Thistestisdesignedforstudents________nativelanguageisnotEnglish.
A．whoseB．whomC．towhomD．towhose
云原生(CloudNative)是一个组合词，Cloud表示应用程序位于云中，Native表示应用程序从设计之初即考虑到云的环境，原生为云而设计，在云上以最佳姿势运行，充分利用和发挥云平台的弹性+分布式优势。
A、正确
B、错误
下面对于ONT终端端口nativeVLAN叙述正确的是。
A、端口默认的nativeVLAN为1
B、如果ONT端口直接连接电脑，需要将nativeVLAN设置和业务VLAN一致
C、如果ONT端口下挂交换机，可以不设置ONT端口nativeVLAN
D、一个端口的nativeVLAN只能设一个
A.AdabasDB.dBaseC.fileProD.mSQLE.MySQL
A.两者不能进行有效通信B.JDBC只有通过native方法，才能访问ODBC数据源C.JDBC完全兼容ODBCD.JDBC提供了与ODBC接口的桥梁
A.TheSignificanceofNative-placeTiestoChineseImmigrants.B.TheInfluenceofForeignLandonChineseOverseas.C.TheDilemmaofCulturalRootsandCitizenship.D.TheAttractivenessoftheAncestryVillages.
问题2选项A.showsharedhistoryandancestryamongoverseasChineseB.wouldhelpoverseasChinesetosearchfortheiridentitiesC.encompasseverythinginplanningtourismforoverseasChineseD.haveproducedimagesfromvarioussourcesforoverseasChinese
问题3选项A.Positively.B.Indifferently.C.Practically.D.Eagerly.
问题4选项A.Impartial.B.Confidential.C.Subjective.D.Reproachful.
InmostHollywoodmovies,theNativeAmericanNavajosstillfightonhorsesintheAmericanSouthwest.ButduringWorldWarII,agroupofNavajosmadetheirlanguageintoweapontoprotecttheUnitedStates.TheyweretheNavajoCodeTalkers,andtheirsisoneofthefewunbrokencodes(电码）inmilitaryhistory.
Navajowastheperfectchoiceforasecretlanguage.Itisverycomplex.Onevowel(元音）canhaveuptotendifferentpronunciations,changingthemeaningofanyword.Inthe1940s,Navajowasunwrittenlanguage.Nooneoutsideofthereservationcouldspeakitorunderstandit.
TheNavajoCodeteamhadtoinventnewwordstodescribemilitaryequipment.Forexample,theynamedshipsafterfish:lotso-whale(battleship),calo-shark(destroyer),beshloiron-fish(submarine).WhenaCodeTalkerreceivedamessageviaradio,heheardaseriesofunrelatedNavajowords.HewouldthentranslatethewordsintoEnglishandusethefirstletterofeachEnglishwordtospellthemessage.TheNavajowordstsah(needle),wol-la-chee(ant),ah-kh-di-glini(victor),andtsah-ah-dzoh(yucca)spelledNAVY.
TheCodeTalkerkeptthecodeasecret.Theymemorizedeverything.Therewerenocodebooks.Asaresult,noordinaryNavajosoldiers,ifcapturedbytheenemy,couldunderstandthecode.Morethan3,600NavajosservedinWorldWarII,butonly420wereCodeTalkerswiththeUSMarines.Theycodedanddecodedbattlefieldmessagesbetterandfasterthananymachine.Theycouldencode,transmit,anddecodeathree-lineEnglishmessagein20seconds.Machinesofthetimerequired30minutestoperformthesamejob.
Evenafterthewarthecoderemainedtopsecret.Whentheywereaskedabouttheirrole,CodeTalkersjustsaid:“Iwasaradioman.”Warmoviesandhistoriescameoutwithoutmentioningthem.Thecodewasneverusedagainandwasfinallydeclassifiedin1968.Onlythendidthesecretcameout.
8.WhatdoweknowabouttheNavajolanguage
A.Ithadcomplexspokenandwrittenforms.
B.ItwascreatedduringtheSecondWorldWar.
C.ItwasunderstoodonlybytheNavajos.
D.Itconsistedoftenvowellettersintotal.
9.WhatdidtheNavajoCodeteamdoafterreceivingamessage
A.TheyputtheunrelatedNavajowordsinorder.
B.TheyrecordedthemessageinNavajoletters.
C.Theysubmittedittotheofficerimmediately.
D.TheyturnedItintoEnglishinasecretway.
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declassified”mostprobablymean
A.Replaced.B.Approved.
C.Madeknown.D.Forbidden.
11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
A.TheNavajoCodeTalkerscanbefoundtofightonhorsesinUSmovies.
B.TheNavajolanguagecontributedalottotheUSarmyinWorldWarII.
C.WarmessagesweretranslatedintoEnglishthroughNavajocodebooks.
D.Around12%NavajosoldiersweretakenprisonerduringWorldWarII.
LikethenativeChinese,someforeignershavestartedtojointheirChinesefriends____41____sendingorgrabbingvirtualredpacketsduringtheSpringFestivalandotherspecial___42___(occasion).___43___
(attract)bytheuniquewayofinteractingwithpeopleaswellastheculturethatgavebirthtothephenomenon,manyforeignerssaycompetingwithfriendstograbredpacketsin____44____WeChatgroupcanbealotoffun.
MattiasKlement,27,aSwede____45____hasbeenlivinginChinaforyears,saidmoreforeignershavestartedtotakepartinthis____46____(active)becauseofthepopularityofWeChatwallet.
"Ithinkitis____47____(main)becausemoreandmoreplacesnowallowpayingwithWeChat.It’salsofuntojustinvolve____48____(you)inthecultureofit,"saidKlement.Twoyearsago,whensomefriends____49____(send)him5.20or8.88Yuanredpackets,hehadnoclueaboutthehiddenmeanings.Now,heisnotonlyquitefamiliarwiththembutalsohasbeenusedtosendingsome.
"It’snicetobeabletosay‘Iloveyou’with5.20Yuan,Iguess,"hesaid,laughing."Ialsoremember
___50___(try)toticksomeofmyfriendsoffbypayingback99.99insteadof100justforfun.”
Beforethe17thcentury,mostofthenativeEnglishspeakerslivedinEngland.Afterthe17thcentury,Britishpeoplebegantomovetoother___66___(country).Gradually,Englishwasspokenthere.Atpresent___67___(many)peoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.___68___(luck),nativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.
English___69___(change)anddevelopedwhenculturesmetandcommunicatedwitheachotheroverthepastcenturies.TheEnglish___70___(speak)inEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferent___71___themodernEnglishwespeaktoday.ItwasthenewsettlersthatenrichedtheEnglishlanguageand___72___(especial)itsvocabulary.TheEnglishlanguagewassettledbythe19thcentury___73___twobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened.Englishnowisalsospokenasaforeign___74___secondlanguageinSouthAsia.Chinamayhavethe___75___(large)numberofEnglishlearners.
Howdonativespeakerstrulyfeelwhenspeakingwithnon-nativeEnglishspeakersItseemsthat___41___(break)Englishannoysthem.However,theykeepbeingreallynicewhenspeakingwithnon-nativespeakers.Iwonderhowtheyreallyfeelwhendoingso.
Ithinkitwoulddepend___42___thenativeEnglishspeakers.Somepeoplearejust___43___(easy)annoyed.
Personally,IstudySpanish.WhenIhearsomeone___44___(attempt)English,IampatientwiththembecauseIknow___45___difficultitistotalkinanon-nativetongue.IalsoknowEnglishisverydifficult___46___(learn),andthatincreasesmyrespectfortheirefforts.I’mapatientpersonbynature.
Thesituationmatterstoo.IfIwerewaiting___47___(table)onasupercrowdeddayandreally___48___(need)todoaboutadozendifferentthings,Imightbecomeupsetathavingtowaitforsomeonetostrugglewhileorderinghismeal.
Therealsoexiststhe___49___(possible)thatwhatisconsideredasannoyanceisnottrulyannoyance.Imightfrown(皱眉)whilelisteningtoanon-nativespeaker,____50____thatwouldbebecauseIamconcentratingandlisteninghardtounderstandhim.Itwouldn’tmeanI’matallannoyed.
Tom______alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.
A.pickedupB.tookupC.madeupD.turnedup
—Areyouanativeofthistown—IwasborninNewYork,butthisis______Igrewup.
A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where
—Areyouanativeofthistown
—IwasborninNewYork,butthisisIgrewup.
12tiku.com
LongagoaNativeAmericanchiefnamedShenandoahlivedwithhistribes(部落)inwhatisnowthestateofVirginia.LittleisknownaboutShenandoah,butinsomeway,thesoftsoundofhisnamewasgiventoariver.TheShenandoahRiverstillflowsinadeepvalleybetweentheAlleghenyandBlueRidgeMountains,justasitdidwhenChiefShenandoahlived.Itisaslowmovingriver,softandasbeautifulasitsname.Somewordexpertswhobelievetheword“Shenandoah”means“spruceriver”becausethewatersoftheriverrunthroughgreatforestsofsprucetrees(云杉).Andthisexplanationcouldbecorrect.
However,thereisanoldNativeAmericanstorywhichisfarmorebeautifulthanthatoftheexperts.CenturiesbeforeEuropeanscametotheNewWorld,therewasagreatlakeofbluewaterhiddeninthemountainsofVirginia.Forhundredsofyears,NativeAmericantribeslivednearthislake,feedingonthefishfromitscleanwaters.TheNativeAmericansoftenclimbedupthemountainsandcampedthereduringtheirlonghuntsforfood.Intheeveningstheysatneartheircampandlookeddownatthebeautifullake.
Onaclear,starrynightyoucouldseethousandsofstarsshininganddancingonthewaterbelow.TheNativeAmericanslovedthislake,andbecausetheycouldseethestarsinit,theycalledthelake,“ClearDaughteroftheStars.”Intheirlanguage,thewordforthiswas“Shenandoah.”
Onedaythelakestartedtodisappear.Itswaterranoutofthevalley,throughabreakinthemountainside.ThewatersranonandonuntiltheyjoinedanotherriverknownasthePotomac.Atlast,thelakewasgone.Initsplacewasonlyariver.ItisthebeautifulShenandoahRivertoday.
However,thewordShenandoahbecomeswellknowntopeoplebecausesomeonewroteasongaboutitsomeyearsago.“Shenandoah”isperhapsoneofAmerica’smostrecognizablefolksongs.Somesaythesongreferstotheriver.OtherssayitisaboutthedaughterofChiefShenandoah.Regardlessofwhatthesongisabout,"Shenandoah"remainsanAmericanclassic.“OShenandoah,Iloveyourdaughter,Awayyourollingriver;OShenandoah,Iloveyourdaughter,AwayI'mboundtogo,'CrossthewideMissouri…”
21.Accordingtothetext,“Shenandoah”maybethefollowingEXCEPT______.
A.“spruceriver”B.thePotomac
C.“ClearDaughteroftheStars”D.anAmericanchief’sname
22.“Shenandoah”isfamiliartoAmericansmostlybecauseof______.
A.pureandrefreshingwaterB.agreathistoricalcharacter
C.anAmericanclassicsongD.themysteriousdisappearanceofalake
23.Themostsuitabletitleofthepassageis______.
