政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国交通的可持续发展》(第2页)口译|shanghaichina中文翻译_宠物用品

–Strengtheningdriversofdevelopment.Chinaencouragesandregulatesnewformsofbusinessinthetransportindustry,acceleratesthetransformationofgrowthdrivers,andstrivestoestablishamultileveltransportservicesystemofferinghighqualityanddiverseoptions.

(四)以改革开放为动力

4.ReformandOpeningUpasaDrivingForce

深化改革、扩大开放是交通运输发展行稳致远的强大动力。坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，把“有效市场”和“有为政府”更好结合起来，进一步解放和发展交通运输生产力。

Furtherreformandopeningupprovidesapowerfuldrivingforceforsteadyprogressinthetransportindustry.Chinapersevereswithitsreformtobuildthesocialistmarketeconomy,andcreatesstrongersynergybetweenawell-functioningmarketandanenablinggovernment,soastounleashtheproductivityofthetransportindustry.

——坚持市场化改革。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，放开交通运输市场，推进质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，着力依靠市场解决发展不充分的问题，更好发挥政府作用解决发展不平衡的问题，不断完善交通运输市场体系，释放交通运输活力。

–Makingthetransportindustrymoremarket-oriented.Chinaensuresthatthemarketplaysthedecisiveroleinresourceallocation,andthatthegovernmentplaysitsrolebetter.Thestatehasliftedrestrictionsonaccesstothetransportmarketandispromotingchangesforhigherquality,efficiencyandimpetus.Itiscrucialtorelyonthemarkettotackleinsufficientdevelopmentwhilebetterplayingtheroleofthegovernmentinaddressingunbalanceddevelopment,soastoimprovethetransportmarketandincreasethevitalityofthetransportindustry.

——坚持高水平开放。打开国门搞建设，积极推进交通运输“走出去”“请进来”，以服务共建“一带一路”为重点，着力推动陆上、海上、天上、网上“四位一体”联通和政策、规则、标准“三位一体”联通，提升与其他国家互联互通水平和国际运输便利化水平。

–Pursuinghigh-standardopeningup.Chinapursuesdevelopmentwithitsdoorsopenwideandencourages“bringingin”and“goingglobal”intransportdevelopment.FocusingonfacilitatingcooperationundertheBeltandRoadInitiative,Chinamakesgreateffortstopromoteland,sea,airandcyberconnectivity,andcoordinationofpolicies,rulesandstandards,soastoensurehigher-levelconnectivitywithothercountriesandfacilitateinternationaltransport.

(五)以创新驱动为支撑

5.InnovationasSupport

创新是交通运输发展的动力源泉。把创新作为推动发展的第一动力，以科技创新为牵引，大力推进管理创新、制度创新、文化创新，完善创新体系，优化创新环境，强化人才支撑。

Innovationisaprimemoverintransportdevelopment.Withtechnologicalinnovationasalocomotive,Chinapromotesinnovationinmanagement,institutionsandculture,improvesitsinnovationsystemandenvironment,andoptimizesitshumanresourcesinsupportofthetransportindustry.

——以基础设施建养技术迭代升级增强交通运输系统韧性，增强交通基础设施抵御灾害与预警监测能力，提升高速铁路、高速公路、特大桥隧、深水筑港、大型机场工程等建造技术水平。

–Increasingthedurabilityofthetransportsystemthroughupgradinginfrastructureconstructionandmaintenancetechnologies.Chinastrengthensthedisaster-resistance,earlywarningandmonitoringcapacityofitstransportinfrastructure,andimprovesitsengineeringtechnologiesforhigh-speedrail,expressways,megabridgesandtunnels,deep-waterports,largeairportsandotherprojects.

——以智慧交通建设推进数字经济、共享型经济产业发展，推动模式、业态、产品、服务等联动创新，提高综合交通运输网络效率，构筑新型交通生态系统。

–Advancingthedigitaleconomyandthesharingeconomythroughdevelopingintelligenttransport.Chinafostersanewtransportsystembypromotingcoordinatedinnovationinbusinessmodelsandforms,products,andservices,andimprovingtheefficiencyofcomprehensivetransportnetworks.

