CYTO-IDAutophagyDetectionKit使用新型染料检测自噬小泡和监控活细胞自噬流，选择性标记积累的自噬小泡。染料已通过优化，不染溶酶体，在自噬前体、自噬体和自噬溶酶体里呈现出明亮的荧光。该试剂盒提供了一种无需细胞转染，可以在活细胞中监控细胞自噬的快速定量方法。
CYTO-IDAutophagyDetectionKit
◆特点
●无需转染，定量监测活细胞中的自噬情况
●含有特殊基团的专利染料选择性地染色自噬小泡
●试剂盒中包含已知活性的自噬抑制剂与激活剂
●快速量化原生异质性细胞群中的自噬
●选择性地全方位染色，可检测和区分自噬流（autophagicflux）和自噬溶酶体的积累
●不染溶酶体，减少其他染料的背景干扰
●便于高通量筛选自噬激活剂和抑制剂
◆原理
胞内物质被扩大的膜囊包裹，吞噬泡形成双层膜囊泡，成为自噬体。自噬体外膜随后与溶酶体融合，和内部物质被自噬性溶酶体降解。自噬的各种调节因子也被描绘于图中。
自噬原理图
◆应用
省时省力，无需转染即可自快速全面的标记自噬小泡
为了演示CYTO-IDGreendetectionreagent的优势，先用RFP-LC3表达载体转染HeLa细胞，10μM的Tamoxifen处理过夜，然后用CYTO-ID绿色检测试剂染色。LC3转染法需要过夜，而CYTO-ID绿色检测试剂的方法在15-30分钟内标记细胞达100％。图A：绿信号显示自噬小泡的CYTO-ID绿染;图B：成功转染细胞的RFP-LC3表达（红色）;图C：自噬体的特异性标记LC3，与CYTO-ID绿色染料标记的小泡共定位的复合图像。
的发放
无转染的自噬检测
自噬积累和自噬流的可视化
可用荧光显微镜观察CYTO-ID自噬绿色染料检测的自噬液泡积累和自噬流。Hela细胞用以下试剂进行模拟诱导，0.2%DMSO（A）和100μMClonidinehydrochloride（B）进行诱导，5μMLoperamidehydrochloride和1μMPP242hydrate（D）在37°C诱导12小时。处理后，细胞在37℃下用CYTO-IDGreenDetectionreagent孵育10分钟，再用分析缓冲液清洗。细胞核被Hoechst33342染料复染为蓝色。
避免非特异性溶酶体染色的背景干扰
相比其他MDC染色溶酶体检测，CYTO-ID绿色染料无溶酶体染色背景，CYTO-IDAutophagykit无需紫外活细胞分析，在显微镜共标记应用中，与Hoechst染料兼容。
使用流式细胞仪通过CYTO-IDAutophagyDetectionKit分析自噬
对照组（红线峰值）无诱导，10uMTamoxifen(ALX-550-095)处理Jurkat细胞（白血病T细胞）（蓝线峰值）。处理18小时后，细胞结合CYTO-ID绿色检测试剂，然后不经过流式细胞仪清洗，进行分析。结果通过直方图呈现。对照组细胞被染色，但荧光亮度低。实验组中，CYTO-ID绿色荧光信号增加约2倍，表明Tamoxifen处理能引起Jurkat细胞中自噬的增加。
使用mTOR激酶抑制剂Rapamycin处理HepG2细胞孵育过夜，结果显示CYTO-ID染色信号升高。
CYTO-ID绿色染料大多与RFP-LC3蛋白共定位。0.1μMRapamycin（典型自噬诱导剂）处理过夜，转染Hela细胞表达RFP-LC3。A:CYTO-IDGreen染色；B:RFP-LC3；C:合成图像。
产品编号
产品名称
规格
备注
应用
ENZ-51002-25
ENZ-51002-100
ENZ-51021-K200
ENZ-52406
ENZ-CHM103-0200
ENZ-51015-KP002
ENZ-51035-0025
ENZ-51035-K100
处理
目的
效果
μM
细胞系
饥饿
抑制哺乳动物Rapamycin(mTOR)
激活自噬
N/A
1~4
HeLa,HepG2,Jurkat
Rapamycin
0.2
6~18
HeLa,Jurkat
PP242
mTORATP-竞争性抑制剂
1
18
HeLa
Lithium
抑制IMPase和降低inositol和IP3水平;mTOR依赖性
10,000
Trehalose
未知,mTOR依赖性
50,000
6
BafilomycinA1
抑制Vacuolar-ATPase
抑制自噬
6~9*10-3
Chloroquine
碱化LysosomalpH
10~50
Tamoxifen
增加细胞内ceramide的水平和消除PI3K的抑制效果
4~10
Verapamil
钙离子通道阻滞剂;降低胞浆内Ca2+水平;mTOR依赖性
40~100
HydroxyChloroquine
AlkalinizesLysosomalpH
10
Loperamide
Ca2+通道阻滞剂;降低胞浆内Ca2+浓度;mTOR依赖性
5
Clonidine
咪唑啉-1受体激动剂;降低cAMP水平;mTOR依赖性
100
MG-132
选择性蛋白酶抑制剂
2~5
Norclomipramine
5-20
Epoxomicin
诱导聚集体
0.5
Velcade
Amyloidbetapeptide1-42
引起氧化应激
25
SK-N-SH
Cyto-ID检测试剂盒Q&A
Q：是否可用荧光显微镜观察3D培养细胞的自噬？A：我们没有用该染料染过3D细胞，但是一小撮细胞是可以染色的。活体组织的话，由于染料的渗透性不好，不能进入样本的内部，所以效果不理想。染白细胞是可以。
Q：GFP-CertifiedTM细胞凋亡/坏死检测试剂盒（ENZ-51002），Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂盒(ENZ-51031)是否可以同时染色，检测细胞凋亡，坏死和自噬？A：GFP-CertifiedTM细胞凋亡/坏死检测试剂盒（ENZ-51002）和Cyto-ID检测试剂盒(ENZ-51031)不能配合使用，因为细胞凋亡和自噬检测的染料都发绿色荧光。这两个试剂盒可以平行使用。比如，用十字孢碱（Staurosporine）处理细胞，一部分样品用GFP-CertifiedTM细胞凋亡/坏死检测试剂盒检测，一部分样品用Cyto-ID检测试剂盒检测。
Q：Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂盒(ENZ-51031)的Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂能否与ProteoStat蛋白聚集检测（ENZ-51023）的ProteoStat检测试剂联合使用？A：Cyto-ID绿色自噬检测试剂与ProteoStat检测试剂发的荧光颜色不同，他们可用于同一实验，客户需要优化实验流程。
Q：与单丹磺酰尸胺(MDC)相比，Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂有哪些优势？A：MDC需要365nmUV荧光照明，与通常流式配置的488n激发源不兼容。Cyto-ID自噬染料是488nm激发波长，绿色的发射荧光，可以高亮自噬通道不同的液泡成分。需要注意的是，与lysomotrophic染料不同，MDC，LysoTrackerTMRed，吖啶橙主要是染溶酶体的，Cyto-ID自噬染料只能染一点点溶酶体，主要是染自噬溶酶体和早期自噬部分的选择标记物。
Q：Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂能否与其他染料配合使用，区分细胞核内体和自噬内涵体？A：Cyto-ID红色长期示踪剂染料（ENZ-51037）能够染细胞质膜，通过细胞内吞存在于细胞中。Cyto-ID红色染料与Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂能够高亮异体吞噬vs自噬。也可以Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂与Lyso-ID红色染料或者LysoTrackerTM红色染料进行活细胞染色，荧光显微镜观察。
Q：Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂的稳定性如何？A：荧光染料会发生光褪色，但是这种染料比荧光素更稳定。按照操作手册出来荧光染料。
Q：Cyto-ID自噬检测试剂盒染色后是否可固定细胞？A：在操作手册中提供了固定细胞的流程。不推荐用表面活性剂给细胞打孔，定位的荧光染料丢失。
Acomparisonofstrategiesforimmortalizingmouseembryonicfibroblasts:M.M.St.Amad,etal.;J.Biol.Methods3,e41(2016),Application(s):DetectedautophagyinductioninSV40transformedversusseriallypassedMEFs,全文