A.ShenandoahandItsNativeAmericanRootsB.AnAmericanChief’sRomanticTale
C.TheMysteryofaMissingLakeD.ABeautifulAmericanSong
B
Mathilda,15,isTurkana,anativepeoplethathassurvivedbyraisingcattleinasemiarid(半干旱)region.Mathilda'sschool,likemostschoolsinthearea,doesn'thaveaccesstocleanwaterandsanitationfacilitiesforitsstudents.Soinsteadofspendingtheirwholeschooldaylearning,Mathildaandherclassmatesstarttheirdaybyspendingtwohourstotheclosestriverfetchingwater---waterthatisanywaymostlikelynotsafetodrink.Theydothesamethingagainintheafternoon,sotheyoftenlosearoundhalfoftheirschooldayfetchingwater.
Mathildahastodothesamethingoutsideofschoolhourstogetthewaterherfamilyneedsathome,leavingherlittletimeforstudying.Becauseofrisingtemperatures,waterhasbecomeharderandhardertofindhere,andpeoplehavetospendmoreandmoretimetryingtofindit.
Thisisjustonesmallexampleofhowclimatechangeismakingithardertorealizepeople’srightstowater,educationandsecurity.Unfortunately,mosthigher-incomecountriesremainedsilentontheissue.
Thisshowsthatcommunitiesalreadyfacingmarginalization(边缘化),suchaswomenandchildren,mostlysufferfromclimatechange.Thisisespeciallythecaseforthoseincountrieswithlimitedresourcesandfragileecosystems.
Meanwhile,womenconsistofthemajorityoftheworld'spoor，andsoaremoredependentfortheirlivelihoodonnaturalresourcesthatarethreatenedbyclimatechange.Andaroundtheworld,womenandgirlsarethemostlikelytoberesponsibleforfetchingwaterfortheirfamilies.
Thisexposesthemtodangerandleavesthemwithlesstimetoattendschool,earnmoney,orsimplytorest.Butthefactisthattheeffectsofclimatechangewillbefeltglobally.
Despitethedifficultiessheisfacing,tryingtogetaneducation,Mathildasaysshehopestoservehercommunityinaleadershiprolewhenshegrowsup.
“Alloftheworld'sleadersneedtoworktogethertosolvethisproblemthatweareallfacing,”shesaid.
24.Mathildahastospend_______fetchingwatereveryschoolday.
A.twohoursB.fourhoursC.morethanfourhoursD.almostawholeday
25.Thefirsttwoparagraphsareintendedtotellus____________.
A.thecauseandeffectoflackofwater
B.oneseriousconsequenceofclimatechange
C.thedifficultiesinfetchingwaterinthesemiaridregion
D.thehardshipoflifeforthepeopleinthesemiaridregion
26.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________________.
A.climatechangeiseveryone'sbusiness
B.waterisbecomingrarebecauseofrisingtemperatures
C.fetchingwatertakesupMathilda'shalfofstudyingtime
D.femalesaremoreresponsibleforfetchingwaterfortheirfamilies
27.Thepassageismainlyabouttheproblemcausedby_______________.
A.risingtemperaturesB.fetchingwaterC.climatechangeD.watershortage
Asa81(three)generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.Even82herdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,she83(polite)refused.Only84ayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGarzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.
NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.85thereisevidence86(suggest)thatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,87(agree)toleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingto88studybygrandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’s89(decide)willinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelieve90(many)familieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.
AlthoughtheSamoan(萨摩亚）Nativeshavelongclaimedtobetheindigenous(本土的）peopleoftheirislands,holdingfirmtothebeliefthatSamoanswerebirthedbyspecialcreationinSamoa,ithasbeentheorizedbymanylinguists,basedonlinguisticcommonalitiesaswellasarchaeologicalfindings,thatmigrantsfromSoutheastAsiaarrivedintheSamoanIslandsapproximately3500yearsago,settlinginwhathascometobeknownas"Polynesia"furthertotheeast.
EarlycontactwithEuropeanswasestablishedinthe18thcentury.Christianitywasformallyintroducedwiththearrivalofmissionaries(传教士）inAugust1830.Duringtheearly20thcenturytheSamoanIslandswerepidedbyGermany,GreatBritainandtheUSA.TutuilaandAunu'uislandswereclaimedbytheUSA.ThewesternislandsbecameGermanSamoa.In1914,NewZealandforcescapturedtheislandsfromGermany,thusbecomingWesternSamoa.WesternSamoaregaineditsindependenceonJanuary1,1962.
Samoansarenotableinrugby.Despiteitssmallpopulation,theislandofAmericanSamoaproducesdisproportionatelyalargenumberofworld-classAmericanfootballplayers.SamoanMosiTatupuwasamemberofNFLteam(全国橄榄球联盟）theNewEnglandPatriots.SamoanTroyPolamaluwasamemberoftheNFLteamthePittsburghSteelersuntilheretiredafterthe2014footballseason.
TraditionalSamoantattoo(纹身)provesthestrongtiesmanySamoansfeelfortheirculture.Samoanshavepracticedtheartoftattooingforover2,000years.Tothisday,aman'stattoowidelycoversfrommid-back,downthesides,totheknees.Awoman'stattooisnotquiteaswideorheavy.Thegeometricpatternsarebasedonancientdesigns,andoftenindicaterankandstatus.
Hereistheprocessoftattooing.Thetattoomasterdipshiscuttingtoolsintoblackinkmadefromburntshells,andthenpuncturesdesignsintotheskin.Thecuttingtoolconsistsofashortpieceofbambooorlightwoodwithapieceoftortoiseshellboundatrightanglesatoneend.Alittlebonecombisboundtothelowerbroadendofthetortoiseshell.Thelargerthecomb,thegreatertheareaontheskiniscoveredwithfewerstrokes.Theprocesstakesdays,andissometimespartiallyaccomplishedoverlongerperiods,withrecoveryinbetween.
58.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat_____________.
A.MissionariesfirstlyintroducedChristianityintoSamoainAugustof1830
B.TutuilaandAunu'uislandshaveeverbeenclaimedbyGreatBritainin1920
C.EasternandwesternSamoaregaineditsindependenceinJanuaryof1962
D.Samoahasahistoryofbeingoccupiedbyatleastfourdevelopedcountries
59.Theauthorintroducedthesportitem"rugby"inSamoawithatoneof__________.
A.dignityB.doubtC.respectD.sadness
60.Whentalkingabouttheirculture,Samoannativesmostprobablyagreethat________
A.awoman'stattooisquiteheavyandnotwide
B.aman'stattoocoversfrommid-chesttoknees
C.Tattoo-receivingrecoversslowlybutnecessarily
D.Tattoopatternsalwaysindicaterankandgender
EnglishnativespeakersarenotexactlythemastersoflanguagelearninginEurope—butdotheygetachanceComparetwoweeklyhoursatsecondaryschoolinBritaintofivehoursincontinental(大陆的)Europe.WheneverEnglishnativespeakerscometothecontinent,wearealltoohappytomakethemthevictimsofourdesiretopractiseourEnglish.Itisonlytoounderstandablethattheyfeelput_offwhentheyaskpolitelyinFrenchorGermanandthengetananswerinEnglish.
—Sentby:Bettina
You'rewrong.Itisestimated(估计)thatinafewyearsWaleswillbefullyabletousetwolanguages.
—Sentby:Sionyn
LanguageistaughtverybadlyinBritishschools.WhenIlivedinIsraelalltheArabicspeakingkidslearnedHebrewfromsixyearsonwardsandallHebrewspeakerslearnedArabicfromsixyearsonwards.AllkidsstartedEnglishattheageofeight.Mostpeople,however,wereexposedtootherlanguage,too.
—Sentby:Hlz
Yes,Icouldn'tagreemore!Inthecurriculum(课程)wearen'texposedtoenoughFrench.AtthemomentI'vedecidedtolearnonline.OnethingIthinkwelackislearningitatamuchyoungerageandnotbeingtaughtthebasics,thekeywordsthathelpbuildthelanguage.Insteadwearetaughtphraseswhichmostofthetimearen'tevenusedthatmuch.
—Sentby:James
It'sashamethatlanguagesarenolongercompulsory(义务的)inUK.TheywerewhenIwasinschoolafewyearsback,buteventhentheywerelimitedtoonlyFrenchandGerman.IhadtotakeafterschoolclassestolearnthelanguageIwasinterestedin.Someschools,however,areoffering“non-traditional”languagessuchasMandarinandJapanese.Ithinkithelpstolearnalanguagefromayoungerage.
—Sentby:Lou
67．Whoputsforwardthetopicforthetext
A.Sionyn.B.Lou.
C.Bettina.D.Hlz.
68．Theunderlinedphrase“putoff”inParagraph1means________.
A.happyB.satisfied
C.uneasyD.angry
69．AccordingtoJames,________.
A.keywordsarethebasics
B.heislearningGermanonlineathome
C.Frenchdoesn'tneedphrases
D.weshouldbeoldenoughtolearnlanguages
70．WhosupportsHlz'sopinion
A.Bettina.B.Sionyn.
C.Lou.D.James.
71．Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________.
A.anewspaperB.awebpage
C.anadD.atravelguide
Thedifficultyhehas______thenativespeakercanbeovercomeonconditionthatyoupracticelisteningeveryday.
A.understandingB.understandC.understoodD.tounderstand
AsanativespeakerofEnglish，hehasanadvantage________otherapplicants.
A．ofB．over
C．toD．at
Hundredsofyearsago,Native-Americantribes(部落)livedinMexico.TheAztecsbuiltbeautifulcities.Theyhadacalendar(历法)andawrittenlanguage.However,theSpanishdestroyedtheAztecsin1521.Forthenext300years,SpainruledoverMexico.That'swhyMexicansspeakSpanish.
EverySeptember16theMexicanpeopleholdacelebrationinMexicoCity,theircountry'scapital.ItistheirIndependenceDay.Onthatdatein1821theytoldSpaintheywouldnolongerberuled.
BreakingfreefromSpaincausedawar.Whenitwasover,theMexicanshadtheirowngovernment.Theymadetheirownlaws.
TodayAmericaandMexicoarefriends,butitwasn'talwaysthatway.PresidentJamesPolkwantedAmericatoreachfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean.HetriedtobuywhatisnowtheAmericansouthwestfromMexico.Mexicowouldnotsell.Sofrom1846to1848MexicoandAmericafoughtawartoascertainwheretheirborders(边界)wouldbe.Whenthewarended,Mexicolostalotofland.NowtheRioGrandeRiverformstheborderbetweenthetwonations.Americaisonthenorthsideoftheriver.Mexicoisonthesouthside.12tiku.com
Mexicohasmountainsandahot,dryclimate.Cropscangrowononlyasmallpartoftheland.Still,Mexicansgrowmuchofthecoffee,oranges,andsugarusedintheUS.MexicanshaveinfluencedbuildingstylesinsouthwesternUSandaddedwordssuchaspatioandcantontoAmericanEnglish.AmericansalsoenjoyeatingmanyMexicanfoodslikeburritos,tacos,tortillas,andtamales.
54.BeforetheAztecsweredestroyed,theseNativeAmericansprobably________.
A.didn'tspeakSpanishB.couldn'treadorwriteanylanguage
C.didn'thavetoolsD.didn'tunderstandtheconceptoftime
55.ThepassagesaysthatPresidentPolkwanted________.
A.theUStoexpanditsborderstothePacificOcean
B.MexicotochangeitsIndependenceDaytoJuly4th
C.MexicotobecomeoneofthestatesoftheUnion
D.AmericanstoadopttheMexicanlanguage
56.Anotherwordfortheunderlinedword“ascertain”is________.
A.inspectB.discoverC.changeD.determine
57.MexicanshavethefollowinginfluencesonAmericaEXCEPT________.
A.buildingstylesB.vocabularyC.clothesD.food
BananasaretoTaiwan.
