1.海运费预付PP(FREIGHTPREPAID)即指海运费由发货人在起运港支付。
PP(FreightPrepaid)meansseafreightispaidbyshipperattheportofloading.
2.海运费到付CC(FREIGHTCOLLECT)即指海运费由收货人在目的港支付。
CC(FreightCollect)meansseafreightispaidbyconsigneeatportofdestination.
六、签单方式WayofSigning
1.正本提单OriginalBillofLading
正本提单为签发方出具的有签单章和签字的，有ORIGINAL标识的提单，一般是一式三份。由发货方寄往收货方，收货方凭正本提单提货。
TheoriginalB/Lhastheissuer’ssignatureandstamp,withORIGINALsign,normallyithasthreecopies.They’remailedbytheshippertotheconsignee,consigneeusethemtowithdrawthecargo.
2.电放提单TelexReleaseB/L
电放提单为应发货方要求（电放保函），提单签发方在提单上加盖电放章（SURRENDERED或TELEXRELEASED），并提供给收货方，收货方仅凭提单复印件即可提货。此时，由提单签发方向其目的港代理电报、传真或E-MAIL通知该票货物仅凭出示收货方身份即可放货。
TelexReleaseB/LisissuedbytheissueraccordingtoletterofguaranteebytheshipperwithSURRENDEREDorTELEXRELEASEDstampontheB/Ltotheconsignee,consigneeusestheB/Lcopytowithdrawthecargo.TheissueroftheB/Ltelegram,faxore-mailtheportofdestinationthatthiscargocanbewithdrawnwithconsigneeidentification.
3.海运运单Seawaybill
海运运单（SEAWAYBILL）是由船公司签发的货物承运单据，一般只签一份正本。收货人凭身份证明即可提货。因风险较大，很少使用。
Seawaybilliscargocarryingdocumentissuedbytheshipcompany,normallyonlyhasoneoriginalcopy.Theconsigneecantakethecargowithidentification.Becauseofthebigrisk,itisseldomused.
4.实际业务中倒签、预借提单的问题BackissuingandadvanceB/Lissuesinactualbusiness
由于信用证中所规定的装运期限已经过期，或信用证所规定的议付期限迫近，货物虽已交给承运人，但由于租订的船舶未能按时到达，承运人有可能应出口方的请求，提前出具该船名的"已装船"提单，出口方凭提单向银行议付货款。在这种情况下，由承运人或其代理人所签发的提单称之为"预借提单"。预借提单对承运人的风险极大，如果进口商发现提单是伪造的，其不仅可以拒付，而且有权追究承运人和出口方的法律责任。因此，一般情况下承运人不会同意签发预借提单。
DuetotheexpireofloadingdateintheL/CorL/Cpaymentnegotiateddateclosing,althoughthecargohasdeliveredtotheforwarder,shipmentbookedhasn’tarrivedontime,forwardermightbeaskedbytheexportertoforwardadvanceB/L,theexporternegotiateswithbankforwiringofthepaymentbytheadvancedB/L.Inthissituation,theB/Lissuedbycarrierorforwarderiscalled‘advancedB/L’.Thecarrier/forwardertakesgreatriskonadvanceB/L,iftheimporterfindsouttheB/Lisforged,notonlycouldherefusetopay,butalsohashimtherighttoinvestigateandaffixlegalliabilityoftheexporter.Sonormallythecarrierwon’tagreetoissueadvanceB/L.
BackissuingB/LisrequiredbyexportertocarrierorforwarderthatB/Lissuingdateearlierthantheactualloadingdate.ThisistomeettheloadingdateregulationintheL/C,asrequiredbytheexportertobackissuingtheB/Ldate,that’swhyit’scalledbackissuingB/L.ToissuethiskindofB/L,thecarrierwilltakethepossibleriskbyit.Butduetoseatransportandtraderequirements,undercertaincondition,forinstance,theissuingdateisaftertheshiparrivesinthedestinationport,ortheissuedcargoissmallcommodityratherthanbulkcargo,orbackissuingdateisnotlongfromloadingdate,andafterexporter’sletterofguarantee,thecarrierwillagreetoissue.