——以数字化、网络化、智能化、绿色化技术的发展，拓展交通运输高质量发展空间，抓住全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革催生新技术新模式新业态的历史机遇，推动交通运输可持续发展。

–Raisingthequalityofthetransportindustrythroughdigital,internet-based,intelligentandgreentechnologies.Chinaendeavorstoseizethehistoricopportunitiesprovidedbyanewroundofglobaltechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialtransformation,andusenewtechnologiesandnewbusinessmodelsandformstopromotesustainabledevelopmentofitstransportindustry.

二、从交通大国向交通强国迈进

II.China’sGrowingStrengthinTransport

进入新时代，中国交通驶入高质量发展的快车道，基础设施建设日新月异，运输服务能力、品质和效率大幅提升，科技支撑更加有力，人民出行更加便捷，货物运输更加高效，中国正在从交通大国向交通强国迈进。

Inthenewera,Chinaisacceleratingthehigh-qualitydevelopmentofitstransportindustry–itisseeingconsistentprogressininfrastructureconstruction,markedimprovementsintransportcapacity,qualityandefficiency,strongertechnologicalsupport,greateraccessibilityandconvenience,andmoreefficientfreighttransport.Chinaisbuildingupitsstrengthintransport.

(一)基础设施从“连线成片”到“基本成网”

1.CreatingaComprehensiveInfrastructureNetwork

牢牢把握交通基础设施优化布局、加速成网的重要机遇期，深入推进交通供给侧结构性改革，一大批综合客运、货运枢纽投入运营，综合交通网络规模和质量实现跃升，覆盖广度和通达深度不断提升。

Chinahastakenadvantageofakeywindowofopportunitytooptimizetheconfigurationoftransportinfrastructureandbuilditintoacomprehensivenetwork.Thecountryhasadvancedsupply-sidestructuralreformintransportbybringingintoserviceagroupofpassengerandfreighthubs.Thescale,qualityandcoverageofthecomprehensivetransportnetworkhavebeensignificantlyincreased.

综合交通基础设施基本实现网络化。截至2019年底，全国铁路营业里程达到13.9万公里，其中高速铁路营业里程超过3.5万公里;全国公路里程达到501.3万公里，其中高速公路里程15万公里;拥有生产性码头泊位2.3万个，其中万吨级及以上泊位数量2520个;内河航道通航里程12.7万公里;民用航空颁证运输机场238个;全国油气长输管道总里程达到15.6万公里，互联互通程度明显加强;邮路和快递服务网络总长度(单程)4085.9万公里，实现乡乡设所、村村通邮。综合立体交通网络初步形成，有力支撑了经济社会持续快速健康发展。

Formingabasicnetworkforcomprehensivetransportinfrastructure.Bytheendof2019,Chinahadatotalof139,000kmofrailtrack,ofwhichhigh-speedlinesrepresented35,000km,andatotalofmorethan5millionkmofhighways,ofwhichexpresswaysrepresented150,000km.Thecountryhad23,000operativeberths,including2,520berthsof10,000-tonne-classorabove,and127,000kmofnavigableinlandwaterways.Therewere238certifiedcivilairportsthroughoutthecountry.Thelong-distanceoilandgaspipelinestotaled156,000kmwithbetterconnectionsachieved.Thetotalnetworklengthofpostalandexpressdeliveryservicesapproximated41millionkm;everytownshiphadapostofficeandeveryvillagewasprovidedwithpostalservices.Acomprehensiveandmultidimensionaltransportnetworkhasbeenputinplacetogivestrongsupporttothesustained,rapidandhealthydevelopmentofsocietyandtheeconomy.

综合运输大通道基本贯通。着力加强综合运输大通道建设，进一步打通国家运输大动脉，有力保障国土和能源安全，强化区域间政治经济联系。加快建设“十纵十横”综合运输大通道，依托京沪、京广、沿海、沿江等综合运输大通道，长三角、珠三角、环渤海等港口群和长江沿线港口形成的经济带、城市群成为中国经济最具活力、人口最为密集的区域。上海到南京、上海到杭州高速通道沿线集聚了长三角三分之二的城市和约80%的经济总量。粤港澳大湾区形成了以高速铁路、城际铁路和高等级公路为主体的城际快速交通网络。西气东输、川气东送、海气登陆以及陕京线等天然气干线管输系统不断完善。煤炭物流通道布局更加合理，形成纵贯南北、东西的铁路能源运输大通道;粮食物流骨干通道全部打通，原粮散粮运输、成品粮集装化运输比重大幅提高，粮食物流效率稳步提升。区域间人员交流、物资流通日益便捷，横贯东西、纵贯南北、内畅外通的综合交通主骨架逐步形成。