Astemizole-HistamineinducesBeclin-1-independentautophagybytargetingp53-dependentcrosstalkbetweenautophagyandapoptosis:R.Jakhar,etal.;CancerLett.372,89(2016),Application(s):Flowcytometryanalysis,摘要;
Autophagy-relatedgene5andWnt5signalingpathwayrequiresdifferentiationofembryonicstemcellsintoodontoblast-likecells:N.Ozeki,etal.;Exp.CellRes.341,92(2016),Application(s):Autophagyflux,摘要;
DHA-inducedstressresponseinhumancoloncancercells-focusonoxidativestressandautophagy:K.Pettersen,etal.;FreeRadic.Biol.Med.90,158(2016),Application(s):Autophagydeterminedbyflowcytometry,摘要;
DiosgenininducesROS-dependentautophagyandcytotoxicityviamTORsignalingpathwayinchronicmyeloidleukemiacells:S.Jiang,etal.;Phytomedicine23,243(2016),Application(s):Confocalimmunofluorescence,摘要;
Efavirenzcausesoxidativestress,endoplasmicreticulumstress,andautophagyinendothelialcells:M.Weiss,etal.;Cardiovasc.Toxicol.16,90(2016),摘要;
MiR-193bpromotesautophagyandnon-apoptoticcelldeathinoesophagealcancercells:M.J.Nyhan,etal.;BMCCancer16,101(2016),Application(s):Assayusedtostainlivecells,摘要;全文
(Pro)reninreceptorregulatesautophagyandapoptosisinpodocytesexposedtohighglucose:C.Li,etal.;Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab.309,E302(2015),Application(s):Confocalmicroscopyusingmousepodocytes,摘要;
Arapidandhighcontentassaythatmeasurescyto-ID-stainedautophagiccompartmentsandestimatesautophagyfluxwithpotentialclinicalapplications:S.Guo,etal.;Autophagy11,560(2015),Application(s):Fluorescentdetection,MicroplateReader,摘要;全文
ASystemsApproachIdentifiesEssentialFOXO3FunctionsatKeyStepsofTerminalErythropoiesis:R.Liang,etal.;PLoSGenet.11,e1005526(2015),Application(s):Autophagyfluxmeasuredbyflowcytometry,摘要;全文
ABT-888enhancescytotoxiceffectsoftemozolomideindependentofMGMTstatusinserumfreeculturedgliomacells:R.K.Balvers,etal.;J.Transl.Med.13,74(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Activationofautophagyinresponsetonanosecondpulsedelectricfieldexposure:J.C.Ullery,etal.;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.458,411(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingU937monocyteandCHO-K1celllines,摘要;
Aflatoxinbiosynthesisisanovelsourceofreactiveoxygenspecies-apotentialredoxsignaltoinitiateresistancetooxidativestress:L.V.Roze,etal.;Toxins(Basel).7,1411(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Alisertibinducescellcyclearrestandautophagyandsuppressesepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransitioninvolvingPI3K/Akt/mTORandsirtuin1-mediatedsignalingpathwaysinhumanpancreaticcancercells:F.Wang,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,575(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingPANC-1andBxPC-3pancreaticcancercelllines,摘要;全文
Alisertib,anAurorakinaseAinhibitor,inducesapoptosisandautophagybutinhibitsepithelialtomesenchymaltransitioninhumanepithelialovariancancer:Y.H.Ding,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,425(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingSKOV3andOVCAR-4ovariancancercelllines,摘要;全文
AndrographolideAnalogueInducesApoptosisandAutophagyMediatedCellDeathinU937CellsbyInhibitionofPI3K/Akt/mTORPathway:D.Kumar,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0139657(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometricanalysisofCyto-IDGreenDetectionReagent,摘要;全文
ApoptoticCellDeathInducedbyResveratrolIsPartiallyMediatedbytheAutophagyPathwayinHumanOvarianCancerCells:F.Lang,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0129196(2015),Application(s):LiveCellImaging,摘要;全文
AraguspongineCinducesautophagicdeathinbreastcancercellsthroughsuppressionofc-MetandHER2receptortyrosinekinasesignaling:M.R.Akl,etal.;Mar.Drugs13,288(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingBT-474breastcancercellline,摘要;全文
AutocrineVEGFmaintainsendothelialsurvivalthroughregulationofmetabolismandautophagy:C.K.Domigan,etal.;J.Cell.Sci.128,2236(2015),摘要;
