetheworld’strulywickedproblems,it’stheoldervisionaries（这是一个强调句）who’llgetitdone.
参考译文：一旦到要构建工具来解决真正棘手的世界性难题时，能成事的是那些年纪稍大又有远见的人。
ConsidertherecentfindingsofagroupofacademicsfromMITwhoexaminedthesuccessratesofstartups.
参考译文：思考一下麻省理工学院的学者最近一个调查的结果；这个调查研究了初创企业的成功率。
Whentheyhomedinonelite“high-growth”techfirms,theydiscoveredtheaverageageofthefounderswas45.
Manyoftoday’syoungerworkers–whomakeupalmosthalfoftheUSworkforce–grewupinaworldofdiplomasforgraduatingfourthgrade,likesforFacebookcomments,rewardsforbehavingwellatpartiesandevenmedalswhentheirlittleleagueteamsfinishedlast.Itisalsoagenerationthatwantstobeheardandwantstoworkforbossesthatrespecttheirfeedback.
思考题：WhatcanbesaidoftheyoungergenerationofworkersA.Theyareatfaultformakinganunstableworkforce.B.Theyarenotascompetentastheolderworkers.C.Theyareraisedinanaccommodatingenvironment.D.Theyhavebecomeboredofrewardsandmedals.
Manyoftoday’syoungerworkers–whomakeupalmosthalfoftheUSworkforce–grewupinaworldofdiplomasforgraduatingfourthgrade,likesforFacebookcomments,rewardsforbehavingwellatpartiesandevenmedalswhentheirlittleleagueteamsfinishedlast.
Itisalsoagenerationthatwantstobeheardandwantstoworkforbossesthatrespecttheirfeedback.
句子解析It（代词之前的一代人，）isalsoagenerationthatwantstobeheardandwantstoworkforbosses（定语从句）thatrespecttheirfeedback（定语从句）.
参考译文：这代人同时也希望被倾听，希望为尊重他们反馈的老板工作。
2020/3/11
Nursesareoftenputonapedestalwhenthingsgoright,andblamedwhenthingsgowrong,buttoooftentheyaresimplynotpartoftheconversation.Thelongstandingviewthatcareisanaturallyfeminineskillorcharacteristicoverlooksanddevaluesthehighlevelsofskillandprofessionalismnurseshave.
思考题：Theauthorimpliesinthetextthatnursesareoften__.A.theonesaccountableformistakesB.promotedforprofessionalexpertiseC.thescapegoatswhenaccidentsoccurD.treatedassomeonewithgoodcareer
Nursesareoftenputonapedestalwhenthingsgoright,andblamedwhenthingsgowrong,buttoooftentheyaresimplynotpartoftheconversation.
句子解析Nursesareoftenputonapedestal（固定搭配，被崇拜））whenthingsgoright,andblamedwhenthingsgowrong,buttoooftentheyaresimplynotpartoftheconversation.
参考译文：一切顺利的时候，护士常常被当成偶像膜拜；一出差子，他们就会被责备。但他们往往完全没有发言权。
Thelongstandingviewthatcareisanaturallyfeminineskillorcharacteristicoverlooksanddevaluesthehighlevelsofskillandprofessionalismnurseshave.
参考译文：长期以来，护理被认为是一种天然的女性技能或特征。这种看法忽视和低估了护士的高水平技能和专业精神。
思考题解析：A.theonesaccountableformistakes（对错误负有责任）文中说一有问题，护士就会被责备，但不能说护士们是对错误负有责任的人。A选项错误。B.promotedforprofessionalexpertise（因为专业能力被提拔）文中说护士的专业能力常常被忽视，因此可知她们也很难因为专业能力被提拔。B选项错误。C.thescapegoatswhenaccidentsoccur（事故发生后的替罪羊）从选项A的解析可得出，护士常常是替罪羊。C选项正确。D.treatedassomeonewithgoodcareer（被当作拥有远大前程的人对待）文中说护士常常被忽视和低估，所以其实大部分人并不是太把护士当成有潜力的职业的。D选项错误。词汇
LastOctober,theUniversityofNottinghamadvertiseda￡9.65-an-hourroleforatemporaryworkertomonitortheoverflowlivestreamforfirst-yearlawstudents.Overflowroomstypicallyaccommodatelargeaudienceswhenwell-knownfiguresgivepubliclectures.Allthenameduniversitiessaidthatoverflowclasseswereashort-termarrangementtocoverbusyperiodsatthebeginningoftheacademicyear.