Connectingthemaintransportcorridors.ThemaintransportcorridorswillbefurtherexpandedandconnectedtoensureChina’sterritorialandenergysecurity,andstrengtheneconomicandpoliticalconnectionsbetweenregions.Thestatehasdevisedtenverticalandtenhorizontaltransportcorridors.EconomicbeltsandcityclustersarethrivingalongthetransportcorridorsbetweenBeijingandShanghai,betweenBeijingandGuangzhou,alongtheYangtzeRiverandthecoastlines,andneartheportsintheYangtzeRiverDeltaandPearlRiverDeltaandalongtheBohaiSeaRim.Theyarebecomingthemosteconomicallydynamicandpopulousareasinthecountry.Twothirdsofthecitiesand80percentoftheGDPoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaareconcentratedalongthehigh-speedtransportcorridorsbetweenShanghaiandNanjing,andbetweenShanghaiandHangzhou.Arapidintercitytransportnetworkfeaturinghigh-speedrailways,intercityrailwaysandhigh-gradehighwayshasbeenputinplaceintheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea.

AtrunknetworkofgaspipelinesisimprovingwiththecapacitytotransmitgasfromwesttoeastChina,fromSichuantoeastChinaandfromShaanxitoBeijing,andtobringgasfromoffshore.Coallogisticscorridorsarebetterconfigured,andarailwaycorridorforenergytransportrunningacrossthecountryhastakenshape.Themainlogisticscorridorsforgrainhavebeenconnected,andthecontainervolumesofunprocessedgrain,bulkgrainandrefinedgrainhaveincreasedsignificantly,alongwithimprovedefficiencyingrainlogistics.Flowofpeopleandgoodsismoreconvenientbetweenregions.Anopenandcomprehensivetransportnetworkthatcrossesthewholecountryandconnectswiththeworldhastakenshape.

综合交通枢纽建设步伐加快。深入推进交通、物流、信息与经济社会深度融合，大力发展枢纽经济，积极培育经济发展新动能。结合全国城镇体系布局，打造北京、上海、广州等国际性综合交通枢纽，加快建设全国性、区域性综合交通枢纽。通过规划引领，强化一体化综合客运枢纽站建设，北京大兴、上海虹桥等一批综合交通枢纽建成，实现了高铁、城市客运、轨道交通、民航等交通方式的无缝对接。优化货运枢纽布局，推进多式联运型和干支衔接型货运枢纽(物流园区)建设，上海洋山港、郑州铁路港等一批现代物流枢纽建成，提高了换装水平，加快了多式联运发展，有力推动了综合交通运输体系建设。不同运输方式通过枢纽实现有机衔接，为优化国家经济空间布局和构建现代化经济体系提供了有力支撑。

Buildingintegratedtransporthubs.Bygivingfullplaytothehubeconomyandactivelyfosteringnewdriversofgrowth,Chinahaspromotedtheintegrationoftransport,logistics,andinformationwithsocietyandtheeconomy.Consideringthenationalurbanconfiguration,thecountryhasbuiltinternationaltransporthubsinBeijing,ShanghaiandGuangzhou,andcreatedmoretransporthubsatnationalandregionallevels.Highlightingtheneedforintegratedtransportterminals,agroupofsuchprojectshavebeencompleted,suchastheBeijingDaxingandShanghaiHongqiaohubs,integratingairporttransportseamlesslywithhigh-speedandstandardrail,andurbanpassengertransport.

Theconfigurationoffreightterminalsandlogisticsparkshasbeenoptimizedformultimodalandmultileveltransport.Anumberofmodernlogisticshubs,suchasYangshanPortinShanghaiandtherailwayinlandportinZhengzhou,havehelpedtoimprovethetransshipmentcapacity,enhancemultimodaltransport,andcreateacomprehensivetransportsystem.Theintegrationofvarioustransportmethodsatthesehubsprovidesstrongsupportforoptimizingtheeconomicstructureandmodernizingtheeconomicsystem.