Autophagyisactivatedinsystemiclupuserythematosusandrequiredforplasmablastdevelopment:A.J.Clarke,etal.;Ann.Rheum.Dis.74,912(2015),摘要;全文
Autophagylimitsproliferationandglycolyticmetabolisminacutemyeloidleukemia:A.S.Watson,etal.;CellDeathDiscov.1,15008(2015),Application(s):CytoIDassayinhumanandmouseHSCs,摘要;全文
BaicalininhibitsautophagyinducedbyinfluenzaAvirusH3N2:H.Y.Zhu,etal.;AntiviralRes.113,62(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingA549humanlungcancercellline,摘要;
Bardoxolonemethylinducesapoptosisandautophagyandinhibitsepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransitionandstemnessinesophagealsquamouscancercells:Y.Y.Wang,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,993(2015),Application(s):FlowCytometry,摘要;全文
Cell-penetratingpeptidederivedfromhumaneosinophilcationicproteininhibitsmiteallergenDerp2inducedinflammasomeactivation:S.J.Yu,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0121393(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryofTHP-1leukemiacellline,摘要;全文
ChemoproteomicsRevealsNovelProteinandLipidKinaseTargetsofClinicalCDK4/6InhibitorsinLungCancer:N.J.Sumi,etal.;ACSChem.Biol.10,2680(2015),Application(s):Quantificationofautophagosomes,摘要;
CirculatinghemocytesfromlarvaeoftheJapaneserhinocerosbeetleAllomyrinadichotoma(Linnaeus)(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)andthecellularimmuneresponsetomicroorganisms:S.Hwang,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0128519(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusinghemocytesfromJapaneserhinocerosbeetleAllomyrinadichotomalarvae,摘要;全文
CitreoviridininducesROS-dependentautophagiccelldeathinhumanliverHepG2cells:Y.N.Liu,etal.;Toxicon.95,30(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingHepG2cellline,摘要;
Clozapineinducesautophagiccelldeathinnon-smallcelllungcancercells:Y.C.Yin,etal.;Cell.Physiol.Biochem.35,945(2015),摘要;
CoffeeandcaffeinepotentiatetheantiamyloidogenicactivityofmelatoninviainhibitionofAβoligomerizationandmodulationoftheTau-mediatedpathwayinN2a/APPcells:L.F.Zhang,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,241(2015),Application(s):FlowCytometry,摘要;全文
CombinationofthemTORinhibitorRAD001withtemozolomideandradiationeffectivelyinhibitsthegrowthofglioblastomacellsinculture:H.Burckel,etal.;Oncol.Rep.33,471(2015),摘要;
DanusertibInducesApoptosis,CellCycleArrest,andAutophagybutInhibitsEpithelialtoMesenchymalTransitionInvolvingPI3K/Akt/mTORSignalingPathwayinHumanOvarianCancerCells:D.Zi,etal.;Int.J.Mol.Sci.16,27228(2015),Application(s):Confocalfluorescencemicroscopy,摘要;全文
Danusertib,apotentpan-AurorakinaseandABLkinaseinhibitor,inducescellcyclearrestandprogrammedcelldeathandinhibitsepithelialtomesenchymaltransitioninvolvingthePI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediatedsignalingpathwayinhumangastriccancerAGSandNCI-N78cells:C.X.Yuan,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1293(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingAGSandNCI-N78gastriccancercelllines,摘要;全文
DefectiveautophagyinvascularsmoothmusclecellsalterscontractilityandCa2homeostasisinmice:C.F.Michiels,etal.;Am.J.Physiol.HeartCirc.Physiol.308,H557(2015),摘要;
EffectsofcyclodextrinsonGM1‐gangliosidesinfibroblastsfromGM1‐gangliosidosispatients:Y.Maeda,etal.;J.Pharm.Pharmacol.67,1133(2015),摘要;
Enduranceexercisetraininginducesfatdepot-specificdifferencesinbasalautophagicactivity:G.Tanaka,etal.;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.466,512(2015),Application(s):Detecttheformationofautophagosomes,摘要;
ErbinisanovelsubstrateoftheSag-βTrCPE3ligasethatregulatesKrasG12D-inducedskintumorigenesis:C.M.Xie,etal.;J.Cell.Biol.209,721(2015),摘要;
EvaluationofAntitumorEffectsofFolate-ConjugatedMethyl-β-cyclodextrininMelanoma:K.Motoyama,etal.;Biol.Pharm.Bull.38,374(2015),Application(s):FluorescenceMicroscopy,摘要;全文