思考题：WhydidtheUniversityofNottinghamadvertiseforatemporarypositionA.Toteachtemporarilyfirst-yearlawstudents.B.Toservethelargeaudiencesinoverflowrooms.C.Toescortandassistthewell-knownfigures.D.Topromoteonlinecoursesforthelawschool.
LastOctober,theUniversityofNottinghamadvertiseda￡9.65-an-hourroleforatemporaryworkertomonitortheoverflowlivestreamforfirst-yearlawstudents.
参考译文：去年10月，诺丁汉大学发布了一个每小时9.65英镑的临时工职位，负责监控大法律系大一学生的“超员”直播课。
Overflowroomstypicallyaccommodatelargeaudienceswhenwell-knownfiguresgivepubliclectures.
参考译文：名人进行公开演讲时，通常用超员教室来容纳大量听众。
Allthenameduniversitiessaidthatoverflowclasseswereashort-termarrangementtocoverbusyperiodsatthebeginningoftheacademicyear.
参考译文：所有提及的大学都表示，超员教室只是短期安排，以应付学年初的繁忙时段。
思考题解析：A.Toteachtemporarilyfirst-yearlawstudents（临时教大一的法学学生）诺丁汉大学招临时工，是为了有人管理超员直播课。A选项错误。B.Toservethelargeaudiencesinoverflowrooms（为超员教室的众多观众服务）管理直播课也能说为超员课堂的学生服务。B选项正确。（monitor在这里替换为serve没毛病！）C.Toescortandassistthewell-knownfigures（陪同和服务名人）干扰项。文中解释了超员课堂通常的用途是名人演讲，但没说这个临时岗和名人的关系。C选项错误。D.Topromoteonlinecoursesforthelawschool（为法学院的线上课程宣传）文中没有说临时空缺的职责是宣传线上课程。D选项错误。词汇
2020/3/12
Thesecrises,industryinsiderssay,springfromaculturethatconsistentlyputshort-termrewardstoshareholdersaheadofengineering-drivendecisionsandlong-termstrategy.ForallofBoeing’sbusinesscoupsandinnovation,onestarkstatistichascometosymbolizethecompany’spriorities:Overthepastsixyears,Boeingspent$43.4billiononstockbuybacks,comparedwith$15.7billiononresearchanddevelopmentforcommercialairplanes.
思考题：Accordingtoindustryinsiders,Boeing_______.A.hasanexistingcultureofcorruptionandfraud.B.hasgivenprioritytoengineering-drivendecisions.C.hasputstockpricebeforeengineeringresearch.D.hasgivensmallrewardstoshareholderandstrategy.
Thesecrises,industryinsiderssay,springfromaculturethatconsistentlyputshort-termrewardstoshareholdersaheadofengineering-drivendecisionsandlong-termstrategy.
句子解析Thesecrises,industryinsiderssay（主谓充当插入语）,springfromaculturethatconsistentlyputshort-termrewardstoshareholdersaheadofengineering-drivendecisionsandlong-termstrategy（定语从句）.
参考译文：业内人士表示，这些危机源于一种始终将短期股东利益放在工程决策和长期战略之前的文化。
ForallofBoeing’sbusinesscoupsandinnovation,onestarkstatistichascometosymbolizethecompany’spriorities:
参考译文：对于波音所有的业务变革和创新，统计数字已经鲜明地代表了其优先事项：
Overthepastsixyears,Boeingspent$43.4billiononstockbuybacks,comparedwith$15.7billiononresearchanddevelopmentforcommercialairplanes.