城市交通基础设施体系化建设稳步推进。截至2019年年底，全国城市道路总长度45.9万公里，人均道路面积17.36平方米，建成区路网密度达到6.65公里/平方公里，道路面积率达到13.19%。强化城市综合交通体系规划引领，加强内部交通与对外交通有效衔接。树立“窄马路、密路网”的城市道路布局理念，建设快速路、主干路和次支路级配合理、适宜绿色出行的城市道路网络。完善道路空间分配，充分保障绿色交通出行需求，规范设置道路交通安全设施和交通管理设施。开展人行道净化专项行动，推动自行车专用道建设，切实改善绿色出行环境。

Strengtheningsystematicplanningforurbantransportinfrastructure.Bytheendof2019,thetotallengthofurbanroadsacrossthecountrywas459,000km,theroadareapercapita17.36sqm,theroadnetworkdensityintheurbanbuilt-upareaswas6.65km/sqkmandtheroadarearatio13.19percent.Thegovernmenthasstrengthenedplanningforacomprehensiveurbantransportnetworkandimprovedeffectivetransportconnectionsbetweencitiesandneighboringareas.

Withaconceptof“narrowerroadsandadensernetwork”,Chinahasbuiltanurbanroadnetworkfeaturingareasonablecompositionofexpressways,arterialroads,sub-arterialroadsandbranchroadsfriendlytogreentravel.Thetransportauthoritieshaveimprovedroadspaceallocationtofullyensuretheneedsofgreentravelandregulatedtheprovisionoftrafficsafetyandmanagementfacilities.Thecountryhascarriedoutcampaignstoclearupsidewalksandbuildbikepathstoimprovetheenvironmentforgreentravel.

(二)运输服务从“走得了”到“走得好”

2.OptimizingTransportCapacityandQuality

全面提升交通运输服务质量，“互联网+交通”等新模式快速发展，多样化、品质化、均等化水平大幅提升，运输服务实现“人便其行、货畅其流”，通达性和保障性显著增强。交通运输对国家经济社会发展的支撑显著增强，促投资、促消费、稳增长作用明显。

Chinahasmadeall-roundimprovementstothequalityoftransport.TherapidgrowthofInternetPlusTransportandothernewbusinessmodelshasofferedmoreequitableaccesstomorediversifiedservicesofhigherquality,facilitatingthemovementofpeopleandgoods,andstrengtheningtheaccessibilityandsupportfunctionsoftransport.Transportisplayingastrongerroleinsupportingthenation’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,andinpromotinginvestment,stimulatingconsumption,andsustaininggrowth.

货物运输服务保障能力不断提升。中国是世界上运输最繁忙的国家。面对日益增长的货物运输需求，加快多式联运发展，创新公铁联运、空铁联运、铁水联运、江海联运、水水中转、滚装联运等高效运输组织模式，开展铁路运能提升、水运系统升级、公路货运治理等专项行动，货物运输结构持续优化，综合运输效率不断提高，物流成本逐步降低，交通运输环境污染明显减少，原油、成品油、天然气管道建设不断提速。铁路运量占社会运输总量比例不断提升，“公转铁”行动取得突出成效。港口货物吞吐量和集装箱吞吐量均居世界第一。快递业务量保持强劲增长态势，连续6年位居世界第一。运输服务能力大幅提升，推进物流降本增效取得积极成效，促进了物流业转型升级。

Enhancingfreighttransportcapacity.Chinaisoneofthebusiestfreighthubsintheworld.TheincreasingdemandforfreightcapacityrequiresChinatoacceleratemultimodaltransport,createefficientandinnovativetransportlinkssuchasrail-highway,air-rail,rail-waterwayandriver-seatransport,ship-to-shiptransfer,androll-on/roll-offshipping.

Chinahasalsoimplementedprogramstoraiserailwaytransportcapacity,upgradewaterwaytransport,andregulatehighwayfreighttransport.Thefreighttransportstructurehasbeenoptimized,overalltransportefficiencyhasimproved,andlogisticscostshavebeenlowered.Amarkeddecreasehasbeenseenintransportpollution.Theconstructionofpipelinesforcrudeoil,refinedoilandnaturalgasisaccelerating.Theproportionofrailtransportintotalfreighttransportisincreasing.Visibleresultshavebeenachievedinshiftingmorefreighttransportfromroadtorailway.ThecargothroughputandcontainerthroughputinChina’sportsbothrankfirstintheworld.Expressdeliverycontinuestoflourish,andhasledtheworldforthepastsixyears.Substantialgrowthintransportservicecapacityhasacceleratedprogressinreducingcosts,increasingefficiency,andupgradingthelogisticsindustry.