ExchangeproteindirectlyactivatedbycAMP1promotesautophagyduringcardiomyocytehypertrophy:A.C.Laurent,etal.;Cardiovasc.Res.105,55(2015),Application(s):Fluorescencemicroscopyusingratneonatalventricularmyocytes,摘要;
Glutathione-S-transferaseomega1(GSTO1-1)actsasmediatorofsignalingpathwaysinvolvedinaflatoxinB1-inducedapoptosis-autophagycrosstalkinmacrophages:S.Paul,etal.;FreeRadic.Biol.Med.89,1218(2015),Application(s):Determinationofautophagywithimmunocytochemistry,摘要;
GMI,animmunomodulatoryproteinfromGanodermamicrosporum,potentiatescisplatin-inducedapoptosisviaautophagyinlungcancercells:I.L.Hsin,etal.;Mol.Pharm.12,1534(2015),摘要;
Inductionofapoptosisandautophagyviasirtuin1-andPI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediatedpathwaysbyplumbagininhumanprostatecancercells:Z.W.Zhou,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1511(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Inductionofautophagyisakeycomponentofall-trans-retinoicacid-induceddifferentiationinleukemiacellsandapotentialtargetforpharmacologicmodulation:N.Orfali,etal.;Exp.Hematol.43,781(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryanalysisofNB4andHL60promyelocyticleukemiacelllines,摘要;
InhibitionofAutophagyPotentiatedtheAntitumorEffectofNedaplatininCisplatin-ResistantNasopharyngealCarcinomaCells:Z.Liu,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0135236(2015),Application(s):Cellculture,摘要;全文
InhibitionofmitoticAurorakinaseAbyalisertibinducesapoptosisandautophagyofhumangastriccancerAGSandNCI-N78cells:C.X.Yuan,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,487(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingAGSandNCI-N78gastriccancercelllines,摘要;全文
InterferonRegulatoryFactor-1signalingregulatestheswitchbetweenautophagyandapoptosistodeterminebreastcancercellfate:J.L.Schwartz-Roberts,etal.;CancerRes.75,1046(2015),摘要;
InterplayofOxidativeStressandAutophagyinPAMAMDendrimers-InducedNeuronalCellDeath:Y.Li,etal.;Theranostics5,1363(2015),Application(s):Confocalfluorescenceassay,摘要;全文
InvariantNKTcellsrequireautophagytocoordinateproliferationandsurvivalsignalsduringdifferentiation:B.Pei,etal.;J.Immunol.194,5872(2015),摘要;
Involvementoffishsignaltransducerandactivatoroftranscription3(STAT3)innodavirusinfectioninducedcelldeath:Y.Huang,etal.;FishShellfishImmunol.43,241(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyofGrouper(fish)braincells,摘要;
Istheautophagyafriendorfoeinthesilvernanoparticlesassociatedradiotherapyforglioma:H.Wu,etal.;Biomaterials62,47(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingU251humangliomacellline,摘要;
KLF4-SQSTM1/p62-associatedprosurvivalautophagycontributestocarfilzomibresistanceinmultiplemyelomamodels:I.Riz,etal.;Oncotarget6,17814(2015),Application(s):FACS,摘要;全文
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcusaureusAdaptationtoHumanKeratinocytes:G.Soong,etal.;MBio.6,e00289-15(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Mevalonatepathwayregulatescellsizehomeostasisandproteostasisthroughautophagy:T.P.Miettinen,etal.;CellRep.13,2610(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryanalysisofautophagyusingJurkat,U2OS,Kc167andHUVECcells,摘要;
MiR-29breplacementinhibitsproteasomesanddisruptsaggresome+autophagosomeformationtoenhancetheantimyelomabenefitofbortezomib:S.Jagannathan,etal.;Leukemia29,727(2015),Application(s):Detectionofautophagybyfluorescencemicroscopyinmultiplemyelomacelllines,摘要;全文
MolecularchaperoneGRP78enhancesaggresomedeliverytoautophagosomestopromotedrugresistanceinmultiplemyeloma:M.A.AbdelMalek,etal.;Oncotarget6,3098(2015),Application(s):ConfocalMicroscopy,摘要;全文
Molecularcloningandcharacterizationofautophagy-relatedgeneTmATG8inListeria-invadedhemocytesofTenebriomolitor:H.Tindwa,etal.;Dev.Comp.Immunol.51,88(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusinghemocytesfromTenebriomolitorlarvae,摘要;