第二节海运出口操作流程Seafreightforwardingoperatingprocedure
一、接受货主询价AcceptShipperInquiry
1、海运询价：SeaTransportationInquiry
(1)需掌握发货港至各大洲，各大航线常用的，及货主常需服务的港口，价格；
Needtoknowtheshiplinesandpricesfromportofloadingtoallcontinents,andusualportsofshipper.
(2)主要船公司船期信息；Mainshipcompanyshippingscheduleinformation.
2、陆运询价：（人民币费用）LandTransportationInquiry:(RMBcharges)
(1)需掌握各大主要城市公里数和拖箱价格；(2)各港区装箱价格；
Needtoknowmileagetomaincitiesandcontainertollingprices.(2)Loadingpricesofallports.
二、接单（接受货主委托）OrderReceiving(ReceivingShipperBookingOrder)
接受货主委托后（一般为传真件）需明确的重点信息：
船期、箱型、箱量、船公司、起运港、目的港、运费条款、运输条款、毛重、货主联系方法等。
AfterreceivalofShipperbookingorder(Faxasnormal),thefollowinginformationshallbeconfirmed:
ShippingSchedule,containertype,containerquantity,shipcompany,loadingport,destinationport,freightterm,grossweight,shippercontactinformationandsoon.
三、订舱ShipSpaceBooking
1、缮制委托书；制单时应最大程度保证原始托单的数据正确、相符性，以减少后续过程的频繁更改。
Makebookingorderwithdataultimateconformancewiththeoriginalbookingorder,topreventdifficultyinfuturechanges.
2、取得配舱单，摘取船名、航次、提单号信息，发入货通知给委托人。
Gettheshipspaceorder,takeoutthevesselname,voyagenumberandB/Lnumberinformationandsendshippingordertoshipper.
四、做箱MakeContainerPlan
1、门到门：DoortoDoor
Fillingupthecontainerloadingplan:containerdoingtime,vesselname,B/Lnumber,destinationport,grossweight,terminaladdress,contactperson,phonenumber,factoryaddress,contactperson,phonenumberandsoon.Arrangetruck1-2daysbeforecustomscut-offdate(2daysbeforeETD).
2、内装：与场站确认好下货纸及放箱指令，要求委托人先于截关日（船期前两天）1~2天排好车班。
Interiorloading:makesureoftheshippingorderandcontainerreleaseorderwithterminal,askshippertoarrangetolltruck1-2daysbeforecustomscut-offdate(2daysbeforeETD).
3、填好两种做箱方法的装箱单也叫回箱单。
Thecontainerloadinglistofthetwowaysisalsocalledreturnedpackinglist.
五、报关（有时同时、有时先于做箱）
CustomsDeclaration(sometimesatthesametimewithcontainerplan,sometimeslater)
1、了解常出口货物报关所需资料。
Acquaintancewithcustomsdeclarationinformationforcommonexportcargo.
(1)需商检(2)需配额(3)需许可证(4)需产地证(5)需提供商会核价章等。
(1)Needcommercialinspection(2)NeedQuota(3)Needlicense(4)Needcertificateoforigin
(5)Needpricingstampfromchamberofcommerce.
2、填妥船名航次，提单号，对应装箱单(packinglist)，发票，所显示的毛重净重，件数，包装种类，金额，体积，审核报关单的正确性（单证一致）。
Fillinvesselnameandvoyagenumber,B/Lnumber,packinglist,invoice,grossweight,netweight,numberofpackage,kindofpackage,amountofmoney,volumeandconformanceofdocumentswithcustomsdeclaration.
2、显示报关单所载货物的“中文品名”，对照海关编码大全，查阅商品编码，审核两者是否相符，按编码确定计量单位，并根据海关所列之监管条件点阅所缺乏报关要件。
Show‘Chineseproductname’ofthecargoincustomsdeclaration,refertothecompleteHScodeforcommoditycode,seeifthetwoarethesame.Accordingtotheunitofmeasurementandregulatoryrequirementsofcustoms,checkthemissingcustomsdeclarationdocuments.