A,origialB,naturalC,nativeD,foreign
MexicoPastandPresent
TodayAmericaandMexicoarefriends,butitwasn'talwaysthatway.PresidentJamesPolkwantedAmericatoreachfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean.HetriedtobuywhatisnowtheAmericansouthwestfromMexico.Mexicowouldnotsell.Sofrom1846to1848MexicoandAmericafoughtawartoascertainwheretheirborders(边界)wouldbe.Whenthewarended,Mexicolostalotofland.NowtheRioGrandeRiverformstheborderbetweenthetwonations.Americaisonthenorthsideoftheriver.Mexicoisonthesouthside.
71.BeforetheAztecsweredestroyed,theseNativeAmericansprobably________.
A.didn'tspeakSpanish
B.couldn'treadorwriteanylanguage
C.didn'thavetools
D.didn'tunderstandtheconceptoftime
72.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedsecondonahistoricaltimeline
A.MexicansdeclaredtheirindependencefromSpain.
B.TheSpanishruledMexico.
C.TheAztecslivedinMexico.
D.AmericansfoughtawarwithMexico.
73.ThepassagesaysthatPresidentPolkwanted________.
74.Anotherwordfortheunderlinedword“ascertain”is________.
75.MexicanshavethefollowinginfluencesonAmericaEXCEPT________.
A.buildingstylesB.v
Thenewcomerwasannoyedthatthenativescouldn’thismeaningbecauseofhisstrongaccent.
A.getdowntoB.makesenseofC.lookdownuponD.goinfor
Manyfruittreesarenative____China,________themostwell-knownistheLichee(荔枝).
A.to,ofwhichB.in,ofthemC.to,amongthemD.in,which
OnlyafterIleftmynativecountryforAmerica_____howmuchIlovedher.
A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
Learnalanguageinthenativecountryandaddsomeextracurricularfunwiththeseholidaycoursesthatofferaskillorsomeculture,too.
Mandarinandvariousactivities,China
Fourhoursoflessonsadayplusthebenefitofone-to-onelevelassessmentandstudyplanisthedealattheHutongSchool’sMandarincoursesinBeijing,ShanghaiandHangzhou.Atwo-weekcoursealsoincludesuptofouractivitiesaweek-taichi,cooking,evenskiing-andthereareoutingsattheweekendstoexploremoreofChina.
Greekandculture,Lefkada
OmilorunsGreekcoursesinAthensandNafplion,andontheislandsofSyrosandLefkada.Thelatterisperhapsthemostappealing:classestakeplace200metresfromthebeachinthevillageofAgiosNikitasonthewestcoast.Aweek’scourseincludes24hoursoflessonsoversixdaysandatleastfouractivities.Strangely,studentsmustbe26orover.
Japaneseandpopculture,Fukuoka
Cactushascoursesin120destinationsinFukuoka.Lessonsarefrom9.30am—2.30pm,MondaytoFriday,andcovermovies,music,TVandbooksaswellastheJapaneselanguage.Optionalextrasincludestudyingteaceremonies,calligraphy,Japanesefoodandothercustoms.
Frenchandhorse-riding,Provence
CESAhasgreatcoursesbasedatamansioninAix-en-Provence.TwoweeksofFrenchlessonscanbecombinedwithhorse-riding(20grouplessonsperweek),painting,hiking,cookingoroenology.Accommodationoptionsincludestayingwithahostfamily.Theschoolarrangesactivitiessuchastowntours.
1.What’sspecialaboutHutongSchool’sMandarincourses
A.Weekdaytrips.B.Hotdestinations.
C.Scienceexploration.D.Personalizedteaching.
2.WhatactivitydoCactusandCESAshare
A.Hiking.B.Painting.
C.Foodstudies.D.Teaceremonies.
3.Whichofthefollowinghasanagelimit
A.Omilo.B.CESA.
C.Cactus.D.HutongSchool.
TheNativeAmericanofnorthernCaliforniawerehighlyskilledatbasketry,usingthereeds,graeses,barks,androotstheyfoundaroundthemtofashionarticlesofallsortsandsizes-notonlytrays,containers,andcookingpots,buthats,boats,fishtraps,babycarriers,andceremonialobjects.
Ofalltheseexperts,noneexcelledthePomo-agroupwholivedonornearthecoastduringthe1800's,andwhosedescendantscontinuetoliveinpartsofthesameregiontothisday.Theymadebasketsthreefeetindiameterandothersnobiggerthanathimble(顶针).ThePomopeopleweremastersofdecoration.Someoftheirbasketswerecompletelycoveredwithshellpendants；otherswithfeathersthatmadethebaskets’surfacesassoftasthebreastsofbirds.Moreover,thePomopeoplemadeuseofmoreweavingtechniquesthandidtheirneighbors.Mostgroupsmadealtheirbasketworkbytwining--thetwistingofaflexiblehorizontalmaterial,calledaweft,aroundstifferverticalstrandsofmaterial,thewarp.Othersdependedprimarilyoncoiling-aprocessinwhichacontinuouscoilofstiffmaterialisheldinthedesiredshapewithtightwrappingofflexiblestrands.OnlythePomopeopleusedbothprocesseswithequaleaseandfrequency.Inaddition,theymadeuseoffourdistinctvariationsonthebasictwiningprocess,oftenemployingmorethanoneoftheminasinglearticle.
Althoughawidevarietyofmaterialswasavailable,thePomopeopleusedonlyafew.Thewarpwasalwaysmadeofwillow,andthemostcommonlyusedweftwassedgeroot,awoodyfiberthatcouldeasilybeseparatedintostrandsnothickerthanathread.Forcolor1,thePomopeopleusedthebarkofred-budfortheirtwinedworkanddyedbullrushrootforblackincoiledwork.Thoughothermaterialsweresometimesused,thesefourwerethestaplesintheirfinestbasketry.
IfthebasketrymaterialsusedbythePomopeoplewerelimited,thedesignswereamazinglyvaried.EveryPomobasketmakerknewhowtoproducefromfifteentotwentydistinctpatternsthatcouldbecombinedinanumberofdifferent.
36Theword“fashion”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.
A.maintainB.organizeC.tradeD.create
37.Whatistheauthor'smainpointinparagraph2
A.TheneighborsofthePomopeopletriedtoimproveonthePomobasketweavingtechniques.
B.ThePomopeoplewerethemostskilledbasketweaversintheirregion.
C.ThePomopeoplelearnedtheirbasketweavingtechniquesfromotherNativeAmericans.
D.ThePomobasketshavebeenhandeddownforgenerations.
38.Accordingtothepassage,therelationshipbetweenred-budandtwiningismostsimilartotherelationshipbetween______.
A.bullrushandcoilingB.weftandwarp
C.willowandfeathersD.sedgeandweaving
39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPomobasketscanbebestinferredfromthepassage
A.BasketsproducedbyotherNativeAmericanswerelessvariedindesignthanthoseofthePomo.
B.BasketsproducedbyPomoweaveswereprimarilyforceremonialandreligiouspurposes.
C.Therewereaverylimitednumberofbasket-makingmaterialsavailabletothePomopeople.
D.Thebasket-makingproductionofthePomopeoplehasbeenincreasingovertheyears.
Barredowls(大林鸮猫头鹰)arealargespeciesnativetoeasternNorthAmerica,buttheybeganmovingwestatthestartofthe20thcentury.By1973,largenumbersofbarredowlshadarrivedinthewesternstateofWashington.LatertheymovedsouthintoOregonandCalifornia.
InpartsofthePacificNorthwest,theowlsarenowbelievedtobecausingadropinthepopulationofasmaller,lessaggressivebird:thenorthernspottedowl.Inmanyways,thebarredowlisthespottedowl'sworstenemy.Thebarredowlhasmorebabiesperyearandeatsthesameanimals,likesquirrelsandwoodrats.Andtheirnumbersarenowlargerinmanypartsofthespottedowl'straditionalterritory.
DavidWiensisabiologistwiththeU.S.GeologicalSurvey,afederalagencythatstudiestheEarthanditsnaturalresources.Heandotherofficialsaredoingsomethingunusualtoprotectspottedowls:killingbarredowls.Itisacontroversial,experimentalprogram.Morethan2,400barredowlshavealreadybeenshot.
Wiensisthesonofawell-knownbirdexpertandgrewupwiththefascinationforbirds.Hehasmixedfeelingsabouttheprogram."It'salittledistasteful,Ithink,togooutkillingbarredowlstosaveanotherowlspecies,"hesays.Butheadds,“Weknewthatbarredowlswereoutcompetingspottedowlsandtheirnumbersweregrowingtoofast."
Tocatchbarredowls,officialsputdigitalbirdcallersontheground.Thentheystepbackandwaitasseveralsoundsfromthedevicesfilltheair.Allofthishappensinthedarkofnight.Barredowlsdislikeotherbirdsintheirterritory,sotheywillflydownandchaseotherowlsout.ThatiswhenWiensandhisteamtrytoshootthem.
8.What'sthemainproblemwithspottedowls
A.Theyarebeingstarvedtodeath.B.Theyhavemorebabieseachyear.
C.Theyareinvadedbyanotherbird.D.Theyarehuntedbyman.
9.Whyarebarredowlsbeingkilled
A.Theyareeatingthespottedowls.B.Theyarekillingeachothertosurvive.
C.Theyareputtingthespottedowlsindanger.D.Theyaredestroyinglargeareasofforests.
10.Whydidtheofficialsreleasethebirdsounds
A.Tokillbarredowls.B.Topuzzlebarredowls.
C.Toprotectbarredowls.D.Tofrightenbarredowls.
11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.KillingOneAnimaltoSaveAnother.B.KeepingtheBalanceofNature.
C.ProtectingBirdsinDanger.D.PreventingBirdsfromPlayingFair.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入恰当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Howdonativespeakerstrulyfeelwhenspeakingwithnon-nativeEnglishspeakersItseemsthat___41___(break)Englishannoysthem.However,theykeepbeingreallynicewhenspeakingwithnon-nativespeakers.Iwonder___42___theyreallyfeelwhendoingso.IthinkitwoulddependonthenativeEnglishspeakers.Somepeoplearejust___43___(easy)annoyed.
Personally,IstudySpanish.WhenIhearsomeone___44___(try)English,IampatientwiththembecauseIknowhowdifficultitistotalkinanon-nativetongue.IalsoknowEnglishisverydifficult___45___(learn),andthatincreasesmyrespect___46___theirefforts.I’mapatientpersonbynature.
Thesituation___47___(matter)too.IfIwereawaiteronasupercrowdeddayandreallyneededtodoaboutadozendifferentthings,Imightbecomeupsetathavingtowaitforsomeonetostrugglewhileordering___48___(he)meal.
Therealsoexiststhe___49___(possible)thatwhatisconsideredasannoyanceisnottrulyannoyance.Imightfrownwhilelisteningtoanon-nativespeaker,____50____thatwouldbebecauseIamconcentratingandlisteninghardtounderstandhim.Itwouldn'tmeanI'matallannoyed.
Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.________,itcontainsalargenumeroftreesandflowersfromoverseas.
A.InotherwordsB.InparticularC.InvainD.Inaddition
Ifyouwalkintoanativeplantnursery,youmustfeeldefeatedbecauseallthelittleplantslooksimilar.Nowwehavetheshoppingguideforyou:asetofeasy-to-carryflashcardsthatexplaininbrilliantcolor1whatthoselittleplantswilllooklikewhentheyallgrowup.