公众高品质出行需求逐步满足。旅客运输专业化、个性化服务品质不断提升，人们对“美好出行”的需求得到更好满足，出行体验更加方便、快捷、舒适、温暖。以道路运输为基础，高铁、民航为主要发展方向的出行服务体系更加完善，客运结构持续优化，中长距离客流逐步从公路转向高铁和民航。截至2019年底，动车组列车累计发送旅客120亿人次，占铁路旅客发送量的比重由2007年的4.5%增长到65.4%。春节、国庆等重要节庆日大规模客流的服务保障能力显著提升，人们不仅能够“说走就走”，而且走得“舒适、优雅、惬意”，“人享其行”的期盼逐步成为现实。

Meetingthepublic’sexpectationforqualitytravel.Passengertransportisbecomingmoreprofessionalandpersonal,meetingthepublic’sexpectationforabetter,faster,moreconvenient,morecomfortable,andsatisfyingtravelexperience.Withroadtransportasthebaseandhigh-speedrailandcivilaviationasthedirectionoffuturedevelopment,thetransportservicestructureisimproving.Thetrendisforpassengersonmiddle-andlong-distancejourneystoshiftfromhighwaytraveltohigh-speedrailandplanes.Bytheendof2019,12billiontripshadbeenmadeonhigh-speedrail,anditsshareoftotalrailpassengertransporthadrisenfrom4.5percentin2007to65.4percent.

ThetransportcapacityandserviceduringtheChineseNewYearholiday,NationalDayholiday,andothertravelpeakshavesignificantlyincreased.Peoplecannowtakeatripwhenevertheywant,andenjoyqualityandprofessionalservicethatmakestravelacomfortableandsatisfyingexperience.

城市公共交通持续优先发展。发展公共交通是现代城市发展的方向，是加强城市交通治理、提升城市居民生活品质的有效措施。大力加强城市轨道交通建设，截至2019年底，全国共有40个城市开通运营城市轨道交通线路，运营里程达6172.2公里，城市轨道交通的骨干作用日益凸显，城市公交出行分担率稳步提高，舒适度不断提升。城市慢行交通系统较快发展，70余个城市发布共享单车管理实施细则，360余个城市提供了共享单车服务。城市公共交通的发展为人们出行提供了便利，满足了多样化出行需求。

Prioritizingthesustainabledevelopmentofurbanpublictransport.Moderncitiesaspiretoprovidehigh-qualitypublictransport,andtakeeffectivemeasurestostrengthenurbantrafficmanagementandenhancethelifequalityofurbancitizens.Greateffortshavebeenmadetoimproveurbanrailservices.Bytheendof2019,atotalof40citieshadopenedurbanrailtransitlines,with6,172.2kmoftrack.Whiletheroleofrailtransitisincreasinglyvisible,thenumberofpeopleusingpublictransportfortravelisalsogrowing,andthelevelofcomfortisimproving.

Rapiddevelopmenthasalsobeenseeninnon-motorizedtransport.Morethan70citieshavereleasedadministrativemeasurestoregulatebike-sharing,andover360citiesprovidebike-sharingservices.Publictransportoffersconvenienttravelbymeetingthepublic’sdiversetravelneeds.

基本公共服务均等化水平不断提升。努力保障公众公平享有交通服务权利，以交通和谐促进社会和谐。僻远地区开行的公益性“慢火车”，站站停、低票价、公交化，架起了山村与城市的沟通桥梁，成为沿线人民的“公交车”“致富车”。公路客运普及和农村物流发展有力促进了城乡一体化，截至2019年底，已开展52个城乡交通运输一体化示范县建设，全国城乡交通运输一体化发展水平达到AAA级、AAAA级以上的区县比例分别超过95%和79%。在铁路、公路、水运、民航、邮政等重要枢纽设置无障碍设施，推广无障碍化交通工具，为特殊群体提供了周到的出行服务。不断加大旅客运输及出行服务普惠力度，让人民共享交通发展成果。

Ensuringequalaccesstobasicpublicservices.Topromotesocialharmony,theChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoensuringequalaccesstopublictransportservices.Low-farelow-speedtrainsinremoteareaswhichstopateverysmallstationandhaveasimilarfunctiontobuses,serveasabridgebetweenmountainousvillagesandcities.Thesetrainsprovideaconvenientpublicwelfareservicetopeoplealongthelineandfacilitatetheireffortstowardsabetterlife.