参考译文：在过去的六年中，波音公司花费434亿美元进行股票回购，而在商用飞机上的研发支出是157亿美元。
CompaniesaredelegatingconsiderableHRresponsibilitytomachines,andthelistofpersonneltasksinwhichA.I.playsaroleislikelyonlytogrow.Lowunemploymentandtightlabormarketsareputtingemployersunderpressuretotakeanytechnologicaladvantagetheycangetinthewarfortalent.
思考题：Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______A.companieswillrecruitmoreHRstaffinthewarfortalent.B.A.I.willmakelaboremploymentmuchcheaper.C.machineswillreplacepersonnelinthewarfortalent.D.employerswillusemoreA.I.helpinthewarfortalent.
CompaniesaredelegatingHRconsiderableresponsibilitytomachines,andthelistofpersonneltasksinwhichA.I.playsaroleislikelyonlytogrow.
词汇解析：
参考译文：企业将大量人力资源责任派给机器，人工智能参与的人事任务清单可能只会越来越长。
Lowunemploymentandtightlabormarketsareputtingemployersunderpressuretotakeanytechnologicaladvantagetheycangetinthewarfortalent.
参考译文：低失业率和紧俏的劳动力市场给雇主带来压力，要求他们在人才之战中利用任何他们能用到的技术优势。
2020/3/14
FordecadestheholygrailofAIforeducationhasbeenthecreationofanautonomoustutor:analgorithmthatcanmonitorstudents’progress,understandwhattheyknowandwhatmotivatesthem,andprovideanoptimal,adaptivelearningexperience.However,autonomoustutorsof2020lookquitedifferentfromthisideal.Educationwithauto-tutorsusuallyengagesstudentswithproblemsdesignedtobeeasyforthealgorithmtointerpret—asopposedtojoyfulforthelearner.
思考题：TheauthorholdsthatAIforeducation_______.A.misseditsoriginalpurposeB.makesstudentssadanddownC.isnolongertheholygrailofAID.isnotsuitableforthealgorithm
FordecadestheholygrailofAIforeducationhasbeenthecreationofanautonomoustutor:analgorithmthatcanmonitorstudents’progress,understandwhattheyknowandwhatmotivatesthem,andprovideanoptimal,adaptivelearningexperience.
句子解析Fordecades（状语）theholygrailofAIforeducation（定语）hasbeenthecreationofanautonomoustutor:analgorithm（同位语指代前面的autonomoustutor）thatcanmonitorstudents’progress,understandwhattheyknowandwhatmotivatesthem,andprovideanoptimal,adaptivelearningexperience.（定语从句）
参考译文：几十年来，造出自主型私教一直是教育人工智能的“圣杯”——一种能监控学生的学习进度，了解他们的知识水平及什么能激励他们，并提供最佳的自适应学习体验。
However,autonomoustutorsof2020lookquitedifferentfromthisideal.
参考译文：但是，2020年的自主型私教看起来与这一理想大相径庭。
Educationwithauto-tutorsusuallyengagesstudentswithproblemsdesignedtobeeasyforthealgorithmtointerpret—asopposedtojoyfulforthelearner.
句子解析Educationwithauto-tutorsusuallyengagesstudentswithproblemsdesignedtobeeasyforthealgorithmtointerpret—asopposedto（而不是）joyful(problems补全)forthelearner.
参考译文：用自主型私教的教育通常让学生处理一些算法容易解释的问题（designedto就不翻译了，这样更通顺，意思也没变。），而不是那些给学习者带来乐趣的问题。
Unhappyshareholdersmadetheirvoicesheardthisyeartoo.Mostnotably,WeWork’sboardpressuredAdamNeumanntostepdowninanefforttosalvageatroubledIPO.ButthefactthatmoreCEOsareleavingbecauseofbadbehaviordoesn’tnecessarilymeanleadershipisdeclining.
思考题：Accordingtothetext,theincreaseofCEOturnoveroriginatesfrom__.A.thelooseboardscrutinyB.theirpoorperformanceC.thedecliningleadershipD.thefailureofIPOplan
Unhappyshareholdersmadetheirvoicesheardthisyeartoo.