Nativeplantsjustaren'tthateasytounderstandfortraditionalgardeners.“That'swhystaffattheTheodorePayneFoundationforWildFlowers&NativePlantsbegancreatingsomegoodinformationintotheworldofnativeplants,"saidKittyConnolly."Everybodyneedstolearnaboutnativesifwe'regoingtohavethem,inourfuture,butit'sdifficulttogetinformationtoeveryoneatonce.Wewantedsomethingthatwouldbeusefultoeveryone."
ThegroupdecidedtocreateflashcardsonlyaboutthesizeandshapeofaniPhone6.“Youcantakethemapartandputthemonatabletoseehowplantsgowithotherplants.Theydon'treplaceawebsiteorgreatbooksontheshelf;they'rejusteasiertocarryanduseforplanning,saidMikeEvans.Whilethecardsareverysmall,theyincludealotofinformation.Youcanfindhowtallandwideaparticularplantwillgrow,whenitblooms,howquicklyitgrows,whatbirdsandanimalsitattractsandhowmuchwaterandsunlightitneeds.
Thecardsdon'tincludeallnativeplants.Theydon'tincludemilkweed,forexample.Buttheyarehelpfulforpeopletolearnnativeplants.
Thepriceofthecardsis$17.Theyareonlysoldonline.Ifpeoplehavethecards,theycanmoreeasilyrequesttheplantstheywant.Thedirectorsaid,“Wecreatethecardswiththehopethatpeoplecanlearnmoreaboutnativeplantsandgrowthem."
4.Whydopeoplefeeldefeatedinanativeplantnursery
A.Theycan'trecognizelittleplantsthere.B.Thelittleplantsaredifficulttocarry.
C.Thelittleplantshavebrightcolor1s.D.They'reforcedtobuymanyplants.
5.HowdoesMikeEvansliketheflashcards
A.Theyaretoobig.B.Theyareeasytocarry.
C.Theyaretooexpensive.D.Theyaredifficulttobuy.
6.Whatcanweknowabouttheflashcardsfromthetext
A.Theycanbeboughtinalocalfoodstore.
B.TheyhaveabiggersizethananiPhone6.
C.Theyarehelplessforpeopletolearnplants.
D.Theyshowinformationofsomekindsofnativeplants.
7.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext
A.LittlePlantsLooktheSameB.NativePlantsAreSoldOnline
C.PlantNurseriesWon'tGrowNativePlantsD.FlashcardsWillHelpYouLearnNativePlants
Tropicalrainforests(热带雨林)arehometonativepeopleswhorelyontheirsurroundingsforfood,shelter,andmedicines.TodayveryfewforestpeopleinmanyareaslikethePhilippines,PapuaNewGuinealiveintraditionalways;mosthavebeendisplacedbyoutsidesettlersorhavebeenforcedtogiveuptheirlifestylesbygovernments.
Oftheremainingforestpeople,theAmazonsupportsthelargestnativeornativepopulations,althoughthesepeople,too,havebeenaffectedbythemodernworld.Whiletheystilldependontheforestfortraditionalhuntingandgathering,mostAmerindians,asAmericannativepeoplearecalled,growcrops,usewesterngoods,andmakeregulartripstotownsandcitiestobringfoodsandproductstomarket.InAfricatherearenativeforestpeoplesometimesknownaspygmies.Thetallestofthesepeople,alsocalledtheMbuti,arenotmorethan5feetinheight.Theirsmallsizeenablesthemtomoveabouttheforestmorequicklythantallerpeople.
Tropicalrainforestshavesupportedhumanssinceancienttimes.Althoughforestlifecannotbedescribedaseasy,thesepeopleshavebuilttheirlivesaroundthesurroundingforestanditssystems.Still,theseforestpeoplecanteachusalotabouttherainforest.Theirknowledgeofmedicinalplantsusedfortreatingillnessisvaluable,andtheyhaveagreatunderstandingoftheecology(生态学)oftheAmazonrainforest.Asaresult,theyareagreatstorehouseoftheknowledgeabouttheforest.Theyknowthemedicinalfunctionsofplantsandunderstandthevalueoftheforestasanundamagedecosystem.Asforestsfall,thesenativepeopleslosetheirhomesandculture,resultinginthedropofthenativepopulation.
7.Wheredothegreatestnumberofnativerainforestpeopleslivetoday
A.InthePhilippines.B.InAfrica.
C.IntheAmazon.D.InPapuaNewGuinea.
8.WhatdoweknowaboutmostAmerindians
A.Theyknowlittleaboutgrowingsomecrops.
B.Theymaketripstotownsandcitiesfortrade.
C.Theywouldliketouseeasterngoodsindailylife.
D.Theyseldomknowtraditionalhuntingandgathering.
9.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph
A.Forestpeoplecangetbenefitsfromrainforests.
B.Wecanlearnhowtobuildstorehousesfromforestpeople.
C.Forestpeopleliveaneasyandcomfortablelifeasweimagine.
D.Theknowledgeofmedicinalplantsfortreatingillnesscanbeignored.
10.Whatisthepurposeofthistext
A.Tomakeanadvertisementfortropicalrainforests.
B.Tointroducethelifestylesofthenativeforestpeople.
C.Tospreadtheknowledgeandvalueoftheforestplants.
D.Toraisetheawarenessofprotectingtropicalrainforests.
Prairiedogs（草原犬鼠）arenativetotheprairiesoftheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico.Theyareactuallyatypeofsquirrelnamedfortheplacewheretheyliveandthewarningcalltheygivewhentheyarethreatened（威胁）,whichsoundssimilartoadog’sbark.Oneoftheamazingthingsaboutprairiedogsisthewaythattheylivein“towns.”Thesetownscancontainmanyhundredsofprairiedogfamilies.
Prairiedogsliketolivewithotherprairiedogs,sotheyjointogethertomakeprairiedogtowns.Thesearecollectionsofprairiedogfamiliesthatcancoveroneortwosquarekilometers.Prairiedogtownsarebigbecauseeachfamilylivesintheirowntunnel（地道）system,whichisusually10-30meterswide.Familiesareusuallymadeupof1male,2to4females,andtheirchildren.Whentheyoungprairiedogsreachthreeyearsofage,theyleavehometofoundtheirownfamiliesontheedges（边缘）ofthetown.
Prairiedogtunnelsusuallyhaveseveralchambers.Thesechambersarelikeroomsinahouse.Femaleprairiedogsusethemwhentheygivebirthandwhentheyraisetheirbabies.Theotherchambersareusedbythefamilyforsleeping.Tomakethemcomfortable,prairiedogsseparatethechambersbyliningthewallswithgrass.Thetunnelsarealsousedforprotectionwhenprairiedogsarethreatenedbyotheranimals.Forthisreasontheyaredesignedwithtwoormoreholesservingasdoors.
Prairiedogslikelivingintownsandtheyevenmakesocialvisitstoeachother.Whentwofriendlyprairiedogsmeet,theygreeteachotherwithakindofkiss.However,themaleprairiedogsdefendthebordersofthefamily’stunnelsystemagainstenemies.Prairiedogtownshaveconflicts,socialgatherings,andcooperationjustlikeahumantown,whichmakesthemveryinteresting.
8.Whatdoweknowaboutprairiedogs
A.Theyaregroupanimals.B.Theybarklikesquirrels.
C.Theyareanendangeredspecies.D.Theyarewilddogslivingongrasslands.
9.HowdoestheauthorexplainthefunctionofchambersinParagraph3
A.Bygivingthemeaningofchambers.B.Bydescribinghowchambersarebuilt.
C.Byclassifyingthecontentsofchambers.D.Bycomparingchamberstohumanhomes.
10.Whyaretunnelsdesignedwithmanyholes
A.Toletinfreshair.B.Tomakeitcomfortableforsleep.
C.Torunawayfromdangerousenemies.D.Toavoidbeingcrowdedinandout.
11.Thelastparagraphismainlyaboutprairiedogs’________.
A.sociallifeB.socialstructureC.huntinghabitsD.livingenvironment
KiwisareendangeredlittlebirdsnativetoNewZealand.It___41___(believe)thatthesesmallbirdsexistasaresultofNewZealand’sisolation(隔离）fromtheotherpartsoftheworld,forcinganimalsthere___42___(adapt)andevolve(进化)soastobeabletosurviveandreproduce.Theevolutioniswhathasledtothepresent___43___(appear)ofthekiwibird.
KiwisareanationalsymbolofNewZealand,withthenamekiwi___44___(be)associatedwithmanythingsinNewZealandincludingtheirfamousrugbynationalteam.
Kiwishaveexcellentmemoriesandcanremembersomethingthat___45___(happen)aslongasfiveyearsback.Eventhoughtheyhavefeathers,theirfeatherslookandfeel___46___(much)likehairratherthanfeathers.
Thisenablesthemtobeabletohideinabushandgo___47___(complete)unnoticedbytheirnaturalenemies.
Unlikemostbirds,thekiwibirdhasagreatsenseofsmell___48___enablesthemtosniffoutprey(猎物）hiddeninbushesandunderground.
Thesmallestkiwibirdhas___49___heightof45centimetersandwightof2kilogramswhilethelargestkiwicangrow___50___50centimeterstallandcanweigh3.5kilograms.
IhadmovedtoIsraelfrommynativeIndiatheyearbefore,___21___toexperienceanewcultureandundertakeaPh.D.However,myPh.D.advisercalledmetohisofficeandtoldmeIwas___22___fromthelabbecauseofsomemistakesduringtheresearch.Thefirstfewdaysaftermydismissal(解雇)wasespecially___23___.OnedayallIcoulddowassitonabeach,cryingasIlookedoutacrosstheMediterraneanSeaand___24___whatIshoulddo.Icouldnot___25___thenewstomyfamilyinIndia,asthefearof___26___themoverpoweredme.Isoonwentintoastateofdepressionand___27___
Aroundthattime,I___28___Dasvidaniya,aBollywoodmoviethat’saboutamanwhoistoldbyhisdoctorthathehas3monthsto___29___.Herespondedbyreframing(重构)his___30___onlifeandmakingthemostofhisremainingmonths.Eventhoughitisacommonsaying,one___31___fromthemoviestuckouttome：“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.”Whatkindof“lemonade”couldImakeoutofmycurrentsituation
Afterplentyof___32___,Itoldmyselfthatonefailed___33___wasnottheendoftheworld,andthatIneededtogiveitanothertry.Within2monthsofthatsignificant___34___inmyadviser’soffice,I___35___anofferfromaPh.D.programinItaly.I___36___itandresettledinEurope,happythatmygoalofcompletingaPh.D.was___37___onceagain.
I’mthankfulthatIdidn’t___38___mydreamandthatIfoundanotherprofessorwillingtotakemeon.So,ifyoufindyourselfina(n)___39___situationandlifegivesyoulemons,___40___yourself：“HowcanImakelemonade”
21.A.surprisedB.confusedC.excitedD.annoyed
22.A.chosenB.promotedC.rescuedD.fired
23.A.difficultB.quietC.importantD.full
24.A.waitedB.wonderedC.delayedD.practiced
25.A.breakB.recordC.coverD.test
26.A.distinguishingB.convincingC.disappointingD.defending
27.A.comprehensionB.sympathyC.prejudiceD.anxiety
28.A.adaptedB.watchedC.filmedD.rented
29.A.writeB.deliverC.danceD.live
30.A.sightB.positionC.viewD.excuse
31.A.lineB.formC.actionD.director
32.A.sacrificeB.operationsC.reflectionD.guarantees
33.A.discoveryB.exchangeC.guidanceD.attempt
34.A.explanationB.conversationC.identificationD.dictation
35.A.landedB.savedC.ignoredD.created
36.A.mentionedB.acceptedC.introducedD.raised
37.A.aloneB.aliveC.giftedD.closed
38.A.takeupB.bringupC.giveupD.makeup
39.A.similarB.absurdC.familiarD.delightful
40.A.begB.helpC.teachD.ask
Non-NativeSpecies
Theintroductionofnon-native“exotic”speciesisnowseenasamajorthreattobiopersity.In1825,aparticularlyvigorousfemalecloneofitadori(calledJapaneseknotweed)wasintroducedintoHollandandlater___11___throughoutEuropebytheplantcollectorandnurseryman(园丁),VonSey.Britishgardenersloveditandby1886itwasevenfoundgrowingoncindertipsinSouthWales.Bytheturnofthecentury,theplanthad___12___manyothersites,andgardenerswereadvisedagainstplantingitinshrubberies.By1994,itwasalmosteverywhere-railways,riversides,hedgerows,cemeteries-swampingawiderangeofhabitatsanddisplacing___13___species.Botanists’fearsthattheplantisstillspreadingandmayyetcolonizeothernewhabitatshavegeneratedrecentattemptstoeradicateitbymechanicalandchemicalmethods,all___14___asyet.