3、备妥报关委托书，报关单，发票，装箱单，核销单和其他所需资料，于截关前一天通关。
Preparecustomsdeclarationauthorizationletter,customsdeclarationmanifest,invoice,packinglist,verificationlistandotherrequiredmaterial,clearcustomsonedaybeforecustomscut-offdate.
4、跟踪场站收据，确保配载上船。
Followterminaldata,makesurethecontainerisonboardofship.
5、凡是退关改配的，若其中有下个航次，出运仍然需要，诸如许可证，配额，商检，动植检之类的文件资料，退关、改配通知应先于该配置船期一个星期到达，以便（报运部）顺利抽回资料，重新利用。
Forallreturnedcontainersfromcustoms,ifthere’snextvoyageforshipping,aslicense,quota,commercialinspection,animalandvegetationinspectionandotherfiles,returncustomsandvoyagechangeshallbearrivedoneweekbeforethenextvoyage,fortheconvenienceofretrievingfilestouseagain.
六、提单确认和修改B/LConfirmationandModification
1、问明顾客“提单”的发放形式：ConfirmwithcustomertheformofB/L
(1)电放：需顾客提供正本“电放保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司电放。
TelexRelease:Needcustomertosupplyformal‘TelexReleaseGuarantee’,andthensendthe‘Guarantee’toshipcompanyforTelexRelease.
(2)预借(如可行)：需顾客提供正本“预借保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司预借。
Advance(ifpracticable):Needcustomertosupplyformal‘AdvanceB/LGuarantee’,andthensendtoshipcompanyforAdvanceB/L.
(3)倒签(如可行)：需顾客提供正本“倒签保函”（留底），后出具公司“保函”到船公司倒签。
*此种情况下，多半是签发HOUSEB/L.
BackIssuing(ifpracticable):Needcustomertosupply‘BackIssuingB/LGuarantee’,thensendtoshipcompanyforbackissuingB/L.Inthissituation,mostissuedB/LsareHouseB/L.
RemoteB/Lrelease:Needapprovalbyshipcompany,shipperguarantee,remotecontactperson,phonenumber,fax,companyname,addressandsoon,soasthereleaseB/Lremotely.
2、依据原始资料，传真于货主确认，并根据回传确立提单正确内容。
Accordingtooriginalfiles,faxtoshipperforconfirmation,andmakesuretheB/Linformationiscorrect.
七、签单B/Lsigning
1、查看每张正本提单是否都签全了证章。2、是否需要手签。
1.CheckifeveryoriginalB/Lcopyisstampedall.2.Checkifhandsignature’sneeded.
八、航次费用结算Voyagechargesclearing
1、海运费Seafreight
(1)预付(FREIGHTPREPAID)(2)到付(FREIGHTCOLLECT)
2、陆运费Landtransportationcharge
(1)订舱(2)报关(包括返关之前己经报关的费用)(3)做箱(内装/门到门)
(1)Shipspacebooking(2)Customsdeclaration(includingcustomsdeclarationfeebeforecustomsreturn)(3)Containerplan(Interior/Doortodoor).
九、提单、发票发放（提单样本）B/LandInvoiceIssuing(B/Lcopy)
1、货主自来取件的,需签收IfshippercometofetchB/L,needsignature.
2、通过EMS和快递送达的,应在“名址单”,上标明诸如:“提单号”、“发票号”、“核销单号”等要素以备日后查证。
IfEMSorexpressisneeded,B/Lnumber,Invoicenumber,Verificationnumberandsoon,shouldbemarkedontheaddresslist.
十、应在一个月内督促航次费用的清算并及时返还货主的“核销退税单”
Shouldpushforclearanceofchargesforthevoyagewithinonemonthandreturntaxrebateformtoshipper.