葡萄是最受欢迎的夏季水果之一，或许你能说出很多吃过的葡萄品种，但是葡萄本身仍然有很多你不了解的“小秘密”。
Grapesarepopularfresh,andpeoplealsoloveconsumingthemaswine,jam,juice,variousdriedvarieties,jelly,vinegar,grapeseedextract,andgrapeseedoil.It’sthisversatilepopularity,coupledwiththemanycountriesthatharborgoodgrowingconditions,thathavecrownedthegrapeasoneoftheworld’smosteconomicallyimportantcrops.Herearesomefascinatingfactsaboutoneofthemostubiquitousfruits.
葡萄是很受欢迎的生鲜水果，人们还喜欢把葡萄制成葡萄酒、果酱、果汁、蜜饯、果冻、果醋、葡萄籽提取物和葡萄籽油享用。葡萄的用处多多，而且许多国家都拥有种植葡萄的良好条件，这让葡萄成为世界上最重要的经济作物之一。一起来了解一下这种随处可见的水果。
1.Grapesareusedtomakesyntheticleather.
葡萄可以制成人造皮革
Inthequesttofindcruelty-freeandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlysyntheticleather,Vegea,anItaliancompanyfoundedin2018,hasmadeafullyrecyclableandbiodegradableproductfromthegrapewasteleftoverfromwinemaking.
为了制出环保又不残酷的人造皮革，创立于2018年的意大利Vegea公司用酿酒剩下的葡萄残渣开发出了一款可以完全回收降解的产品。
Grapeleatherisbeingusedforawholehostofproducts,includingvegan-friendlyshoes,bags,andboxinggloves.
葡萄皮革被用来生产出大量产品，包括对纯素者友好的鞋子、包包，还有拳击手套。
2.Grapescanbedeadlytoyourpet.
葡萄会危及宠物的生命
Grapesandtheirderivatives(raisins,wine,andgrapejuice)aretoxictodogs:Theycancausekidneyfailure,whichcanultimatelybefatal.In2021,vetsattheASPCAdiscoveredthattartaricacidcontainedinthefruitistheculprit.Symptomsofgrapepoisoningincludevomiting,diarrhea,andexcessivethirst.
葡萄和它的衍生物（葡萄干、葡萄酒和葡萄汁）对狗有毒，会导致狗的肾脏衰竭，并可能导致狗最后丧命。2021年，美国防止虐待动物协会的兽医发现，葡萄所含的酒石酸是罪魁祸首。葡萄中毒的症状包括呕吐、腹泻和极度口渴。
3.Thegrapesyoueataredifferentfromtheonesusedinwinemaking.
你吃的葡萄和酿酒用的葡萄不是同一种
Thequalitiesdesiredfromtheonesyoueatfresh(tablegrapes)arequitedifferentfromthoserequiredforwineproduction(winegrapes).Theseedsandthickerskinsonwinegrapeslendmoreflavorandcolortothewine,whiletheirgreatersweetnessaidsthefermentationprocess.Tablegrapestendtobelargerandmorepalatable:juicywithfirmerfleshandalessconcentratedflavor,withathinnerskinandfewerseeds.
食用葡萄的品质要求和酿酒葡萄的品质要求差别很大。酿酒所用葡萄的籽和厚皮给葡萄酒增添更多风味和颜色，而更高的甜度加速了发酵进程。食用葡萄通常更大更美味，果肉紧实多汁，味道不是很浓，果皮更薄，籽更少。
4.Chinaleadsthewayintablegrapeproductionandconsumption.
中国在食用葡萄的生产和消费上都遥遥领先
Thankstoitsfavorableclimateandgrowingconditions,Chinahasbeengrowinggrapesformorethan2000years.Consumptionisexpectedtoincreasefrom11.8millionmetrictonsin2021–2022to12.4millionmetrictonsin2022–2023,makingChinatheworld’slargestconsumer.
多亏了有利的气候和生长条件，中国种植葡萄已有两千多年之久。中国人消费的葡萄从2021至2022年的1180万吨增长到2022至2023年的1240万吨，这让中国成为全世界葡萄消费量最大的国家。
Chinadoesn’tjustconsumealotofgrapes.Thecountry’sexpectedtablegrapeproductionin2022–2023is12.6milliontons—morethanhalfoftheworld’sgrapeproduction—makingittheworld’stopgrapeproduceraswell.
中国不仅葡萄消费量大，2022至2023年的食用葡萄产量预期将达到1260吨，占到了全球葡萄总产量的一半还多，这让中国成为全球葡萄产量最高的国家。
5.Grapeswereprobablythefirstfruitdomesticatedbyhumans.
葡萄应该是人类最早驯化的水果
In2023,researcherspublishedgeneticevidencethatgrapevinesweredomesticatedaround11,000yearsago.Bystudyinggrapegenomesequences,theyfoundthatthefruitwasindependentlydomesticatedintwoseparateregionsconcurrently:theregioninwesternAsiahometoLebanon,Jordan,Palestine,andIsrael,andtheregioncoveredbymodern-dayAzerbaijan,Armenia,andGeorgia.Asthescientistsremarked,“Thegrapevinewasprobablythefirstfruitcropdomesticatedbyhumans…Itwasoneofthefirstgloballytradedgoods.”
6.ThelargestgrapevarietyistheKyoho.
个头最大的葡萄品种是巨峰
TheKyohograpeisaEuropean-AmericanhybridthatoriginatedinJapanin1937.OriginallypopularinJapanandChinabutnowfoundworldwide.TheKyohobreedernamedtheresultKyoho,whichtranslatesto“greatmountainpeak,”inhonourofMountFuji.Theoblonggrapesare2–4centimetersbig.Theirskinrangesfromdarkviolettoalmostblackincolor,andtheirgreenfleshisverysweet.Theseedsandthickskinsarebitterandoftendiscarded.Fortunately,theKyohopossessesa“slip-skin,”meaningtheskinslidesoffeasily,leavingthefleshintact.
巨峰葡萄是日本培育出的欧洲和美洲葡萄杂交品种。一开始在日本和中国很受欢迎，如今在世界各地都能见到。培育出巨峰葡萄的人将其命名为巨峰是为了纪念富士山。这种椭圆形的葡萄长度为2至4厘米。果皮深紫到紫黑，绿色的果肉很甜。籽和厚皮味苦，通常被抛弃。幸运的是，巨峰葡萄很好剥皮，果皮撕下后果肉完好无损。