TheevidencestackedagainstJapaneseknotweedisdamning(足以定罪的).Butthereisadeep
___15___thatbehindthedesiretocorrecthumanecologicalcook-ups(策划)-oftenmanifestedasapassiontosaveendangeredspeciesandvulnerableecosystems-isathinlydisguisedxenophobia(仇外心理);thatwearesimplyseeingyetanotherformofecologicalimperialism(帝国主义)whichdefineswhatis“natural”basedonhuman___16___
Butwhateverourreactionto“problem”oralienspeciesis,itmust___17___moraldecisions.Andwhoshouldmakesuchdecisionsandtowhat___18___theyareaccountablemustalsobeupforreview.Theconclusionsofscientistsandothersectionsofsocietymaydiffer___19___aboutwhattodoabouttheintroducedanimalsandplants.____20____theschemetocontrolrabbitsinAustraliabydeliberatelyspreadingthediseasemyxomatosiswasasuccessinthathugenumbersofrabbitswerewipedoutforthegreatergood-the“health”ofAustralianecosystems.Butwouldinflicting(使遭受)sucha____21____slowpainfuldeathonsentient(有感知能力的)creatureswinpopularsupportifitwereproposedtoday
Scientistsof____22____arebytheirverynatureconcernedwiththeorganizationofspeciesintosystemsandnotnecessarilywiththeinterestsandwell-beingof____23____,particularlythosethatareseenasathreattothemaintenanceofthosesystems.Yetthereisagrowingfeelingforthedemocratizationofdecisionsconcerningnonhumanlife.The____24____towardsenvironmentalvaluesmustsurelyinvolveamovementawayfromimperialismandasearchforarelationshipwithnatureasittrulyis,ratherthanaswewoulddesignit.Then,whenour____25____has/havelongdisappeared,wemayyetcometohonorthehumbleitadori.
11.A.distributedB.seenC.foundD.appreciated
12.A.attachedB.attractedC.colonizedD.settled
13.A.rareB.abnormalC.normalD.extinct
14.A.inturnB.invainC.inneedD.inall
15.A.delightB.astonishmentC.dissatisfactionD.anxiety
16.A.protectionB.systemC.preferencesD.invasion
17.A.excludeB.involveC.objectD.eliminate
18.A.scopeB.intentionC.extentD.respect
19.A.similarlyB.intensivelyC.slightlyD.vastly
20.A.InfactB.InotherwordsC.ForinstanceD.Inconclusion
21.A.interestinglyB.instructivelyC.thrillinglyD.horrifically
22.A.biopersityB.naturalismC.botanyD.species
23.A.naturalistsB.regionsC.environmentsD.inpiduals
24.A.demonstrationB.paradeC.celebrationD.campaign
25.A.planetB.lawnsC.universeD.habitats
Nativewoodlandscanresistthespreadofinvasivespeciesbyblockingdaylightreachingtheforestfloor,researchershavesuggested.
Theteam,consistingofresearchersfromUSuniversities,decidedtofocusitsattentiononcommonbuckthorn(沙棘),whichisallinvasivespeciesinNorthAmerica.Itout-competesnativeplantsanddegradessoilsandforests,doingharmtohumansandotherwildlife.Inordertocreateenvironmentsthatresistinvasionbybuckthorn,andthusavoidthosecosts,itwasnecessarytounderstandwhichforestcharacteristicsofferedthegreatestinfluenceonthesuccessorfailureofbuckthornplantsbecomingestablished.
Intheirexperiment,theteamgrewbuckthornunderavarietyofdifferentlevelsofshadeandmeasuredthelightavailabletothebuckthorn.Theseincludedonemadeupfromdeciduousspecies,suchasbirch,anotherfromevergreenspecies,suchaspine,andanotherfromamixtureofbothspecies.
Dr.Schusterobserved:“Resultsshowedthatforeststhatareabletoblockout96%ofincominglightinthespringorautumncansuccessfullyresistbuckthorninvasion.”Headdedthat,ingeneral,evergreenspeciesweremuchmorecapableofcreatingthislevelofshadecomparedwithdeciduousspecies.
“Weanticipatedthatbuckthornwouldfailinareaswithextremelylowlightlevels,sincehavingsomelightisnecessaryformostplantstolive,”hesaid.Yettheteamweresurprisedbyhowmuchthebuckthorndependeduponlightavailabilityinspringorautumn.
Headdedthatifforestmanagerswereseekingtoimprovethelong-termresistanceoftheirforeststobuckthorninvasions,thenitmightbenecessarytointroducespeciesthathelpedreducetheamountoflightreachingtheforestfloor,suchasevergreens.
Butthisapproachwasnotrisk-free,warnedDr.Schuster.Headded:“Ifwechangeforeststogetridofbuckthorn,wemaypushoutsomedesirablenativespeciesatthesametime.So,thequestionbecomeswhetherwecanselectplantcommunitiesbothtohavethespecieswewantandtoproduceampleshadeinspringandautumntokeepbuckthornout.”
8.Thisexperimentwascarriedouttostudy________.
A.whysoilconditionsmattertoplantsB.howtohelpnativeplantsgrowbetterandfaster
C.theimpactinvasivespecieshaveonhumansD.thefactorsinfluencingthegrowthofbuckthorn
9Whatkindsoftreeswerechosenfortheexperiment
A.Treesprovidingdifferentamountsofshade.B.Treesgrowinganddecliningatdifferentrates.
C.Treesofdifferentheights.D.Treesofdifferentorigins.
10.WhatdoesDr.Schusterimplyinthelastparagraph
A.Wemustgetridofbuckthornwhateverthecost.
B.Keepingnativespeciesoughttobethetoppriority.
C.Weshouldbecarefulaboutselectingspeciesofplants.
DCommunitiesneedtoworktogethertofightthealienplants.
11.Youmaylikelyfindthisarticleina________.
A.psychologicalandbehaviouralpaperB.travelguide
C.natureandenvironmentjournalD.fashionmagazine
Whilemanypeopleseethemselvesasdigitalnatives,therearestillsomelessonstobetousaboutprint’splaceinanincreasinglydigitalworld.
A.reflectedB.inspiredC.conveyedD.indicated
Acopyofthearticlewastakentothenativespeakeremployedbythenewspaperto_______.
A.appreciateB.recoverC.arrangeD.polish
TheNativeAmericantribes(部落)arefamedfortheirimpressivetotempoles(图腾柱),eachofwhichiscarefullycarvedandpainted.Somemaytellataleaboutatribeorafamily.___16___Constructingtotempolesfallsontheshoulderofskilledworkmen.Theyspendhoursselectingtherighttree,cuttingitdownandcarvingit,andfinallypaintingitwiththepropercolor1sbeforebuildingitoutdoors.
___17___Thepeoplewhodesiretomakeonedecideonthedesigntheywant.Basedontheirdemands,theworkmanthenselectsthebesttree.Cedar(雪松)treesarethemostcommonlyusedtomaketotempoles.Theyaretallandhavelargediameters(直径),butfewerbranchesthanothertrees.____18____Thesecharacteristicscombinetomakecedartreesidealforcarvingintolarge,widetotempoles.Anadditionalbenefitisthattheyaresodurablethatsometotempolesarestillstandingmorethanacenturyafterbeingcarvedandraised.
Oncetheselectedtreehasbeencutdownandhaditsbranchesremoved,itmustbecarriedtotheworkman’sworkshop.____19____Theplanneddesignisthencarvedintothetreetrunk.
Atypicaltotempoleisdesignedinthreesections:thebottom,middle,andtop.Followingthecompletionofthedesignstage,theworkmancarvesthedesignsbystartingatthebottom.____20____Manytotempoleshaveunusualpartssuchasthewingsofbirdsattachedtotheirtops,soitisthefinalparttobedone.Afterthecarvingisfinished,thetotempoleispainted.Finally,thepersonwhorequireditraiseitduringaspecialceremony.
A.Andtheyhavesoftwood.
B.Everytotempolebeginswithaplan.
C.Thetopsectionoftenrequiresextralabor.
D.Theyservemanypurposesbeyondtheirbeauty.
E.Othersmaydescribethedeedsofapersonorpeople.
F.Totempolescanbegotfromthelargestonlineselectionate-Bay.com.
G.Theworkmanandhisassistantsthenremovethebarkandsmooththelargetrunk..
Chinaisthenativeplaceoftea.Originally(最初),tea___36___(use)asakindofmedicineinsteadofadrink.___37___(late),astheancientChineseexploredfurtherintothefeaturesoftea,theyseparatedit___38___herbsandmadeitintoakindofdrinkand___39___(gradual)itdevelopedintoChineseteaculture.
Recordsshowthatthecustomofteadrinking,___40___startedinthewesternHanDynasty,alreadybecame___41___fashionforpeoplewithhigh___42___(society)positionduringtheDynastyofWei.IntheTangDynastyitwascommon___43___(drink)tea.Andpeopletriedoutevenmore___44___(way)todrinktea.IntheSongDynasty,teaplantingandtradewereontheincreaseandthetechniqueof___45___(make)teawasgreatlyimproved.BytheYuanDynasty,drinkingteahadbecamesomethingverycommonineverydaylife.IntheMingandtheQingDynasties,peopledrankteainalmostthesamewayaswedotoday.
InafarawayareainnorthernMexico,therelivesanativeIndiangroupcalledtheTarahumaras(塔拉乌马拉族).Besidesowningsomecookingtoolsandfarmingequipment,theTarahumarasexistmuchastheydidbeforetheSpanisharrivedinthe1600s.Theyliveincavesorinsmallhousesmadeofstoneandwood,andtheyeatwhatlittletheycangrowonthedryland.
Tenyearsago,linguist(语言学家)JamesCopelandenteredtheworldoftheTarahumarastostudytheirlanguageandculture.Sincethen,hehasbeenvisitingtheTarahumarasthreeorfourtimesayear.Tarahumaraisnotawrittenlanguage,sopartofCopeland'sprojectwastolearntospeakTarahumarasothathecoulddealdirectlywiththepeople.“Therearenolanguagepolice,”Copelandsays.“Childrenareseldomcorrectedbytheirparents.Theylearnbyobservationofspeechinconversationsandbyimitation.”
Copelandlearnedthelanguagethroughhisfrequentexposuretoitandbyanalyzingthegrammar.HislinguisticskillsandmasteryofGerman,Spanish,French,andRussian,plusapartialknowledgeofsometwentyotherlanguages,alsohelped.Drawingonhisresearch,CopelandplanstoproduceaTarahumaragrammarbookinEnglishandperhapsoneinSpanish.
