Unit22AtaleofTwoCities高二英语英语频道

revolutionaryn.革命者adj.革命的braveadj.勇敢的

crueladj.残忍的;残酷的disturbvt.扰乱;打扰

mentaladj.精神的;脑力的nobleadj.高贵的;贵族的n贵族

fortunen.财产;运气arrivaln.到来;到达

strengthn.力气;力量attendvt.&vi.看护;照料;服伺

suffervi.受痛苦;受损害vt.遭受;忍受chemistn.药剂师;化学家

eageradj.渴望的;热切的

本单元重点短语

fallinlovewith爱上……inpeace平静地；安宁地

let…in让……进来setfireto点火

sufferfrom遭受makesureof确保;确定

burntotheground把……烧光（烧成平地）dowrong做坏事;犯罪

sentence…todeath判处……死刑doagooddeed做件好事

haveatest参加测试callat拜访（某地）

setfree释放orrather更确切地说

taketheplaceof代替

一、精彩回放

（一）重点单词

1.attend

【用法一】vi.专心，仔细考虑；照顾（关照）某人（某事物）

例1：Attendtoyourworkandstoptalking.

专心工作，不要讲话。

例2：Anurseattendstohisneeds.

一个护士提供他需要的东西。

【用法二】vt.照顾；参加，出席；伴随（某人、某事物），陪伴

例1：DrSmithattendedherinhospital.

她住院时，由史密斯医生照顾的。

例2：Themeetingwaswellattended.=Manypeoplewereatthemeeting.

出席会议的人很多。

例3：TheQueenwasattendedbyherladies-in-waiting.女王由宫廷女侍陪伴。

2.disturb

【用法】vt.搅乱，弄乱；打扰，骚扰；使（某人）烦恼不安

例1：Don’tdisturbthebooksonmydesk.

别动我桌上的书。

例2：Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnottodisturbthesleepingchild.

为了不打扰睡熟的小孩，她轻轻地把门打开。

例3：Ihaveheardsomebadnewswhichhasdisturbedmeverymuch.

我听到一些不好的消息，这些消息使我烦躁不安。

同义词interrupt意为“打断”“使中断”打断某个活动的进程，使其不能进行下去。

例1：Bepoliteplease.Don’tinterruptothers’conversation.

请注意礼貌，别打断别人的谈话。

例2：Heismakingaspeech.Ddon’tinterrupthim.

他正在演讲，不要打断他。

3.suffer

【用法】v.遭受；忍受，容忍（某事物）；变坏，变差

例1：Wesufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.

在这次经济危机中我们遭受了巨大的损失。

例2：Howcanyousuffersuchinsolence

你怎么能忍受这样的侮辱？

例3：Yourstudieswillsufferifyouplaytoomuchfootball.

如果你足球踢得太多，你的学习成绩可要变差了。

例1：Heissufferingfromaheadache.

他现在很头疼。

例2：Hehassufferedalotfromhislosingthematch.

比赛失利后,他很难过。

4.public

【用法一】adj.公众的；公共的

例如：Nosmokinginpublicplaces.

公共场所禁止吸烟。

【用法二】n.公众；大众

例如：Thepublicissatisfiedwiththegovernment.

公众对政府很满意。

1)publicaffairs公众事务publicopinion公众舆论

apublicscandal公开的丑闻thepublicdebt公债

inpublic公开地；公然；当众bepublicknowledge众所周知

2)publicly公开地

例如：HehatedmebecauseIscoldedhimpublicly.

他恨我,因为我在公开场合批评了他。

5.wrong

【用法一】adj.错的，不适合的；有问题，不正常

例1：Youwerewrongtotakethecarwithoutpermission.

在没有得到许可的情况下拿车是不合适的。

例2：Thousandsofsatisfiedcustomerscan’tbewrong,sowhydon’tyoutryournewwashing-powder（洗衣粉）

成千上万的消费者用了我们的产品都满意，那么你为何不试一试我们的洗衣粉呢？

【用法二】n.坏事，错误,冤屈

例如：Shecomplainedofthewrongsshehadsuffered.

她申诉了她所受的冤屈。

【用法三】adv.错误地

例如：You’vespeltmynamewrong.你把我的名字写错了。

【用法四】v.不公正地判断（某人）；冤枉（某人）

例如：YouwrongmeifyouthinkIonlydiditforselfishreasons.

如果你认为我是出于自私才做那事那你就冤枉我了。

1）dowrongtosb.冤枉某人;冤屈某人

例如：Iwillneverforgetthewrongyouhavedoneme.

我永远不会忘记你对我所做的冤屈。

2）dogoodtosb.对……有好处

例如：Doingmorningexercisewilldogoodtoyourhealth.

晨练有助身体健康。

3）doharmtosb.对……有害处

例如：Readinginthedeamlightdoesharmtoyoureyes.

在微弱的灯光下看书对眼睛有害处。

6strength

【用法】n.力气;力量

例1：Ihaven’tthestrengthtolifttheheavystone.