参考译文：今年不满的股东也让人们听到了自己的声音。
Mostnotably,WeWork’sboardpressuredAdamNeumanntostepdowninanefforttosalvageatroubledIPO.
参考译文：最值得注意的是，WeWork的董事会迫使亚当·诺伊曼辞职，以挽救陷入困境的IPO。
ButthefactthatmoreCEOsareleavingbecauseofbadbehaviordoesn’tnecessarilymeanleadershipisdeclining.
参考译文：但事实是，越来越多的高管因不良行为而离职，并不一定意味着领导力正在下降。
2020/3/16
Inrecentyears,GPShasbecomesoreliableandsoubiquitousthatyoucanforgetit’seventhere—muchlessthatitcanfail.Butit’ssurprisinglyeasy,itturnsout,toknockthesystemintodisarray.Theshippingindustry,meanwhile,appearsunderpreparedtocopewithbreakdownsandunwillingtoinvestinself-defenseintheabsenceofafrighteningdisasterithassofarbeenfortunatetoavoid.
思考题：ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheGPSsystemis__.A.particularlysusceptibletotheattackB.nottrustworthyintermsofpositioningC.notaswidelyusednowasinthepastD.developedbytheshippingindustry
Inrecentyears,GPShasbecomesoreliableandsoubiquitousthatyoucanforgetit’seventhere—muchlessthatitcanfail.
句子解析Inrecentyears,GPShasbecomesoreliableandsoubiquitous广泛存在）(句子主干that+状语从句（so...that）youcanforget（that）it’seventhere—(破折号相当于and)muchless(更)//that（forget的宾语从句）itcanfail.
参考译文：近年来，全球定位系统（GPS）发展得如此可靠，应用如此广泛，以至于你甚至忘了它的存在——更不会想到，它也会失灵
Butit’ssurprisinglyeasy,itturnsout,toknockthesystemintodisarray.
参考译文：但事实证明，让这个系统陷入混乱容易得令人吃惊。
Theshippingindustry,meanwhile,appearsunderpreparedtocopewithbreakdownsandunwillingtoinvestinself-defenseintheabsenceofafrighteningdisasterithassofarbeenfortunatetoavoid.
参考译文：同时，航运业似乎在应对（系统）崩溃上准备不足，也不愿在没有可怕灾难的情况下在，在自我保护上进行投入，但迄今为止，航运业只是幸运才避免了这些可怕的灾难。但是把intheabsenceof翻译为原因状语，会更加的简洁通顺，请看：参考译文：同时，航运业似乎在应对（系统）崩溃上准备不足，也不愿在自我保护上进行投入，因为迄今为止，航运业走运地避免了可怕的灾难。
2020/3/17
Theworseningoutlookonsea-levelriseispromptingachangeinhowpeoplethinkaboutfloodingandplanforit.“Peoplerealizethatit’sjustnotpossibletopreventallfloods,soyouhavetolearntolivewiththewaterandacceptthatitwillsometimeshaveanimpact,”saysHallegatte.“Wecannotlivebehindtallerandtallerwalls,becauseatonepoint,theconsequencesofoneofthosewallsfailingbecomestoobig.”
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.A.notallfloodscanbeavoidedB.coastalcitieswilldisappearC.highwallswillbringushopeD.swimskillsarenowmandatory
Theworseningoutlookonsea-levelriseispromptingachangeinhowpeoplethinkaboutfloodingandplanforit.
参考译文：海平面上升不断恶化的前景促使人们思考洪水和计划防洪的方式发生了变化。
“Peoplerealizethatit’sjustnotpossibletopreventallfloods,//soyouhavetolearntolivewiththewaterandacceptthatitwillsometimeshaveanimpact,”saysHallegatte.
参考译文：哈勒加特说：“人们意识到，不可能防止所有洪水，因此必须学会与水共生，并接纳它有时会带来冲击这个事实。”
“Wecannotlivebehindtallerandtallerwalls,becauseatonepoint,theconsequencesofoneofthosewallsfailingbecomestoobig.”
