Studyexploreslinksbetweenstaplefoodpreference,obesity
一项研究探讨了主食偏好与肥胖风险之间的关系
Riceandwheataretwoofthemostcommonlyconsumedcerealgrainsworldwide.Astudycoveringmorethan100,000peopleinnorthwestChinahasrevealedthatchoosingriceasstaplefoodmayhavealowerriskofobesity.
大米和小麦是世界上最常被人们食用的两种谷物。一项覆盖中国西北10余万人的研究显示,以大米为主食可能会降低肥胖风险。
ResearchersfromXi'anJiaotongUniversitycollecteddatafromtheseparticipantsaged35to74whoareresidentsoffivenorthwestChinaprovincial-levelregions,namelyShaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,NingxiaandXinjiang.
西安交通大学的研究人员收集了来自西北五省(陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆)年龄在35-74岁之间的参与者的数据。
Theparticipantsrespondedtoquestionnairesviaface-to-faceinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasalcoholconsumption,smoking,dietarystatus,andphysicalactivity.
参与者通过面对面的访谈回答了调查问卷,提供了有关过往病史和生活方式的信息(如饮酒、吸烟、饮食状况和体育活动)。
Theresearchersdividedtheparticipantsintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintakefrequency.Thefirstgroupeatsriceastheirstaplefood,consumingiteitherdailyor4to6timesperweek,whileconsumingwheatlessthan4to6timesperweek.Thesecondgroup'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirstaplefood,withsimilarfrequency.
研究人员根据参与者每周摄入大米和小麦的频率将他们分为三组。第一组以大米为主食,每天食用或每周食用4至6次,而每周食用小麦不到4至6次。第二组以小麦为主食,第三组同时以大米和小麦为主食,食用两者的频率相似。
TheresultsshowedthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesinthepopulationofnorthwestChina.Higherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatandcentralobesity(stomachfat)inmenandcentralobesityinwomen,accordingtothestudyfindingspublishedinthejournalNutrients.
结果表明,在中国西北地区的人群中,偏好米饭可能与某些类型的肥胖风险较低有关。根据发表在《营养》杂志上的研究结果,摄入小麦越多,男性体脂过多、中枢性肥胖(即腹部脂肪)和女性中枢性肥胖的风险就越大。
Whenwheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightcentralobesityinwomen.Normalweightobesityreferstopeoplewithnormalbodyweightbutahighbodyfatpercentage.
当偏好面食的人每周五次把主食换成大米时,参与者中男性正常体重肥胖的风险降低了36.5%,女性正常体重中心型肥胖的风险降低了20.5%。正常体重肥胖是指体重正常但体脂率过高的人。
Accordingtotheresearchers,previousanimalstudiesshowedthatwheatgluten,akindofprotein,promotedweightgainbyreducingheatproductionandenergyexpenditure,whilericeproteinshowsthepotentialforanti-obesityandtriglyceride-loweringeffects.
据研究人员称,此前的动物实验表明,小麦蛋白通过减少热量产生和能量消耗来促进体重增加,而大米蛋白则显示出阻止肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潜力。
Moreover,wheatflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultinginahigherenergydensityofwheatthanrice.Accordingtothe6thedition(2020)oftheChineseFoodCompositionTable,theenergycontentofnoodlesorsteamedbreadistwiceorthreetimesthatofcookedriceofthesameweight.
此外,小麦粉在煮熟时吸收的水分比大米少,这在一定程度上导致了小麦的能量密度高于大米。根据《中国食物成分表》第6版(2020年),面条或馒头的能量含量是相同重量的煮熟米饭的两到三倍。
Meanwhile,rice-baseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,legumes,meatandfishservings.PeoplewithwheatpreferenceinnorthwestChinatendtoeatalargebowlofnoodleswithlittlevegetablesormeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.Forinstance,thegistof"hotoilnoodles"inShaanxiProvinceispouringacoupleoftablespoonsofhotoiloverabowlofchewynoodlesseasonedwithsalt,rawgarlicandchiliflakes.
与此同时,以大米为主食的饮食模式通常会摄入更多新鲜蔬菜、豆类、肉类和鱼类。西北地区偏好面食的人往往吃一大碗面,很少吃蔬菜或肉,有时甚至会放大量的油。例如,陕西“热油面”的关键所在就是在一碗有嚼劲的面条上倒上几汤匙热油,面条用盐、生蒜和辣椒片调味。
Theresearchersconcludedthatcomparedwithwheatpreference,ricepreferenceorchangingfromwheattoricecouldbeassociatedwithlowerrisksofoverallandabdominalfataccumulation,especiallyforindividualswithnormalweight.
研究人员得出结论,与偏好面食相比,偏好米饭或从面食改为米饭可能会降低全身和腹部脂肪堆积的风险,尤其是对体重正常的人来说。