TheideatostudytheTarahumarascametoCopelandin1984whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HegotintouchwithaTarahumaraIndiancalledLornezoGonzalezthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththeTarahumarasinthebordertownofJuarez,Mexico.Atfirst,Gonzalezwasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,GonzalezagreedtohelpandtookCopelandtohisvillage.“Overaperiodofayearourrelationshipbecamecloserandwarmer,”saysCopeland.“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasstartedtrustingusandunderstoodwhatweweredoing.”
9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTarahumaras
A.Theyhaveastricteducationsystem.
B.Theyliveaverysimpleandhardlife.
C.TheyarrivedinMexicowiththeSpanish.
D.Theyaregoodatagricultureandarchitecture.
10.AccordingtoCopeland,learningTarahumara_____.
A.isnoeasytaskB.isawasteoftime
C.isveryinterestingD.isusefulforlearningSpanish
11.BeforeCopelandlearnedTarahumara,hehad_____.
A.fullyresearchedthislanguage
B.readaTarahumaragrammarbook
C.visitedtheTarahumarasthreetimes
D.askedaTarahumaraIndianforhelp
12.Theunderlinedword“reluctant”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_____.
A.readyB.anxious
C.pleasedD.unwilling
EversinceIwasaboyIhavelovedandcollectedNativeAmericanstories.Theirwisdomandloveofnaturehavealways___21___me.TheonethatIkeepinmind,though,isthestoryofthetwo___22___.
Onenightawiseeldermansathis___23___aroundacampfireandtoldhimaboutthe___24___thatgoesoninsideofallpeople.Hesaid,“Mychild,thebattleis___25___two‘wolves’thatliveinsideusall.Oneisfear,anger,hatred,self-pity,andunhappiness.___26___islove,laughter,joy,hope,peace,kindness,andhappiness.”Thegrandson___27___thisforalongtimeandthenaskedhisgrandfatherwhichwolfwouldwin.Theelder___28___said,“Theoneyoureally___29___.”
Ithinkthatmostoftheproblemsworldwide_____30_____fromthefactthatfartoomanyofusoftenfeedthe_____31_____wolf.Weletourfears_____32_____us.Wereactwithanger.Wehatethosewhoare_____33_____fromus.Weallowourjealousyandjudgmentto_____34_____ourlives.Wedosomanythingstocreateunhappinessinourheartswhenallwereallywantistobe_____35_____.
Wedon’thavetofeedthewrongwolf,_____36_____.Wecanchooseloveandjoy.Wecansmileandsing.Wecan_____37_____ourthoughtswithhappinessandkindness.Wecan_____38_____themwitheveryone,everywhere.
WhichwolfareyougoingtofeedtodayWhichlifeareyougoingto_____39_____Fearandlovearethetwogreatest_____40_____inthisworld.Yet,onlyonecanbringyoujoyandbringyoubacktoGod.
21.A.depressedB.frightenedC.disappointedD.impressed
22.A.wolvesB.heartsC.peopleD.emotions
23.A.sonB.friendC.grandsonD.brother
24.A.battleB.struggleC.spiritD.story
25.A.withinB.amongC.forD.between
26.A.TheothersB.TheotherC.OtherD.Another
27.A.agreedonB.calledonC.reflectedonD.checkedon
28.A.sadlyB.angrilyC.possiblyD.simply
29.A.feedB.challengeC.believeD.defeat
30.A.benefitB.comeC.takeD.suffer
31.A.fierceB.realC.gentleD.wrong
32.A.holdB.helpC.leadD.frighten
33.A.differentB.farC.freeD.absent
34.A.continueB.ruleC.beginD.cheer
35.A.calmB.safeC.happyD.busy
36.A.whateverB.howeverC.stillD.thus
37.A.improveB.shapeC.changeD.fill
38.A.shareB.supportC.supplyD.spend
39.A.describeB.stayC.liveD.survive
40.A.figuresB.forcesC.problemsD.chances
Threeyearsago,BrianPalmer,a43-year-oldnativeofBeaumont,California,wasahomelessmanstruggling___56___(overcome)alcoholaddiction.Allheownedwasabag___57___(contain)someclothes,ablanket,andapillow.He___58___(seek)assistanceatarecoverycenter,theverylargetentcityindowntownLA.Oneactivitythathelpedhimthroughthosedayswassinging.In2015,heencounteredtheUrbanVoicesProject,achoir___59___(make)upofthelocalpeople.Thisledhim___60___StreetSymphony,agroupofprofessionalmusiciansmostlyfromtheLAPhilharmonic(交响乐团),___61___workswithhomeless,mentallyillanddisabledpopulations.InFebruary,Palmerbegantakingvoice___62___(lesson)fromScottGraff,amemberoftheStreetSymphony.Scottsaid,“IgavePalmersometipsonvocaltechnique,___63___hetaughtmelifelessons.Igotthe___64___(good)endofthedeal.”
“Thatwas___65___(real)empowering,”Palmertoldtheaudienceafterward.Palmerexplainedwhathadbeengoingthroughhismindashesang.“Anactoflove,”hesaid,lookingoutatfamiliarfacesinfrontofhim.“Oneactoflove,Iknowforsure,islistening.”
Readingclassicliterature61(write)bynativespeakerscanimproveyourEnglishlanguageskillsinseveralways．62，thiswillnothappenbymagic：onlyifyoureadthebook63(careful)andthinkaboutwhatyouarereading．First，ifyouconcentratehard，youwillnotonly64(1arge)yourvocabulary，butalsobegintoappreciateslightdifferencesinmeaningbetweenwords．Second，65youexaminethelanguageattentively，youcanlearntoappreciatedifferentEnglishwriting66(style)．ThelightandironicstyleofJaneAustenisquitedifferentfrom67seriousandintensestyleofCharlotteBrontethoughbothofthemaregreatwritersofEnglish．
Sometimesitisnecessarytoreadabookmorethanonceinordertoabsorb68(it)fullbenefit．Readitonce69(understand)thestory，onceagaintoappreciatethewaythecharactersaredescribedandthestorydevelopsandfinallytobecomereallyfamiliar70thenewvocabularyandexpressions．Aboveallenjoythestories．Happyreading!
D
Australiancitiescankeeptheirnativewildlife—butonlyiftheycankicktheirhabitofurbansprawl(无计划的扩展).That’sthefindingofanewstudybyleadingAustralianenvironmentalresearchersJessicaSushinsky,ProfessorHughPossinghamandDrRichardFullerofTheUniversityofQueensland.
“Whileurbandevelopmentusuallyreducesthenumberofbirdsinacity,buildingmorecompact(紧凑的)citiesandavoidingurbansprawlcanslowthesereductionsgreatly,”saysleadauthorJessicaSushinsky.“Compacthousingdevelopmentleavesbirds’homesuntouched,leadingtofewerlossesofbirds.”
TheresearcherssurveyednativeandwildbirdsinBrisbane’surbanareas,includinglivingandindustrialareas,publicparksandgardens,majorroadwaysandairports.Theythenusedstatisticalmodelingtofindoutwhatwillhappentothebirdsasthecitygrows.Thefirstsettingwascompactgrowth—wheremultiplehomesarebuiltonlandthatpreviouslyhadonlyonehouse.Thesecondsettingwassprawlinggrowth—afamiliarpatternwherehomesarebuilthereandtherebeyondthecity’scurrentboundaries.
Theteam’sforecastsshowedthatamuchgreaterpersityofspecieswaslostover20yearsinthesprawlingsettingcomparedtothemorecompactsetting.“Urbansprawlresultedinthedisappearanceofmanyurban-sensitivebirds—birdsthatonlyliveinareaswherethereisnativevegetation(植被),suchasparklandsandwoodlands,”MsSushinskysays.
“Ontheotherhand,wefoundthecitywiththecompactdevelopmentattractedmorebirdsbecauseitkeptmoreofitsparksandgreenareas.”
NowtheQueenslandGovernmenthasadoptedthemorecompacturbangrowthstrategy,which,DrRichardFullersays,isgoodnewsforAustralia’snativebirds.Thesebirdsareenvironmentalspecialists—theyneedaparticularenvironmenttodowell.“Whilecompactdevelopmentmeanssmallerbackyards,itcanalsomakeourentirecitiesmorebioperse,”accordingtoDrFuller.“Thestudyshowsthatweshouldholdontoourgreenspacesinsteadofclearingthemforsprawlingdevelopment.”
Thisisthefirsttimesciencehasmodeledtheeffectsofdifferenturbangrowthstrategiesonbirds,theresearcherssay.“Statisticalmodelsliketheseareimportantbecausetheyhelpustounderstandtheecologicalconsequencesofaparticulardecision,”saysDrFuller.
41.Thestudydealswiththerelationshipbetween______.
A.citydevelopmentandbirdsB.theenvironmentandbirds
C.humansandwildlifeD.climateandwildlife
42.Whyiscompacturbangrowthbetterthanthesprawlingstrategy
A.Itmakesthecitiesmorebeautiful.B.Itgivespeoplelargerbackyards.
C.Itismoney-saving.D.Itisbird-friendly.
43.DrRichardFullerthinkstheQueenslandGovernment’saction______.
A.isreallybraveB.isworthpraising
C.hasanuncertainfutureD.shouldbeperformednationwide
44.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromthepassage
A.Itisbasedonthestatisticsinthepast.
B.Itisstronglyagainsturbandevelopment.
C.ItcriticizesthecityenvironmentinBrisbane.
D.Itsuggestsleavingmoregreenspacesforbirds.
45.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom
A.Anewsreport.B.Atravelguide.C.Ahealthmagazine.D.Ahistorybook.
IamanativeofBangladesh-acountryinSoutheastAsia，nexttoIndia．IcametoWinonaStateUniversity(USA)inthefallof1986andtransferredtoSt．Cloudin1989．DuringmyfirstsemesterinWinona，IhadaroommatenamedMike．ThedayafterIarrived，heaskedmeifIwantedapop.Backhomewerefertocarbonateddrinksascolddrinks.So,whenheaskedmetohaveapop，Ithoughthewasreferringtopopcorn.Isaid，verypolitely，“No，thankyou．Iamnothungry.”Hehadapuzzledlookonhisface,onethatIdidnotfigureoutforatleastaweekorsountilsomebodypointedouttomethatpopmeantsodaandhadnothingtodowithcorn.