Thenationwideexpansionofhighwaypassengertransportandrurallogisticshashelpedtointegrateruralandurbanareas.Bytheendof2019,integrationofruralandurbantransporthadbeenpilotedin52counties;95percentofurbandistrictsandcountiesnationwidehadachievedAAAratingsinurban-ruraltransportintegration,and79percenthadachievedAAAAratings.

Accessibletransportprovidesconvenienceforpeoplewithdisabilities,andbarrier-freeaccesshasbeenimplementedatpublictransporthubsincludingtrainstations,highwayserviceareas,passengershipterminals,airports,andpostaloutlets.Furthermeasuresarebeingimplementedtoprovideuniversalservicesandhelppeopleshareinthefruitsoftransportdevelopment.

交通运输新业态新模式不断涌现。“互联网+”交通运输正在深刻改变着人们的出行方式。截至2019年底，网约车覆盖全国400多个城市，平台日均使用量达到2000万人次。共享单车有效解决了出行“最后一公里”难题，日均使用量约4570万人次。货运物流融入“互联网+”进程加快，推动了货运物流组织方式创新，95306铁路货运服务系统全面建成，2019年铁路网上货运业务办理比例达到85%，229家无车承运人试点企业整合货运车辆211万辆，车辆利用率提高约50.0%，较传统货运交易成本降低了6至8个百分点。“高铁网+互联网”双网融合取得突出成效，2019年12306互联网售票系统售票超过35.7亿张;电子客票基本实现全覆盖;高铁站车正逐步实现WIFI信号全覆盖，创新推出网上订餐、无线充电、智能交互等服务。截至2019年底，超过98%的二级以上汽车客运站提供省域联网售票服务。网约车、共享单车、共享汽车等线上线下新消费模式，刷脸进站、“无纸化”登机、无人机投递、无接触配送、智慧停车、道路客运定制服务等新业态，让人们享受到了便利，为经济发展注入了新动能。

Encouragingnewmodelsandformsofbusinessintransport.InternetPlusmodelsintransportarehavingaprofoundimpactonthewaypeopletravel.Bytheendof2019,morethan400citiesacrossthecountryhadonlinecar-hailingservices,withdailyusageaveraging20milliontrips.Bike-sharinghaseffectivelybridgedthelastkilometerinurbantravel,withdailyusageaveragingmorethan45.7milliontrips.

ThepenetrationofInternetPlusintofreightlogisticsisaccelerating,andinspiringorganizationalinnovations.The95306onlineplatformforrailwayfreightserviceswasputinplace.In2019,theonlinerailfreightservicehandlingrateroseto85percent.229non-truckoperatingcommoncarriersintegrated2.11millionfreightvehicles,improvingtheutilizationrateby50percent,loweringthefreighttransactioncostbysixtoeightpercentagepointscomparedwithtraditionalways.Theintegrationoftheinternetandhigh-speedrailwaynetworkhasseenremarkableresults.In2019,atotalof3.57billionticketsweresoldon12306.cn,China’sofficialwebsiteforbookingtraintickets.Electronicticketscanbeboughtatalmostallrailwaystations.ChinaisonthewaytoachievingfullWIFIcoverageinhigh-speedtrainsandstations.Ithasalsomadeinnovationstorolloutservicessuchasonlinemealbooking,wirelesschargingandintelligentinteraction.

Bytheendof2019,over98percentofthebusterminalsatthecountylevelandaboveofferprovince-sideonlineticketbookingservices.Thenewonlineandofflineformsofpassengertransportsuchascar-hailing,bike-sharing,andcar-sharingservices,andnewformsofbusinesssuchasfacialrecognitioncheck-inatrailwaystations,paperlessboardingatairports,dronedelivery,contactlessdelivery,intelligentparking,andcustomizedpassengertransportserviceshavebroughtconveniencetopeopleandinjectedfreshmomentumtoeconomicgrowth.

Supportingmajorstrategiesforregionaldevelopment.ChinahasstrengthenedthetransportconfigurationtosupportandservethestrategytocoordinatethedevelopmentoftheBeijing-Tianjin-HebeiRegion,theYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt,theGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreaandotherregions.Thecountryhasacceleratedtobuildmulti-junctiontransportmatricesforworld-classcityclusters,andafirst-classcomprehensivetransportsystemintheXiong’anNewArea.Efficientconnectionsbetweentrunk,intercity,suburbanandurbanrailhavebeenachieved,withafocusonfacilitatingBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiintegration.