参考译文：“我们不能住在越来越高的墙后面，因为总有一个时刻，任何一堵墙失灵的后果都不堪设想。”
IntheyearssinceEarthDay,somethingweirdandwonderfulhashappened:weingenioushumansfiguredouthowtotreadmorelightlyonourplanet,evenaswebecomemorenumerousandprosperousovertime.Thishappyphenomenonismostadvancedintherichestcountries,butit’sspreadingaroundtheworld.Almostnobodyanticipatedthatitwouldhappen,andeventodayveryfewpeopleareawarethattheapparentlyunchallengedtrade-offbetweenhumanprosperityandthestateofnaturehasbeeneased.
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.(A)thereisdisjunctionbetweentherealpictureandouranticipation.(B)theexistenceoftrade-offisbeyondmostpeople’santicipation.(C)theenvironmentalcrisisisworsethanwehaveexpected.(D)happyphenomenoncannotprevailindevelopingcountries.
IntheyearssinceEarthDay,somethingweirdandwonderfulhashappened:weingenioushumansfiguredouthowtotreadmorelightlyonourplanet,evenaswebecomemorenumerousandprosperousovertime.
句子解析IntheyearssinceEarthDay,somethingweirdandwonderfulhashappened:/weingenioushumansfiguredouthowtotreadmorelightlyonourplanet(宾语从句）,evenas（即使）webecomemorenumerousandprosperousovertime.
Thishappyphenomenonismostadvancedintherichestcountries,butit’sspreadingaroundtheworld.
参考译文：这种令人欣喜的现象在富裕国家进展最为成熟，但也同时在世界各地传播。
Almostnobodyanticipatedthatitwouldhappen,andeventodayveryfewpeopleareawarethattheapparentlyunchallengedtrade-offbetweenhumanprosperityandthestateofnaturehasbeeneased.
参考译文：几乎没人预料到它会发生，即使在今天，也很少有人意识到，人类繁荣与大自然的状态之间看似不可挑战的权衡已经被缓和。
Sure,bothVisaandMasterCardhavezero-liabilitypoliciesthatsayyouwon’tbeheldresponsibleforunauthorizedcardchargesaslongasyoureportthefraudpromptly.Butwordinginthefineprintaddsawarning:toqualify,thecardholdermustusecaretoprotectthecard.Couldapasswordthat’seasytocrackviolatethoserules
思考题：Thezero-liabilitypoliciesofVisaandMasterCard_A_.A.arousetheconcernofitsinterpretationB.aretoprotecttheauthorizedcarduseC.intendstosafeguardthecybersecurityD.guaranteethesafetyandinterestofusers.
Sure,bothVisaandMasterCardhavezero-liabilitypoliciesthatsayyouwon’tbeheldresponsibleforunauthorizedcardchargesaslongasyoureportthefraudpromptly.
Butwordinginthefineprintaddsawarning:toqualify,thecardholdermustusecaretoprotectthecard.
参考译文：但小号的细则的表述还加了一条警告：要满足条件，持卡人须谨慎保护卡。
Couldapasswordthat’seasytocrackviolatethoserules
参考译文：容易被破解的密码是否违反这些规则？
2020/3/20
Despiteallthedeep-learningpromotion,AIstruggleswiththemessinessofreality.Backgroundnoise,crosstalk,non-WesternaccentsalltendtoconfusetranscriptionAI.Bycontrast,humansinterpretbadaudiobyunderstandingthecontextoftheconversation,bydeployingcommonsense.
思考题：TheauthorholdsthattranscriptionAI______A.actuallyaddstohumans’workloadB.eliminatetheroleofhumansC.hasroomforfurtherimprovementD.istofailintheforeseeablefuture
Despiteallthedeep-learninghype=promotion,AIstruggleswiththemessinessofreality.
参考译文：尽管关于深度学习的宣传颇多，人工智能仍在现实的混乱中挣扎。
Backgroundnoise,crosstalk,non-WesternaccentsalltendtoconfusetranscriptionAI.