Speakingofpop，myveryfirstnightatWinonaStateUniversity，BangladeshistudentstookmetoarestaurantnamedPapaJohn’s.IorderedmymealandfinallyaskedforaPepsi．Thewaitresshandedmeanaluminumcan.Now，backhomewehaveonlybottledpopdrinks，andtheonlytimeIwasexposedtoacanwasonanairplane.However，thosecanswereabitdifferentbecauseonecouldopenitbypullingonthetab，whichcameoff．ImaginemyembarrassmentasItriedtousethesametechniqueattherestaurant．Obviously，thetabwouldnotcomeoffwhenIstruggledwiththecan，andIspilledthepopalloverthetable.MyfellowBangladeshistudentsandafewothersatthenearbytablesgotagoodlaughoutofthis．Finally，oneofthemshowedmehowtousethatdevice．
Bangladeshicuisine(烹饪风格)isdefinitelyspicierandusuallyhotterthanMidwesternfood．IconveyedthistomyAmericanfriendswheneverwetalkedaboutcuisine．Well，lastfall，IwasdowninOrono，Minnesota，atmyfriendSteveHaack’shouse．HehadtoldhismotherallthesehorrorstoriesabouthowIloved“hot”food．So，whenitwastimeforSundaybrunch，IfoundouthowSteve’smotherhaddecidedtowhet(刺激)myappetite．Shebakedsomespicyenchiladas(辣酱玉米饼)，andshehadusedonefull16-ouncecanofjalapenopeppers.Talkingabouthot--thisthingwasaburning．AsIwasswallowingplatefulsofitinfrontofthem，theHaackfamilywerebusypouringmilk，juice，orcoldwaterdowntheirthroatstocoolofftheburning，Steve’sdadsaid，“Afterthis，Iamgoingtoneedabigcorktoplugtheholeinmystomach．”Sosaying，hewentforasecondhelping．
WedonothaveanysnowinBangladesh，somyfirstencounterwithsnowwasduringtheendoftheyearin1986inWinona．Icameoutofmydormonemorning，anditwassnowing!Itseemedlikeashoweroflittlewhitefeathers．Itriedtocatchthem，buttheywouldmeltawayalmostinstantly—solight,sosoft，andsowhite.Iwalkedaroundthecampusanditwashardlycold.Everythingseemedquieterandsofter.IfIshouldevergotoheavenandhaveachancetohaveawindowwithaview,thiswouldprobablybeoneofthescenesIwouldliketosee．
Forthepastfiveyears，Minnesotahasbeenmyhomeawayfromhome．DuringthistimeIhavehadmyshareoflaughsandtears，achievementsanddisappointments.Butlookingbackonalltheseyears，IcansaytodaythatifIhadtodoitalloveragain，Iwouldn’tchangeathing．
41．WhenMikeaskedtheauthorifhewantedapop，Mikemeantto.
A．offersomedrinkstotheauthorB．offersomepopcorntotheauthor
C．introducepopmusictotheauthorD．makefunoftheauthor’sEnglish
42．WecanknowfromParagraph2thattheauthor．
A．neverdrankPepsibefore
B．wasn’tgoodatopeningaPepsican
C．enjoyedhimselfinPapaJohn’s
D．preferredcannedpopdrinksinBangladesh
43．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A．theauthordidnotlikehotfoodatall
B．theauthorneverateoutsidewithothers
C．theauthorenjoyedthequietofsnowfall
D．theauthorfoundithardtoliveinMinnesota
44．Accordingtothepassage，theauthor’slifeinMinnesotashouldbe．
A．boringB．difficultC．bitter-sweetD．cheerful
45．Thepassagemainlytalksabout．
A．theaumor’sexperiencesinAmericaB．thefirstsnowinBangladesh
C．somefunnystoriesaboutdrinksD．Bangladeshicuisine
Thisbookisforthestudents___nativelanguageisnotEnglish.
A.thatB.whomC.whoseD.which
Thiskindofbookisforchildren________nativelanguageisChinese.
A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom
BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,manyNativeAmericantribeslivedinBrazil.In1500PedroAlvaresCabralsailedfromLisbonandarrivedatPortoSeguro,inBahia.Brazilgotitsnamefromakindofreddishtree,nativetothisland,whichwassoldinEurope.SalvadordaBahiawasfoundedin1549andbecamethecapitalcityofthenewPortuguesecolony.PortuguesesettlersstartedtoproducesugarandthenortheastofBrazilbecameawealthycorneroftheworld.Duringthattime,Portugalbroughtmillionsofblackslavestoworkinitssugarrefineries(制糖厂).
Inthe18thcentury,manyPortuguesestartedtoexploretheremoteareasthatwerefarawayfromthecoastalcities.GoldwasdiscoveredinMinasGeraisandVilaRicabecameoneoftherichestcitiesintheworld.In1763thePortuguesedecidedtomoveBrazil’scapitalcityfromSalvadortoRiodeJaneiro.
Inthe19thcentury,whenNapoleoninvaded(入侵)Portugal,theroyalfamilymovedtoBrazilandRiobecamethecapitalcityofthePortugueseEmpire.WhenthekingreturnedtoPortugal,Braziliansdidn’twanttheirlandtobeacolonyanymoreanddeclaredtheirindependencein1822.Duringthatperiodoftime,lotsofEuropeanimmigrantswerecrossingtheoceantofindjobsinthecoffeemarkets.In1889BrazilbecameaRepublic.
In1960BraziliansmovedthenationalgovernmentfromRiodeJaneirotoBrasilia,amodernplannedcitythatwasbuilttobecapitalofBrazil.
NowadaysBrazilisthemostpowerfulcountryinSouthAmericaandoneofthemostimportantnationsintheworld.Inspiteofitsgrowingeconomy,povertyandmanycrimesappearwhicharenothingbutfarfrombeingsolvedintheshortterm.
68.Accordingtothepassage,thename“brazil”isassociatedwith______.
A.Portuguesesettlers
B.NativeAmericantribes
C.akindoftreenativetoEurope
D.akindoftreeinSouthAmerica
69.ThenortheastofBraziloncebecamerichbecauseof_______.
A.tradewithcoastalcities
B.blackslave’shardwork
C.golddiscoveredinMinasGerais
D.themoveofthecountry’scapital
70.Inthe19thcentury,manyBrazilianfamiliesobtainedwealthfrom_______.
A.coffeeB.sugar
C.goldD.wood
Kidsdon'tlearntheirnativelanguage，buttheybecomefluentinthemwithinafewyears.
A.consciouslyB.effectivelyC.carefullyD.naturally
MoYanisthefirstnativeChinesewritertowin_______2012NobelPrizeinLiteraturein_______modernChinesehistory
A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the；不填
ManyNativeAmericansdiedfromthediseases_____bytheEuropeans.
A.bringingB.tobringC.havingbroughtD.brought
Jack____alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.
A.madeupB.pickedupC.turnedupD.tookup
IhavesaidenoughtoyouaboutthefactthatnotwonativespeakersofEnglishspeakitalike,butperhapsyouarecleverenoughtoaskmewhetherImyselfspeakitinthesameway.
Imust36atoncethatIdonot.Nobodydoes.Iamatpresentspeakingtoanaudienceofmanythousandsofgramophonists（学话者）,manyof37aretryinghardtofollowmywords,syllablebysyllable.IfIweretospeaktoyouascarelesslyasIspeaktomywifeathome,thisrecordwouldbe38;andifIweretospeaktomywifeathomeascarefullyasIamspeakingtoyou,shewouldthinkthatIwasgoingmad.
AsapublicspeakerIhavetotakecarethateverywordIsayisheardclearlyatthefar39oflargehallscontainingthousandsofpeople.“Butathome,whenIhavetoconsideronlymywifesitting40sixfeetofmeatbreakfast,Itakesolittlepainswithmyspeechthatveryoften,41givingmetheexpectedanswer,shesays,“Don’tmumble,anddon’tturnyouheadawaywhenyouspeak.Ican’thearawordyouaresaying.”Andshealsoisalittlecareless.SometimesIhavetosay“what”twoorthreetimesduringourmeal.Andshe42meofgrowingdeaferanddeafer,thoughshedoesnotsayso,because,asIamnowoverseventy,itmightbetrue.
Weallhavecompanymanners.Ifyouwereto43astrangefamilyandtolistenthroughthekeyholebeforegoingin---notthatIwouldsuggestforamomentthatyouarecapableofdoingsuchaveryunladylikeorungentlemanlikething;butstill,if,inyourenthusiasmforstudyinglanguagesyoucouldbringyourselftodoitjustforafewsecondstohearhowafamilyspeaktooneanotherwhenthereis44listeningtothem,andthenwalkintotheroomandhearhowvery45theyspeakinyourpresence,thechangewouldsurpriseyou.Evenwhenourhomemannersareasgoodasourcompanymanners---andofcoursetheyoughttobebetter---theyarealwaysdifferent;andthedifferenceisgreaterinspeechthaninanythingelse.
36.A.acceptB.admitC.refuseD.deny
37.A.themB.whomC.whoD.us
38A.usefulB.uselessC.importantD.helpful
39.A.endB.sideC.distanceD.length
40.A.byB.atC.fromD.within
41.A.otherthanB.insteadofC.apartfromD.exceptfor
42.A.excusesB.thinksC.suspectsD.accuses
43.A.callatB.dropbyC.callonD.dropin
44.A.someoneelseB.nobodyC.nobodyelseD.someone
45.A.strangelyB.politelyC.calmlyD.differently
HANJiangxue,a33-year-oldBeijingnative,madehisownepisode(系列中的一部分)ofCCTV10'sLectureRoom(BaijiaJiangtan)aftertheprogramrejectedhimthreetimes."TheysaidIdidn'tmeettheshow'scriteria(标准)becauseIdidn'thaveanassociateprofessortitle,"saidHan.
Han,aninternationalmajorwhograduatedfromtheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicsin1998,hasbeenstudyingandwritinghistoryforyears.Withonly30,000yuan,Hanrecordeda6-hour-longvideoofhimselflecturingontheSongDynasty.
HanshotthevideointheLectureRoomformat,usingasimplesetting,anoff-screenvoiceandphotoillustrations(说明).ThevideosoonbecameahitafterHanposteditonlineinSeptember.Itwascalledthe"copycat"versionofLectureRoom.
"Iwantedtofindachanneltomakemyvoiceheard,"Hansaid."Sincethereweretoofewchancestodothisinthetraditionalway,Itriedtofigureoutawildway,anditworked."
Hantakesthewordcopycatasacompliment,ratherthanascriticism."Thewordrepresentsagrassrootsmovement,"hesaid."Itmeansordinarypeopleenjoyingthesamerightsand…doingsomethingthatcouldonlybedonebytheprofessionalsbefore."
Hanthinkshisvideoisinnovative(创新的),eventhoughitcopiestheformatoftheLectureRoomshow.Hepointsoutthathewrotethelecturehimself.
"Ifyoujustcopy,noonewillbeinterested;youneedtobecreative,"Hansaid.Hewantstogiveanotherlecture,onEuropeanhistory,whichhasneverbeendealtwithonLectureRoom."Nexttime,Iwanttouseadifferentformat."
71.CCTVrejectedHanbecause________.
A.hewasaninternationalmajorB.hewasnotanassociateprofessor
C.hestudiedhistoryforonlyafewyearsD.hisvideowastoosimple.
72.Hanbecamesuccessfulonlinebecause________.
A.hecopiedtheformatoftheLectureRoomshow
B.hespent30.000yuanonhisvideo
C.hewrotethelecturehimselfandhisvideowasinnovative
D.hegraduatedfromtheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics
73.Theaveragecostofone-hour-longvideoofMr.Hanis________.
A.500yuanB.30,000yuan
C.about5000yuanD.about30,000yuan
74.WhydidHanJiangxueposthisvideoonline
A.BecausehewantedtoshowitofftoCCTV.
B.Becausehewantedtomakehisvoiceheard.
C.Becausehehadnootherwaytodoit.
D.BecausehethoughttheInternetispopular.
75.WhatdidHanJiangxuethinkofpeople'scommentabouthisvideo
A.Hethoughttheylovedhisvideo.B.Hethoughtitwasacriticism.
C.Hedidn'ttakeitseriously.D.Hethoughtitasanencouragement.