Initseffortstosystematicallymanagemajorwaterways,ChinahasmitigatedthetrafficbottleneckalongtheThreeGorgesDam,improvedthefunctionoftheYangtzeRiverasthegoldenwaterway,andendeavoredtobuildatransportcorridoralongtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt.TocreateamodernandcomprehensivetransportnetworkintheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,thecountryhasopeneduptransportcorridorsintheeast,westandnorthofGuangdongconnectingtheGreaterBayAreawithsurroundingprovincesandregions,andaimedtobuildaninternationaloverlandtransportcorridorlinkingthepan-PearlRiverDeltawiththeAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN).

TosupporttheHainanFreeTradePort,Chinahasbuiltamulti-junction,province-widetransportmatrixofrailways,intercityrail,andmainhighwaysinHainan,focusingontheHaikou-Chengmai-WenchangEconomicIntegrationCircleandtheGreaterSanyaTourismEconomicCircle.TopromotebetterandintegratedtransportintheYangtzeRiverDelta,thecountryhasbuiltamultilevel,well-connectedtransportnetworkwithShanghai,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Hefei,Suzhou,Wuxi,ChangzhouandNingboasthejunctions.

Inlinewiththeneedforeco-environmentalconservationandterritorialspacedevelopmentintheYellowRiverBasin,Chinahascoordinatedthedevelopmentofthetransportcorridors,hubsandnetworkintheriverbasin.Targetedtransportmeasuresinvariousregionshavebeendesignedtosupporttheirrespectivestrategies.

(三)交通科技从“跟跑为主”到“跟跑并跑领跑”并行

3.MovingfromFollowertoLeaderinTransportTechnology

经过不懈努力，交通运输科技创新能力大幅跃升，核心技术逐步自主可控，基础设施、运输装备取得标志性重大科技创新成果，可持续发展能力显著提升。中国的交通科技从跟跑世界一流水平为主，进入到跟跑、并跑、领跑并行的新阶段。

China’scapacityforinnovationintransporthasstrengthened–itpossessesself-developedcoretechnologies,andhasmademajorbreakthroughsintransportinfrastructureandequipment.Capacityforsustainabledevelopmentisgrowing.Chinaismakingsteadyprogressfromafollowertoaleaderintransporttechnology.

交通超级工程举世瞩目。高速铁路、高寒铁路、高原铁路、重载铁路技术达到世界领先水平，高原冻土、膨胀土、沙漠等特殊地质公路建设技术攻克世界级难题。离岸深水港建设关键技术、巨型河口航道整治技术、长河段航道系统治理技术以及大型机场工程建设技术世界领先。世界单条运营里程最长的京广高铁全线贯通，一次性建成里程最长的兰新高铁，世界首条高寒地区高铁哈大高铁开通运营，大秦重载铁路年运量世界第一，世界上海拔最高的青海果洛藏族自治州雪山一号隧道通车。川藏铁路雅安至林芝段开工建设。港珠澳大桥、西成高铁秦岭隧道群、洋山港集装箱码头、青岛港全自动化集装箱码头、长江口深水航道治理等系列重大工程举世瞩目。中国在建和在役公路桥梁、隧道总规模世界第一，世界主跨径前十位的斜拉桥、悬索桥、跨海大桥，中国分别有7座、6座、6座，世界最高的10座大桥中有8座在中国。

World-leadingmega-projects.Chinaleadstheworldintechnologyforrailwaysathighaltitudesandinextremelylowtemperatures,andforhigh-speedandheavy-haulrailways.Ithassolvedthemostchallengingtechnicalproblemsconfrontinghighwayconstructionindifficultgeologicalconditionssuchasplateaupermafrost,expansivesoil,anddesert.Italsoleadsincoretechnologiesforbuildingdeep-wateroffshoreports,improvingmassiveestuaryandlongwaterways,andbuildinglargeairports.