参考译文：背景噪音、串音、非西方口音都容易让转录人工智能感到困惑。
Bycontrast,humansdecipher=interpretbadaudiobyunderstandingthecontextoftheconversation,bydeployingcommonsense.
参考译文：相比之下，人类通过理解对话的上下文，并诉诸常识，来破译质量不佳的音频。
Evenwithcarefulwordingonthepackaging,it’seasytomissimportantlimitationsonagenetictest’sscope,ortomisunderstandcriticaldifferencesintheresults.Forsomeusers,thedesireforinsightsleadsthemtobelievesomeinformationisbetterthannone.Andthatisthedanger:consumer-gradeproductsareeasilymisinterpretedasappropriatemedicaltestsandcreatefalsereassurancesinpatients.
Theauthorbelievesthatconsumer-gradegenetictests__.
A.servenovaluetoconsumersindesireofinformation.
B.hasnotprintproperguidelinesonthepackage
C.willbemisunderstoodasthereliablemedicalindicator
D.maymisguidepatientswithitspackagewording.
Evenwithcarefulwordingonthepackaging,it’seasytomissimportantlimitationsonagenetictest’sscope,ortomisunderstandcriticaldifferencesintheresults.
参考译文：即使包装上措辞谨慎，也很容易忽视测试范围的重要局限，或误解结果中关键的细微差别。
Forsomeusers,thedesireforinsightsleadsthemtobelievesomeinformationisbetterthannone.
参考译文：对于某些用户来说，对洞察的渴望让他们相信有信息总比没信息好。
Andthatisthedanger:consumer-gradeproductsareeasilymisconstruedasappropriatemedicaltestsandcreatefalsereassurancesinpatients
参考译文：这正是危险所在：消费者级产品很容易被误解成恰当的医学测试，并会给予患者虚假的保证。
Macleodarguesthatlearninghowtosaygoodbyeresponsiblycanactuallyhelpacompanystayhealthy.Nobusinesskeepsallofitscustomersforever,andholdingontothemtootightlymaybackfire:Peopleseemtolikethatcompaniesofferaneasywayoutofsubscriptionsandservices,hesays.Customerloss,ofcourse,isnotthefinalfarewell.Acompanythatseesitsowndeathclearlyalsohasabetterchanceofseeingitsnextboom.
思考题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.
A.aresponsiblecompanycanliveforever
B.businessmenarenotwell-mannered
C.customerlossmeanstheendofbusiness
D.crisis-awarecompaniesoftenfarebetter
Macleodarguesthatlearninghowtosaygoodbyeresponsiblycanactuallyhelpacompanystayhealthy.
参考译文：麦克劳德认为，学习如何负责任地告别实际上可以帮助企业保持健康。
Nobusinesskeepsallofitscustomersforever,andholdingontothemtootightlymaybackfire:Peopleseemtolikethatcompaniesofferaneasywayoutofsubscriptionsandservices,hesays.
参考译文：他说，没有一家公司能永远保留所有客户，抓客户抓得太紧可能会适得其反：人们似乎喜欢公司能提供简单的取消订阅和服务的方法。
Customerloss,ofcourse,isnotthefinalfarewell.
参考译文：当然，损失客户不是最后的再见。
Ratherthanwaitforstudentstoapply,Idahoadmitsthosemeetingacombinationofrequirementstoallofitspublicuniversitiesandcommunitycolleges,beforetheyfilloutasingleform.TheideaisnotonlytoencouragethesestudentstopursuedegreesbuttogetthemtostayinIdaho,whichhasexperiencedabraindrainofhighschoolgraduatesleavingforcollegeelsewhereandnevercomingback.
思考题：ThepurposeofIdaho’sadmissionpolicyis_____(A)tocombinetherequirementsofpublicuniversityandothercolleges.(B)topreventtheadversetendencyaffectingitshumanresourcestrategy.(C)toimposethestricterstandardssoastopreventthebraindraintrend.(D)toattractthosestudentswholeftforhigheducationinotherstates.