Molecularpathwayofnear-infraredlaserphototoxicityinvolvesATF-4orchestratedERstress:I.Khan,etal.;Sci.Rep.5,10581(2015),Application(s):Fluorescencemicroscopyautophagyassay,摘要;全文
N-MycandSTATInteractorregulatesautophagyandchemosensitivityinbreastcancercells:B.J.Metge,etal.;Sci.Rep.5,11995(2015),Application(s):Fluorescentdetection,摘要;全文
NovelautophagyinducerslentztrehalosesA,BandC:S.I.Wada,etal.;J.Antibiot.(Tokyo)68,521(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingMewomelanomaandOVK18ovariancancercelllines,摘要;
Novelsmall-moleculeSIRT1inhibitorsinducecelldeathinadultT-cellleukaemiacells:T.Kozako,etal.;Sci.Rep.5,11345(2015),Application(s):Flowcytometryusingavarietyofcancercelllines,摘要;全文
NoveltargetingofPEGylatedliposomesforcodeliveryofTGF-β1siRNAandfourantituberculardrugstohumanmacrophagesforthetreatmentofmycobacterialinfection:aquantitativeproteomicstudy:N.Niu,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,4441(2015),Application(s):Autophagyofhumanmacrophagesbyflowcytometry,摘要;
Paraptosiscelldeathinductionbythethiamineanalogbenfotiamineinleukemiacells:N.Sugimori,etal.;PLoSOne10,e0120709(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingHL60leukemiacellline,摘要;全文
PlumbagininducesG2/Marrest,apoptosis,andautophagyviap38MAPK-andPI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediatedpathwaysinhumantonguesquamouscellcarcinomacells:S.T.Pan,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1601(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Pro-apoptoticandpro-autophagiceffectsoftheAurorakinaseAinhibitoralisertib(MLN8237)onhumanosteosarcomaU-2OSandMG-63cellsthroughtheactivationofmitochondria-mediatedpathwayandinhibitionofp38MAPK/PI3K/Akt/mTORsignalingpathway:N.K.Niu,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1555(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
ReducedFoxO3aexpressioncauseslowautophagyinidiopathicpulmonaryfibrosisfibroblastsoncollagenmatrix:J.Im,etal.;Am.J.Physiol.LungCell.Mol.Physiol.309,L552(2015),摘要;
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-competitiveinhibitorsofthehistonemethyltransferaseEZH2induceautophagyandenhancedrugsensitivityincancercells:T.P.Liu,etal.;AnticancerDrugs26,139(2015),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingMDA-MB-231breastcancercellline,摘要;全文
SchisandrinBinhibitscellgrowthandinducescellularapoptosisandautophagyinmousehepatocytesandmacrophages:implicationsforitshepatotoxicity:Y.Zhang,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,2001(2015),Application(s):FlowcytometryusingAML-12hepatocyteandRAW264.7leukemiacelllines,摘要;全文
Src/STAT3-dependenthemeoxygenase-1inductionmediateschemoresistanceofbreastcancercellstodoxorubicinbypromotingautophagy:Q.Tan,etal.;CancerSci.106,1023(2015),摘要;
TheCCL2chemokineisanegativeregulatorofautophagyandnecrosisinluminalBbreastcancercells:W.B.Fang,etal.;BreastCancerRes.Treat.150,309(2015),摘要;
TheinvestigationalAurorakinaseAinhibitoralisertib(MLN8237)inducescellcycleG2/Marrest,apoptosis,andautophagyviap38MAPKandAkt/mTORsignalingpathwaysinhumanbreastcancercells:J.P.Li,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1627(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Thepan-inhibitorofAurorakinasesdanusertibinducesapoptosisandautophagyandsuppressesepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransitioninhumanbreastcancercells:J.P.Li,etal.;DrugDes.Devel.Ther.9,1027(2015),Application(s):Assay,摘要;全文
Theroleofautophagyinthecytotoxicityinducedbyrecombinanthumanarginaseinlaryngealsquamouscellcarcinoma:C.Lin,etal.;Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.99,8487(2015),摘要;
ANovelCXCR3-BChemokineReceptor-inducedGrowth-inhibitorySignalinCancerCellsIsMediatedthroughtheRegulationofBach-1ProteinandNrf2ProteinNuclearTranslocation:M.Balan&S.Pal;J.Biol.Chem.289,3126(2014),Application(s):MonitorautophagyinMCF-7andT47Dbreastcancercellsbyflowcytometryandfluorescencemicroscopy,摘要;