TheBeijing-GuangzhouHigh-speedRailway,thelongesthigh-speedraillineintheworld,hasbeencompleted.TheLanzhou-UrumqiHigh-speedRailwayhastheworld’slongestlinethathasbeenbuiltatonego.TheHarbin-DalianHigh-speedRailway,theworld’sfirsthigh-speedraillineoperatingatlowtemperaturesinwinterisopentotraffic.TheDatong-QinhuangdaoHeavy-haulRailwayrankstopintheworldintermsofannualtransportvolume.TheXueshanNo.1Tunnel,theworld’shighestofitskind,builtinGologTibetanAutonomousPrefecture,QinghaiProvince,hasbeenopenedtotraffic.ThesectionoftheSichuan-TibetRailwaybetweenYa’anandNyingchiisunderconstruction.

Othernotablemega-projectsincludetheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge,theXi’an-ChengduHigh-speedRailcuttingthroughtheQinlingMountains,thecontainerterminalatYangshanPort,theautomatedcontainerterminalatQingdaoPort,andthedeep-waterchannelimprovementprojectintheYangtzeRiverEstuary.

Chinaleadstheworldinthetotallengthandnumberofhighwaybridgesandtunnelsinserviceandunderconstruction.Ithassevenofthetenlongestcable-stayedbridges,sixofthetenlongestsuspensionbridges,sixofthetenlongestcross-seabridges,andeightofthetenhighestbridgesintheworld.

交通装备技术取得重大突破。瞄准世界科技前沿发展“国之重器”，交通运输关键装备技术自主研发水平大幅提升。具有完全自主知识产权的“复兴号”中国标准动车组实现世界上首次时速420公里交会和重联运行，在京沪高铁、京津城际铁路、京张高铁实现世界最高时速350公里持续商业运营，智能型动车组首次实现时速350公里自动驾驶功能;时速600公里高速磁浮试验样车、具备跨国互联互通能力的时速400公里可变轨距高速动车组下线。盾构机等特种工程机械研发实现巨大突破，最大直径土压平衡盾构机、最大直径硬岩盾构机、最大直径泥水平衡盾构机等相继研制成功。节能与新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展，与国际先进水平基本保持同步。海工机械特种船舶、大型自动化专业化集装箱成套设备制造技术领先世界，300米饱和潜水取得创新性突破。C919大型客机成功首飞。支线客机ARJ21开始商业运营。快递分拣技术快速发展。远洋船舶、高速动车组、铁路大功率机车、海工机械等领跑全球，大型飞机、新一代智联网汽车等装备技术方兴未艾，成为中国制造业走向世界的“金名片”。

Majorbreakthroughsintransportequipmenttechnology.Aimingtodevelopcutting-edgecoretechnologies,Chinahassubstantiallyimprovedthelevelofitsindependentresearchinkeytransportequipmenttechnology.Chinahassetaworldrecordbysuccessfullytestingitsself-developedFuxingEMUtrainsrunningat420km/hinintersectionandcoupledoperations.TheFuxingEMUshavebeenrunningat350km/h–thehighestoperatingspeedintheworld–ontheBeijing-ShanghaiHigh-speedRail,theBeijing-TianjinIntercityRailandtheBeijing-ZhangjiakouHigh-speedRail.Chinabecamethefirstintheworldtorealizeautopilotontrainsrunningataspeedof350km/h.600km/hprototypemaglevtrainsandhigh-speedfreegaugetrainsrunningataspeedof400km/hthatcanchangetracksandarecapableofmakinginternationaltripshaverolledofftheproductionline.

Majorbreakthroughshavebeenachievedintunnelingtechnology–earthpressurebalance,hardrock,andslurryshieldmachineswiththeworld’slargestoperatingdiametershavebeendeveloped.Thefuel-efficientandnewenergyvehicleindustryisprospering,keepingabreastofthelatestinternationaladvances.Themanufacturingtechnologiesforspecialmarineengineeringmachineryvesselsandcompletesetsoflargeautomatedandspecializedcontainerhandlingequipmentranktopintheworld.Chinahasalsomadeinnovativebreakthroughsin300-metersaturationdiving.TheC919largepassengeraircrafthasmadeitsmaidenflight.TheARJ21regionaljetisnowincommercialservice.

Thesortingtechnologyinexpressdeliveryisdevelopingrapidly.Chinaleadstheworldinbuildingocean-goingvessels,high-speedEMUtrains,high-powerlocomotives,andmarineengineeringmachinery.Itsburgeoningequipmenttechnologyinlargeaircraftandnew-generationintelligentconnectedvehiclesisonthewaytobecomingamajorinternationalcallingcardforChina’smanufacturing.

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