合同解除,英文表达为rescission/rescindmentofacontract,是指合同当事人一方或者双方依照法律规定或者当事人的约定,依法解除合同效力的行为。
合同终止,英文表达为terminationofacontract,是指因发生法律规定或当事人约定的情况,使合同当事人之间的权利义务关系消灭,使合同的法律效力终止。
合同解除和终止的法律效力有所不同:
合同终止仅使合同关系发生将来消灭的效力,不具有溯及既往的效力,因此不能产生恢复原状的法律后果;
合同解除使合同关系发生既往消灭的效力,具有溯及既往的效力,因而对已履行的合同将产生恢复原状的后果。
《合同法》第九十一条
有下列情形之一的,合同的权利义务终止:
Therightsandobligationsunderacontractshallbeterminatedunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:
(一)债务已经按照约定履行;
theobligationshavebeenperformedasagreedupon;
(二)合同解除;
thecontracthasbeenrescinded;
(三)债务相互抵销;
theobligationshavebeenoffsetagainsteachother;
(四)债务人依法将标的物提存;
theobligorhasescrowedthesubjectmatteraccordancewiththelaw;
(五)债权人免除债务;
theobligeehasreleasedtheobligorofitsobligation;
(六)债权债务同归于一人;
therightsandobligationshavevestedinoneparty;
(七)法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形。
anyothercircumstancesforterminationasstipulatedbythelawsoragreeduponbytheparties.
《民法典》第五百五十九条
债权债务终止时,债权的从权利同时消灭,但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
Uponterminationofaclaimandanobligation,arightaccessorytotheclaimshallbeextinguishedconcomitantly,unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaworagreedbytheparties.
《民法典》第五百六十六条
合同解除后,尚未履行的,终止履行;已经履行的,根据履行情况和合同性质,当事人可以请求恢复原状或者采取其他补救措施,并有权请求赔偿损失。
Afteracontractisrescinded,wheretheobligationshavenotyetbeenperformed,theperformanceshallcease;wheretheobligationshavealreadybeenperformed,thepartiesmay,takingintoaccounttheperformancestatusandthenatureofthecontract,requestrestorationtotheoriginalstatusorotherremedialmeasurestaken,andhavetherighttorequestforcompensationforlosses.
合同因违约解除的,解除权人可以请求违约方承担违约责任,但是当事人另有约定的除外。
Whereacontractisrescindedduetoadefault,thepartywiththerighttorescindthecontractmayrequestthebreachingpartytobeardefaultliability,unlessotherwiseagreedbytheparties.
主合同解除后,担保人对债务人应当承担的民事责任仍应当承担担保责任,但是担保合同另有约定的除外。
Aftertheprincipalcontractisrescinded,asecurityprovidershallstillbeobligatedtosecurethedebtor’sliability,unlessotherwiseagreedinthesecuritycontract.
参考双语例句:
TosupplementtheinformationcontainedinthereportoftheSecretaryGeneral,theAdvisoryCommitteerequested,bywayofexample,additionalinformationonanumberofelements,including:(a)thenumberofstaffwhohadbeensubjecttothewithholdingofsalaryincrementsornon-extensionorterminationoftheircontractsforperformancereasons;(b)thenumberofcasesofmisconductinwhichdisciplinarymeasureshadbeentaken,aswellasthenumberofcasesinwhichrecoveryactionswereundertakenin2011;(c)thenumberofcasesinwhichstaffhadbeenprotectedunderthewhistleblowerpolicy;(d)thenumberofcasesinwhichstaffhadbeensubjecttosanctionsand/orreprimandforviolatingthe“zerotolerance”policyongiftsorhospitalityimposedundertheUnitedNationsSupplierCodeofConduct;and(e)thenumberofcasesinwhichrecoveryactionswereundertakenpursuanttostaffrule10.1.
为补充秘书长报告所载信息,行预咨委会要求举例就若干内容提供额外信息:(a)因业绩原因不予例常加薪、不延长合同或终止合同的工作人员人数;(b)2011年已采取纪律措施的不当行为案件数目和已采取追偿行动的案件数目;(c)依据举报人政策工作人员受到保护的案件数目;(d)工作人员因违反《联合国供应商行为守则》有关礼物或招待的“零容忍”政策受到处罚/申斥的案件数目;(e)依照工作人员细则10.1采取追偿行动的案件数目。
ThisassessmentiscorroboratedbyanEritreandefectorwithdetailedknowledgeofthestructureandoperationsoftheEritreanairforceandremainingcontactsontheground,whohastoldtheMonitoringGroupthatimpositionofthearmsembargoinDecember2009severelydisruptedthesupplychainforsparepartsandledtotheterminationofsomebilateralmaintenancecontracts.2273.
这个评估得到一名厄立特里亚叛逃者的证实,这名叛逃者了解厄立特里亚空军的结构和行动详情,并仍保持实地联系,他告诉监察组,2009年12月实行的军火禁运严重破坏了备件供应链,导致部分双边维修合同终止。
Inaccordancewithregulation14,wheretheapplicantor,inthecaseofanapplicationbyapartnershiporconsortiumofentitiesinajointarrangement,anymemberofthepartnershiporconsortium,haspreviouslybeenawardedanycontractwiththeAuthority,doestheapplicationinclude:(a)thedateofthepreviouscontractorcontracts;(b)thedate,referencenumberandtitleofeachreportsubmittedtotheAuthorityinconnectionwiththecontractorcontracts;and(c)thedateofterminationofthecontractorcontracts
联营企业提出时,任何合伙者或联营者,以前曾同管理局订立任何合同,则申请书是否包括:(a)以前订立合同的日期;(b)就有关合同向管理局提交的每一份报告的日期、编号和标题;(c)已终止合同的合同终止日期?