Adaptiveresponsestoglucoserestrictionenhancecellsurvival,antioxidantcapability,andautophagyoftheprotozoanparasiteTrichomonasvaginalis:K.Y.Huang,etal.;Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1840,53(2014),摘要;
Autophagyinthebrainofneonatesfollowinghypoxia-ischemiashowssex-andregion-specificeffects:S.N.Weis,etal.;Neuroscience256,201(2014),摘要;
Cannabinoid-inducedautophagyregulatessuppressorofcytokinesignaling-3inintestinalepithelium:L.C.Koay,etal.;Am.J.Physiol.Gastrointest.LiverPhysiol.307,G140(2014),Application(s):DetectionofautophagyinhumancolonicepithelialcelllineCaco-2byConfocalimaging,摘要;全文
Caveolin-1IsaCriticalDeterminantofAutophagy,MetabolicSwitching,andOxidativeStressinVascularEndothelium:T.Shiroto,etal.;PLoSOne9,e87871(2014),摘要;全文
Connectivetissuediseases:HowdoautoreactiveBcellssurviveinSLE-autophagy:N.J.Bernard;Nat.Rev.Rheumatol.10,128(2014),(Review),摘要;
DefectiveAutophagosomeTraffickingContributestoImpairedAutophagicFluxinCoronaryArterialMyocytesLackingCD38Gene:Y.Zhang,etal.;Cardiovasc.Res.102,68(2014),摘要;
Defectsinmitochondrialclearancepredisposehumanmonocytestointerleukin-1βhyper-secretion:R.vanderBurgh,etal.;J.Biol.Chem.289,5000(2014),摘要;全文
Earlybiomarkersofresponsetocarfilzomibinmultiplemyeloma(MM):ModulationofCXCR4andinductionofautophagy:M.Bhutani,etal.;J.Clin.Oncol.32,e19572(2014),Application(s):QuantificationofautophagyinmalignantplasmacellsfrombonemarrowaspiratesbyflowcytometrywiththeCyto-IDautophagydetectionkit,
Enhancementofdynein-mediatedautophagosometraffickingandautophagymaturationbyROSinmousecoronaryarterialmyocytes:M.Xu,etal.;J.Cell.Mol.Med.18,2165(2014),摘要;全文
FlowCytometricAnalysisofAutophagicActivitywithCyto-IDStaininginPrimaryCells:M.Stankov,etal.;Bio-Protocol(2014),Application(s):FCinprimaryBMDCs,全文
High-ContentAssaysforHepatotoxicityUsingInducedPluripotentStemCell-DerivedCells:O.Sirenko,etal.;AssayDrugDev.Technol.12,43(2014),摘要;全文
Histonedeacetylaseinhibitorsinduceapoptosisinmyeloidleukemiabysuppressingautophagy:M.V.Stankov,etal.;Leukemia28,577(2014),摘要;
HistonedeacetylaseinhibitorspotentiateVSVoncolysisinprostatecancercellsbymodulatingNF-κBdependentautophagy:L.Shulak,etal.;J.Virol.88,2927(2014),摘要;
Invitroandinvivocharacterizationofporcineacellulardermalmatrixforgingivalaugmentationprocedures:A.M.Pabst,etal.;J.Periodontal.Res.49,371(2014),摘要;
InhibitionofAutophagicFluxbySalinomycinResultsinAnti-CancerEffectinHepatocellularCarcinomaCells:J.Klose,etal.;PLoSOne9,e95970(2014),Application(s):Autophagydetectioninhumanhepatocellularcarcinoma,摘要;全文
Involvementofautophagyinrecombinanthumanarginase-inducedcellapoptosisandgrowthinhibitionofmalignantmelanomacells:Z.Wang,etal.;Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.98,2485(2014),摘要;
MiR-216a:alinkbetweenendothelialdysfunctionandautophagy:R.Menghini,etal.;CellDeathDis.5,e1029(2014),摘要;
Novelestradiolanalogueinducesapoptosisandautophagyinesophagealcarcinomacells:E.Wolmarans,etal.;Cell.Mol.Biol.Lett.19,98(2014),Application(s):AutophagydetectioninesophagealcarcinomaSNOcell,摘要;
Novelsorafenib-basedstructuralanalogues:in-vitroanticancerevaluationoft-MTUCBandt-AUCMB:A.T.Wecksler,etal.;AnticancerDrugs25,433(2014),摘要;
Photodynamictherapywiththenovelphotosensitizerchlorophyllinfinducesapoptosisandautophagyinhumanbladdercancercells:D.Lihuan,etal.;LasersSurg.Med.46,319(2014),摘要;
PlumbagininducesapoptoticandautophagiccelldeaththroughinhibitionofthePI3K/Akt/mTORpathwayinhumannon-smallcelllungcancercells:Y.C.Li,etal.;CancerLett.344,239(2014),摘要;
Potentialofadenovirus-mediatedREIC/Dkk-3genetherapyforuseinthetreatmentofpancreaticcancer:D.Uchida,etal.;J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.29,973(2014),摘要;
Sirt1modulatesendoplasmicreticulumstress-inducedautophagyinheart:A.Guilbert,etal.;Cardiovasc.Res.103(suppl1),S13(2014),Application(s):EvaluationofAutophagyinH9c2cells,ratcardiomyoblastsbyflowcytometry,全文