HANJiangxue,a33-year-oldBeijingnative,madehisownepisode（系列中的一部分）ofCCTV10'sLectureRoom（BaijiaJiangtan）aftertheprogramrejectedhimthreetimes．"TheysaidIdidn'tmeettheshow'scriteria（标准）becauseIdidn'thaveanassociateprofessortitle,"saidHan．
Han,aninternationalmajorwhograduatedfromtheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicsin1998,hasbeenstudyingandwritinghistoryforyears．Withonly30,000yuan,Hanrecordeda6-hour-longvideoofhimselflecturingontheSongDynasty．
HanshotthevideointheLectureRoomformat,usingasimplesetting,anoff-screenvoiceandphotoillustrations（说明）．ThevideosoonbecameahitafterHanposteditonlineinSeptember．Itwascalledthe"copycat"versionofLectureRoom．
"Iwantedtofindachanneltomakemyvoiceheard,"Hansaid．"Sincethereweretoofewchancestodothisinthetraditionalway,Itriedtofigureoutawildway,anditworked．"
Hantakesthewordcopycatasacompliment,（夸奖的话）ratherthanascriticism．"Thewordrepresentsagrassrootsmovement,"hesaid．"Itmeansordinarypeopleenjoyingthesamerightsand…doingsomethingthatcouldonlybedonebytheprofessionalsbefore．"
Hanthinkshisvideoisinnovative（创新的）,eventhoughitcopiestheformatoftheLectureRoomshow．Hepointsoutthathewrotethelecturehimself．
"Ifyoujustcopy,noonewillbeinterested;youneedtobecreative,"Hansaid．Hewantstogiveanotherlecture,onEuropeanhistory,whichhasneverbeendealtwithonLectureRoom．"Nexttime,Iwanttouseadifferentformat．"
68．CCTVrejectedHanbecause________．
A．hewasaninternationalmajorB．hewasnotanassociateprofessor
C．hestudiedhistoryforonlyafewyearsD．hisvideowastoosimple．
69．Hanbecamesuccessfulonlinebecause________．
A．hecopiedtheformatoftheLectureRoomshow
B．hespent30．000yuanonhisvideo
C．hewrotethelecturehimselfandhisvideowasinnovative
D．hegraduatedfromtheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics
70．Theaveragecostofone-hour-longvideoofMr．Hanis________．
A．500yuanB．30,000yuan
C．about5000yuanD．about30,000yuan
3.Bymakingfriendswiththenativespeakers,onecan_________alotoftheirlanguage.
A.takeupB.setupC.pickupD.putup
语音题
1.faceA.nativeB.grassC.demandD.fast
2.quietA.quiteB.friendC.societyD.believe
3.towardA.northB.expertC.worldD.girl
4.realizeA.realB.readyC.breakfastD.great
5.signA.villageB.bridgeC.climbD.green
WhentheNativeAmericans(抵抗),theywerekilled.
Kathy____alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.
Despitethefactthathemetsomenativespeakersfacetofaceforthefirsttime,he____________(设法使自己听懂)inhisbrokenEnglish.(manage,make)
Mary______alotofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.
Kathy_______abitofSpanishbyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.
Johnisa_____speakerofEnglish.
A.nativeB.nationalC.natureD.natural
NativeAmerica______aboutsevenpercentoftheCaliforniapopulation.
A.fillupB.bringupC.makeupD.setup
NativetoAmerica,thecanetoad(癞蛤蟆)wasintroducedtonorthernQueensland70yearsagotocontrolsugarcanebeetles(甘蔗害虫).ThetoadsfailedinthatdutybutspreadacrossQueenslandandintoneighboringnorthernarea.
Nowitcalmlyinvades(侵略)thestatesofWesternAustraliaandNewSouthWales(NSW).NSWwildlifeexpertsfeartheamphibians--whichhavepoisonousbacksthatkillhungrypredators,(食肉动物)--willhaveaterribleeffectonnativeanimals.
Thosefearsmaybeabouttoberealized.Australia’sleadinggovernmentresearchbody,theCommonwealthScienceandIndustryResearchorganization(CSIRO),forecastsariseinaveragetemperaturesthatwillmakeNSWideallivingplaceforthecanetoad.
TonyRobinson,headofCSIRO’sWildlife，Pests，andDiseasesProgram,saidclimatechangeisincreasingtheamountofsuitablelivingplaceforthetoad.
“Withclimatechange,thecanetoadsmightgodownasfarasSydneyandsomeareasofWesternAustralia,”Robinsonsaid.
Recentestimatesputthepaceofthetoad’swestwardmarchatnearly17miles(27kilometers)ayearandslightlyslowerfromnorthtosouth.
Moresoutherlycities,suchasMelbourneandAdelaide,wouldlikelyremaintoocoldanddrytoeversuitthetoads,Robinsonnoted,butPerthcouldexpectcanetoadsinfiveyears’time.
Sydneycouldseetheirarrivalinthenext20years.
Robinsonsaidthereisno0nemethodthatwillkeepthetoadsundercontrol.
ThecanetoadsalreadycoveratleasthalfofQueenslandandmostofthenortherncountrythetoadsarebelievedtonumberinthebillions.
AVenezuelanviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobegivenupafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies.
Scientistsandgovernmentalbodiesbelieveanationalapproachisneeded.
Themainthreatthetoadscausetospeciessuchasdingos,quolls,goannas,andcrocodilesisthepoisoncontainedinglands(腺)oneachofthefrogs'shoulders.Thepoisonspraysoutwhenthetoadsarethreatenedorhandledroughly.
Thepoisonismadeupof14differentchemicals.Togethertheycauserapidheartbeats,excessivesalivation,convulsions,andparalysis.
Canetoadsalsocompete,andusuallywin,thehuntforfoodandlivingspace.
“Ifthegovernmentandotherstatescombineresources,Ibelievewecanachieveaverypracticalbiological-controlresearchprogram,”Burnssaid.
72．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage？
A．PoisonToadsLeapAcrossAustralia
B．StrategiesToKeeptheToadsUnderControl
C．TheMainThreattheCaneToadsCause
D．ClimateFavourstheSpreadofCaneToads.
73．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecanetoads？
A．Thecanetoadsarestrongenoughtokilldingos,quollsorevencrocodiles.
B．With14differentkindsofpoisonsinitsbody,acanetoadalwayswinsthehuntforfood.
C．ThecanetoadwasbroughttoAustraliatokillpestsfromAmerica70yearsago.
D．Thetoadsmovewestwardandnorthwardbecausethereisplentyoffoodthere.
74．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A．Thecanetoadbitesitsenemydeadwhenitisthreatenedorhandledrudely.
B．Thecanetoadhasalreadythreatenedthesurvivalofthenativespecies.
C．Scientistsandgovernmentalbodieshaveachievedasuccessfulbiological-control
program.
D．Thecanetoadlikeswarmandwetweather.
75．Theunderlinedwords“theamphibians”inthethirdparagraphmean.
A．hungrypredatorsB．sugarcanebeetles
C．thecanetoadsD．dingos
Theycontinuedhandingoutthefoodtothenativesuntiltherewas____left.
A.nothingB.noneC.nooneD.noany
______hewillreturntohisnativeland.
A.Itislongbeforethat
B.Itisbeforelongthat
C.Itwon’tbelongbefore
D.Itwillbelongbeforethat
A、托运人名字上增加的全国（national）一词，而出现这一问题的恰好是商业发票，这必须视为不符点，因为从这一点上说商业发票没有按照信用证条款和条件签发
B、因为信用证的受益人可以不是托运人（例如，托运人可以是一家运输行）。由于本案例没有提到任何有关受益人和发票的签发人的情况，因此很难判断是否构成不符
C、托运人名字上增加的全国（national）一词，并没有构成实质不符，不应该被拒付
D、按照UCP500不构成拒付，而按照UCP600则构成拒付
A、AdabasD,B、dBase,C、filePro,D、mSQL,E、MySQL
考点：PHP访问MySQL数据库
WhoplayprofessionalfootballintheUnitedStates？A．Native-bornAmericancitizens.B．Europeans.C．SouthAmericans.D．BothBandC.
[单选]你是一个企业管理员,管理的windows2000树包含5个域。所有域都是nativemode,每个域都有一个和多个用户来帮助客户端的员工。每个域都有一个全局组叫HELPDESKMEMBERS包含所有该域中的客户端员工。在根域下有一个名叫interns的OU,如何做（）A．在根域下创建一个全局安全组叫HELPDESKSTAFF,在HELPDESKSTAFF中加入5个helpdeskmembers组,在RESETINTERNSGROUP组中加入HELPDESKSTAFF组,赋予重设密码的权限给HELPDESKSTAFF组B．在根域下创建一个全局安全组叫HELPDESKSTAFF,在HELPDESKSTAFF中加入5个helpdeskstaff组,在根域下创建本地安全组ResetInterns,把所有InternsOU中的成员都加入ResetInterns组。在InternsOU中,赋予重设密码权限C．在根域下创建一个新的通用组叫HelpDeskStaff,在HelpStaff组中加入5个HelpDeskMembers组,创建一个本地安全组ResetInterns在根域,在ResetInterns中加入HelpDeskStaff组D．在根域下创建一个新的通用组HelpDeskStaff,在HelpStaff组中加入5个HelpDeskMembers组.在根域下创建一个本地安全组叫ResetInterns,把所有InternsOU中的成员都加入ResetInterns组,在ResetInterns组,赋予修改密码权限
whoopingcranesarenativeto__________.a.maxico.b.southamerica.c.northamerica.d.thepersiangulf.
achildlearninghisnativelanguagehastheadvantageofhavingprivatelessonsalltheyearround.a.rightb.wrongc.notmentioned
请根据短文的内容，回答下列题。whyisthenativelanguagelearntsowell
a.nativeb.activec.nationald.narrow
a.beingsurroundedbynativespeakers．b.beingtoleratedwhenmakingmistakes．c.makingalotofmistakesatthebeginning.d.learningthesoundbeforeknowingthemeaning．
thenativegroupsaretryingveryhardtobalancebetweentheancientworldandthemodernworld.
artdavidsonsinitialinterestinnativepeoplewasarousedbyanancientstonearrowheadhefoundinhischildhood,whichwasonceusedbyanamericanindianhunter.
vafiousnativehawaiiansdemandallthefollowingexcept__________a.agreaterautonomywithinthestateb.morebackrentonthecrownlandc.aclaimonthehawaiiancrownlandd.fullindependencefromtheus
java中定义常量的保留字是（）。a．constb．finalc．finallyd．native
java中定义常量的保留字是()。a．constb．finalc．finallyd．native
a.nativeb.activec.nationald.narrow
69a)smallb)nativec)famousd)local
java中定义常量的保留字是a.constb.finalc.finallyd.native
java中定义常量的保留字是()。a．constb．finalc．finallyd．native
ashiftfromnativebronzetoironartifactstookplaceundertheinfluenceofculturalborrowings.a.transitionb.transmissionc.transactiond.transference
[a]neighbour[b]stranger[c]native[d]relative
（）thisbookisforstudents______nativelanguageisnotenglish.a.ofwhomb.thatc.whichd.whose
todeterminetheentrypathwayforanon-nativespeciesisleastlikelytodependon______.a．whetherthespeciesisconsideredtobeapestb．whetherthespeciesentersbyaclosely-checkedroutec．therateatwhichthespeciesextendsgeographicallyd．themagnitudeoftheaveragenumberofthespecies
[a]born[b]native[c]grown[d]planted
thelandcrabaforest-floorscavengernativetotropicalamerica，migratestothewatertobreed.adiebswimcmatedhatch
achildlearninghisnativelanguagehastheadvantageofhavingprivatelessonsalltheyearround.a．rightb．wrongc．notmentioned
variousnativehawaiiansdemanda11thefo11owingexcept_________．amorebackrentonthecrown1andbfu11independencefromtheuscagreaterautonomywithinthestatedac1aimonthehawaiiancrown1and
nativeamericanartworkandartifactshavebeenenthusiasticallycollectedandstudiedabroadforanumberofyears.aeagerlybperiodicallycthoroughlydsystematically
whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration