Whilefeweconomistsexpectthepastyear’sbreakneckpriceincreasestocontinue,thequestioniswhetherthetrendtowardatleastslightlypriciergoodswilllast.
虽然很少有经济学家预计过去一年的物价飞速上涨会持续下去，但问题是，（即使不会飞速增长，）商品价格是否会以一种更缓慢的速度持续升高？
1.breakneck:extremelyandoftendangerouslyfast
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Manypeoplehavepreconceivednotionsaboutdifferentdogbreeds’behavioralquirks.Goldenretrieversareseenasplayfulandaffectionate,andpitbullscanbeviewedashostileandaggressive.Chihuahuasarelabeledyappyandtemperamental,whereasbulldogsaredescribedaseasygoingandsociable.
很多人对不同品种的狗的行为怪癖有先入为主的成见。人们认为金毛寻回犬是顽皮且热情的，而比特犬则是对人有敌意且攻击性强的。吉娃娃则被贴上了爱叫和喜怒无常的标签，而牛头犬被形容为随和、社交性强的狗。
Thesebehavioralstereotypesareingrainedinhowmanyviewbreeds,fromGreatDanestoshihtzus.“Everysinglebookaboutbreedstellsyouthatselectingabreedisthemostimportantthingtoconsiderwhenyou’regettingadog.”ButinanewstudypublishedonThursdayinScience,Morrillandhercolleaguesshowthatadog’sbreedisnotagoodpredictorofbehavior.Theyproposethatmostbehavioraltrendsindogtypespredatemodernbreeding,whichprimarilyalteredphysicalappearance.
从大丹犬到西施犬，人们对狗的行为的刻板印象根深蒂固。“每一本有关狗的品种的书都告诉你，养狗时最重要的一件事就是选择品种。”但周四发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究中，莫里尔和她的同事们表示，狗的品种并不能很好地预示狗的行为。他们认为，不同犬类的大多数行为特征要追溯到现代育种之前，现代育种主要改变的是狗的外貌。
AfterrunningthesurveydataandsequencedDNAthroughabatteryofstatisticalanalyses,Morrillandherco-authorsidentified11geneticregionsstronglyassociatedwithdogbehavior,suchashowlingfrequencyandsociabilitywithhumans.Butnoneofthesebehavioralregionswasspecifictoanyoneofthe78breedsexaminedinthestudy.Eventhebehavioraltraitsthatseemedtobebreed-specific,suchasbiddability—howreadilyadogrespondedtocommands—werefoundtovarysignificantlyamongindividualanimalswithinthesamebreed.
Theresearchersconcludedthatbreedexplainsonly9percentofbehavioralvariationamongdifferentdogs.Biddabilityandsomeothertraitsthatdoseemtobesomewhatconnectedtobreedarelikelytheremnantsofancestralbreedingthatprimarilyfocusedonservingfunctionssuchashuntingorherdingandhappenedoveramuchlongertimeframe.
Adog’ssexandageturnedouttobeabetterindicatorforcertaintraits,suchasbathroomhabitsorleveloftoyinteraction,thoughnotmostofthem.“Peopleholdverystrongbeliefsthatdogbreedsaredifferentintheirbehavior,butIthinkwehavetojustacceptthatsometimesthosedifferencesaren’tsoextreme,”Morrillsays.
经证实，狗的性别和年龄反倒是更能反应某些特征的指标，比如用厕习惯或与人玩玩具互动的水平，尽管并非多数都是如此。莫里尔说：“人们有非常强烈的信念，认为不同品种的狗的行为表现不同，但我认为我们必须接受，有时这些差异并不是那么突出。”
本文节选自：ScientificAmerican（科学美国人）
作者：JackTamisiea
原文标题：Dogs’PersonalitiesAren’tDeterminedbyTheirBreed
词汇积累
1.quirk
音标/kwk/
n.怪癖，怪异的性格(或行为);(偶然发生的)怪事，奇事;急弯;(建筑)狭凹槽，深槽
v.(人的嘴巴或眉毛)突然翘起，扭曲
2.yappy
音标/'jp/
adj.粗汉的；喜欢叫嚷的
3.ingrain
音标/nɡren/
vt.使……根深蒂固；就……原料染色；生染
n.固有品质；原纱染色；生染的纤维
adj.生染的；原纱染色的；根深蒂固的
4.biddability
音标/bid'bilti/
n.顺从性
词组搭配
1.goldenretrievers金毛猎犬
写作句总结
Manypeoplehavepreconceivednotionsaboutdifferentdogbreeds’behavioralquirks.