STAT3downregulatesLC3toinhibitautophagyandpancreaticcancercellgrowth:J.Gong,etal.;Oncotarget5,2529(2014),Application(s):AutophagicvacuoleformationwasdetectedbymicroscopyandautophagosomeformationwasdeterminedbyflowcytometryinhumanpancreaticcancercellsCapan-2,摘要;全文
T-CellAutophagyDeficiencyIncreasesMortalityandSuppressesImmuneResponsesafterSepsis:C.W.Lin,etal.;PLoSOne9,e102066(2014),Application(s):QuantificationofautophagosomesandautolysosomesstaininginCD4+andCD8+cellpopulationbyflowcytometry,摘要;全文
Tetracyclinescausecellstress-dependentATF4activationandmTORinhibition:A.Brüning,etal.;Exp.CellRes.320,281(2014),摘要;
ThecoreautophagyproteinATG4BisapotentialbiomarkerandtherapeutictargetinCMLstem/progenitorcells:K.Rothe,etal.;Blood123,3622(2014),Application(s):Monitorautophagyfluxinhematopoieticstem/progenitorcells,摘要;
Androgendeprivationandandrogenreceptorcompetitionbybicalutamideinduceautophagyofhormone-resistantprostatecancercellsandconferresistancetoapoptosis:B.Boutin,etal.;Prostate73,1090(2013),Application(s):Measurementofautophagicfluxinprostatecancercells,摘要;
Arenobufagin,anaturalbufadienolidefromtoadvonem,inducesapoptosisandautophagyinhumanhepatocellularcarcinomacellsthroughinhibitionofPI3K/Akt/mTORpathway:D.M.Zhang,etal.;Carcinogenesis34,1331(2013),Application(s):Autophagydetectioninhepatocellularcarcinoma,摘要;
BCL-2inhibitorssensitizetherapy-resistantchroniclymphocyticleukemiacellstoVSVoncolysis:S.Samuel,etal.;Mol.Ther.21,1413(2013),摘要;
BleomycinexertsambivalentantitumorimmuneeffectbytriggeringbothimmunogeniccelldeathandproliferationofregulatoryTcells:H.Bugaut,etal.;PLoSOne8,e65181(2013),Application(s):Measurementofautophagybyflowcytometryandfluorescencemicroscopy,摘要;全文
Celecoxibenhancesradiosensitivityofhypoxicglioblastomacellsthroughendoplasmicreticulumstress:K.Suzuki,etal.;Neuro.Oncol.15,1186(2013),摘要;
ChloroquineEngagestheImmuneSystemtoEradicateIrradiatedBreastTumorsinMice:J.A.Ratikan,etal.;Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.87,761(2013),摘要;
DietaryResveratrolPreventsDevelopmentofHigh-GradeProstaticIntraepithelialNeoplasticLesions:InvolvementofSIRT1/S6KAxis:G.Li,etal.;CancerPrev.Res6,27(2013),Application(s):EffectsofResveratrolonprostatetumorigenesis,摘要;
EnhancementofautophagybysimvastatinthroughinhibitionofRac1-mTORsignalingpathwayincoronaryarterialmyocytes:Y.M.Wei,etal.;Cell.Physiol.Biochem.31,925(2013),摘要;全文
GX15-070(obatoclax)inducesapoptosisandinhibitscathepsinDandLmediatedautophagosomallysisinantiestrogenresistantbreastcancercells:J.L.Schwartz-Roberts,etal.;Mol.CancerTher.12,448(2013),Application(s):Autophagydetectioninbreastcancercells,摘要;
HydroxychloroquinepreferentiallyinducesapoptosisofCD45RO+effectorTcellsbyinhibitingautophagy:ApossiblemechanismfortherapeuticmodulationofTcells:J.vanLoodregt,etal.;J.AllergyClin.Immunol.131,1443(2013),Application(s):DetectionofautophagyinCD4+TcellsandPBMCbyflowcytometry,摘要;全文
Interactionsbetweenautophagicandendo-lysosomalmarkersinendothelialcells:C.L.Oeste,etal.;Histochem.Cell.Biol.139,659(2013),摘要;
Involvementofcholesteroldepletionfromlipidraftsinapoptosisinducedbymethyl-β-cyclodextrin:R.Onodera,etal.;Int.J.Pharm.452,116(2013),Application(s):Measurementofautophagybyfluorescencemicroscopy,摘要;
ISG15deregulatesautophagyingenotoxin-treatedataxiatelangiectasiacells:S.D.Desai,etal.;J.Biol.Chem.288,2388(2013),Application(s):FluorescencemicroscopyusingAtaxiaTelangiectasiacells,摘要;全文
Lysosomalbasificationanddecreasedautophagicfluxinoxidativelystressedtrabecularmeshworkcells:Implicationsforglaucomapathogenesis:K.Porter,etal.;Autophagy9,581(2013),Application(s):AutophagydetectionbyflowcytometryinporcineTMcells,摘要;全文
NelfinavirandbortezomibinhibitmTORactivityviaATF4-mediatedsestrin-2regulation:A.Brüning;Mol.Oncol.7,1012(2013),摘要;
Regulationofautophagicfluxbydynein-mediatedautophagosomestraffickinginmousecoronaryarterialmyocytes:M.Xu,etal.;Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1833,3228(2013),摘要;