Ratherthanwaitforstudentstoapply,Idahoadmitsthosemeetingacombinationofrequirementstoallofitspublicuniversitiesandcommunitycolleges,beforetheyfilloutasingleform.
参考译文：爱达荷州没有等待学生申请，而是在他们填写任何表格之前，就录取那些符合其所有公立和社区大学的一系列要求的学生。
TheideaisnotonlytoencouragethesestudentstopursuedegreesbuttogetthemtostayinIdaho,whichhasexperiencedabraindrainofhighschoolgraduatesleavingforcollegeelsewhereandnevercomingback.
参考译文：这个想法不仅意在鼓励学生攻读学位，也为了让他们留在爱达荷州。爱达荷州面临人才流失，高中毕业生们到州外上大学且不再回来。
Thefossilfuelindustryfacesaclassicbusinessproblem:Someoneelsehascomeupwithabettertechnology.Eventhecar,whichhashelpeddefineourcultureandconsumesvastquantitiesoffossilfuel,ischangingfast.NohonestpersonwhohasdrivenaTeslawilldisputethatit’sasuperiormachine:fast,withfewmovingparts,andaquietelegancethatmakesarumblingmusclecarseemmorethanalittleold-fashioned.
思考题：TheauthormentionsTeslatoshowthat__.A.fossilfuelistheclassicsolutionB.carconsumesalotofenergyC.fossilfuelisbeingchallengedD.itrunfastandiswell-designed
Thefossilfuelindustryfacesaclassicbusinessproblem:Someoneelsehascomeupwithabettertechnology.
参考译文：化石燃料行业面临着一个典型的商业问题：其他人提出了更好的技术。
Eventhecar,whichhashelpeddefineourcultureandconsumesvastquantitiesoffossilfuel,ischangingfast.
参考译文：即使是帮助定义我们文化并消耗大量化石燃料的汽车也正在迅速转变。
NohonestpersonwhohasdrivenaTeslawilldisputethatit’sasuperiormachine:fast,withfewmovingparts,andaquietelegancethatmakesarumblingmusclecarseemmorethanalittleold-fashioned.
参考译文：特斯拉是架出众的机器，没有一个开过它的诚实人会质疑：特斯拉很少活动部件，快捷、安静、优雅，让隆隆的力量型车看起来不止是有点过时。
Womenweren’theldbackbecauseoftroublebalancingthecompetingdemandsofworkandfamily—men,too,sufferedfromthebalanceproblemandneverthelessadvanced.Womenwereheldbackbecause,unlikemen,theywereencouragedtotakeaccommodations,suchasgoingpart-timeandshiftingtointernallyfacingroles,whichderailedtheircareers.Therealreasonwasageneralcultureofoverworkthathurtbothmenandwomenandlockedgenderinequalityinplace.
思考题：Accordingtothepassage，womenwerehinderedby_____(A)thebalanceproblemofworkandfamily(B)thegeneralcultureofoverwork(C)thestressandinequalitycausedbymen(D)thecompetingdemandsofcareerandwork
Womenweren’theldbackbecauseoftroublebalancingthecompetingdemandsofworkandfamily—men,too,sufferedfromthebalanceproblemandneverthelessadvanced.
参考译文：女性不是因为难以平衡工作和家庭互不相容的需求而止步不前——男性也面临同样的平衡问题，但他们还是晋升了。
Womenwereheldbackbecause,unlikemen,theywereencouragedtotakeaccommodations,suchasgoingpart-timeandshiftingtointernallyfacingroles,whichderailedtheircareers.
参考译文：女性止步不前的原因是因为，和男性不同，她们被鼓励做出妥协，比如转成兼职或者面向内部的岗位；这些都让她们的职业偏轨。
Therealculpritwasageneralcultureofoverworkthathurtbothmenandwomenandlockedgenderinequalityinplace.
参考译文：真正的罪魁祸首是一种普遍过度工作的文化，这种文化同时伤害了男性和女性，并锁定了性别歧视。