Renalcancer-selectiveEnglerinAinducesmultiplemechanismsofcelldeathandautophagy:R.T.Williams,etal.;J.Exp.Clin.CancerRes.32,57(2013),Application(s):Flowcytometryandimmunofluorescenceofahumankidneycarcinomacellline,摘要;全文
SaxifragifolinDinducestheinterplaybetweenapoptosisandautophagyinbreastcancercellsthroughROS-dependentendoplasmicreticulumstress:J.M.Shi,etal.;Biochem.Pharmacol.85,913(2013),Application(s):Autophagydetectionbyflowcytometryinbreastcancercells,摘要;
Suppressionofautophagyenhancedgrowthinhibitionandapoptosisofinterferon-βinhumangliomacells:Y.Li,etal.;Mol.Neurobiol.47,1000(2013),摘要;
Survivalanddeathstrategiesingliomacells:autophagy,senescenceandapoptosistriggeredbyasingletypeoftemozolomide-inducedDNAdamage:A.V.Knizhnik,etal.;PLoSOne8,e55665(2013),Application(s):Autophagydetectionbyflowcytometryingliomacells,摘要;全文
TheeffectofZhangfeiontheunfoldedproteinresponseandgrowthofcellsderivedfromcanineandhumanosteosarcomas:T.Bergeron,etal.;Vet.Comp.Oncol.11,140(2013),Application(s):Detectionofautophagyinhumanandcanineosteosarcoma,摘要;
ThemTORinhibitorRAD001potentiatesautophagiccelldeathinducedbytemozolomideinaglioblastomacellline:E.Josset,etal.;AnticancerRes.33,1845(2013),摘要;
TherapeuticCombinationofNanoliposomalSafingolandNanoliposomalCeramideforAcuteMyeloidLeukemia:T.J.Brown,etal.;J.Leuk.1,110(2013),Application(s):DetectionofautophagybyflowcytometryinHumanHL-60,HL-60/VCR,andmurineC1498cells,全文
TypeIinterferonsinduceautophagyincertainhumancancercelllines:H.Schmeisser,etal.;Autophagy9,683(2013),Application(s):AutophagydetectionintypeIinterferon-treatedhumancancercelllines,摘要;
Anovelimage-basedcytometrymethodforautophagydetectioninlivingcells:L.L.Chan,etal.;Autophagy8,1371(2012),摘要;全文
Apoptosisandautophagyhaveoppositerolesonimatinib-inducedK562leukemiacellsenescence:C.Drullion,etal.;CellDeathDis.3,e373(2012),Application(s):FlowcytometryofhumanCMLcellstreatedwithImatinib,摘要;全文
Counteractingautophagyovercomesresistancetoeverolimusinmantlecelllymphoma:L.Rosich,etal.;Clin.CancerRes.18,5278(2012),摘要;全文
HemeOxygenase-1PromotesSurvivalofRenalCancerCellsthroughModulationofApoptosis-andAutophagy-regulatingMolecules:P.Banerjee,etal.;J.Biol.Chem.287,4962(2012),Application(s):Detectionofautophagyinhumanrenalcancercells,摘要;
Inhibitionofmonocarboxylatetransporter2inducessenescence-associatedmitochondrialdysfunctionandsuppressesprogressionofcolorectalmalignanciesinvivo:I.Lee,etal.;Mol.CancerTher.11,2342(2012),摘要;全文
MechanismfortheinductionofcelldeathinONS-76medulloblastomacellsbyZhangfei/CREB-ZF:T.W.Bodnarchuk,etal.;J.Neurooncol.109,485(2012),Application(s):Detectionofautophagyinmedulloblastomacells,摘要;
ProteasomeinhibitionbyquercetintriggersmacroautophagyandblocksmToractivity:A.K.Klappan,etal.;Histochem.CellBiol.137,25(2012),摘要;
Reovirusasaviabletherapeuticoptionforthetreatmentofmultiplemyeloma:C.M.Thirukkumaran,etal.;Clin.CancerRes.18,4962(2012),Application(s):Detectionofautophagyinhumanmyelomacelllinesandexvivotumorspecimens,摘要;
SrcinhibitionwithsaracatinibreversesfulvestrantresistanceinER-positiveovariancancermodelsinvitroandinvivo:F.A.Simpkins,etal.;Clin.CancerRes.18,5911(2012),Application(s):Detectionofautophagyinhumanovariancancercellsandxenografts,摘要;
FoxM1knockdownsensitizeshumancancercellstoproteasomeinhibitor-inducedapoptosisbutnottoautophagy:B.Pandit,etal.;CellCycle10,3269(2011),Application(s):Flowcytometryusinghumancancercells,摘要;全文
MonitoringofautophagyinChinesehamsterovarycellsusingflowcytometry:J.S.Lee,etal.;Methods56(3),375(2011),摘要;
Selectiveanticanceractivityofahexapeptidewithsequencehomologytoanon-kinasedomainofCyclinDependentKinase4:H.M.Warenius,etal.;Mol.Cancer10,72(2011),摘要;
Silibinintriggersapoptoticsignalingpathwaysandautophagicsurvivalresponseinhumancolonadenocarcinomacellsandtheirderivedmetastaticcells:H.Kauntz,etal.;Apoptosis16,1042(2011),摘要;