我举不起这个很重的石头。

例2：Hecouldn’tkeepupstrengthafterwalkingfor5hours.

他在走了5个小时路以后,再也没有力气了。

1)power普通用语,指各种“力”具体的物质力量或抽象的精神、道德力量。

例如：Knowledgeispower.

知识就是力量。

2)force表示“动力”、“力气”。

例如：Shewaskilledbytheforceofablow.

她是被炸死的。

3)energy抽象名词,表示“精力、能量、能源”。

例1：Theboyissofullofenergythathecan’tkeepstill.

这小男孩精力很充沛总是静不下来。

例2：Hibernatinganimalshardlymakeanymovements,hardlyuseanyenergy,andhardlyneedanyfood.

冬眠的动物几乎没有活动,也就几乎不使用能量,当然也就不需要什么食物。

（二）重要词组

1.fallinlovewith…

fallinlovewith…爱上……

例如：HefellinlovewithMaryatthefirstsight.

他对玛丽一见钟情。

Mr.Smithhadbeeninlovewiththegirlforalongtime,buttooursurprisehedoesn’tmarryhersoon.史密斯先生和这女孩相爱很久了，但令人奇怪的是他仍然没有很快娶她的意思。

例如：Theyfellinlovewitheachothertwoyearsagoandtheyhavebeeninlovefortwoyearsnow.他们是两年前堕入情网的，也就是说他们已相爱两年了。

2.haveatest

haveatest参加考试;测验（=takeatest）

例如：WearetoldtohaveatestinmathsonSundaymorning.

我们被告知周日上午进行数学测试。

1）holdatest举行考试

例如：Ourschoolwillholdatestinthreeweeks.

我们学校三个星期后举行考试。

2）takepartinatest参加测试

例如：Willyoutakethedrivingtest

你打算参加明天的驾驶测试吗

3.doagooddeed

doagooddeed做好事

例如：Thechildrenareexpectedtodoagooddeedeveryday.

希望这些孩子每天做一件好事。

例如：Comeonanddothedeed!

来吧，行动起来！

4.sufferfrom

sufferfrom受痛苦;患……疾病;因……受到损害

例1：I’msufferingfromacoldthesedays.

这些天我患感冒。

例2：Toomanypeoplearesufferingfrompovertynowadays.

如今，太多的人因贫困而受苦。

5.burn…totheground

burn…totheground把……烧毁

例如：Thewholebuildingwasburnttotheground.

整个建筑物被烧成平地。

6.sentence…todeath

sentence…todeath判处……死刑

例如：It’scertainthatthemurdererswillbesentencedtodeath.

这些杀人犯肯定会被判处死刑。

Hewastriedyesterdayandsentencedtolifetimeinprison.

他昨天被审判并被判处终身监禁。

7.inpeace

inpeace平平安安地

例如：Thebabyissleepinginpeace.

小宝宝睡得很好。

1）inpeacewithsb.与某人和睦相处

例如：Weliveinpeacewithourneighbors.

我们和我们的邻居和睦相处。

2）atpeace处于和平局面的;友善的

例如：Thetwocountriesareatpeace.

这两国家目前和平相处。

3）atpeacewith与……和平相处

例如：Wouldn’titbeawonderfulworldifallnationslivedatpeacewithoneanother.

如果所有的国家都能和平相处的话，这世界该多美好啊！

8.setfireto…

setfireto…着火；起火

例如：Whosetfiretothewasteinthedustbin

谁把垃圾箱里的垃圾烧了起来。

1）setfireto=set…onfire对……纵火；点燃；使燃烧

例如：Whosetthehouseonfire

是谁把房子烧起来的

2）catchfire着火

例如：Paintcatchesfireeasily.

油漆很容易着火。

3）makeafire生火

例如：Theymadeafiretowarmthemselves.

为了取暖,他们生了一堆火。

4）cause/startafire引起火灾

例如：Don’tthrowthecigaretteoutofthewindow,whichmaycause/startaforestfire.

不要把烟头扔出窗外,会引起森林火灾的。

9.letin

letin让……进去;放进

例如：Igavethemthekeytomyoficesothattheycouldletthemselvesin.

我给了他们我办公室的钥匙,这样他们就可以进去了。

1）letout发出;泄露

例1：Theinjuredletoutsharpcries.

受伤的那些人发出尖叫。

例2：Don’tletoutthenews.It’sbetweenyouandme.

不要把消息泄露出去。我和你知道就可以了。

2）letdown使……失望;拒绝

例1：Studyhardanddon’tletyourparentsdown.

努力学习不要让你父母亲失望。

例2：Imeantohelpyou,sodon’tletmedown.

我想帮助你,别拒绝我。

3）letalone别提;更不用说

例如：Idon’tknowtheperson,letalonehisname.

我不认识这个人,就更不用说他的名字了。

（三）难点句型

情态动词+have+过去分词

【解析1】couldhave+过去分词。表示过去可以做或能够做，但实际上没有做的事，意为“本来可以……”。

例如：Hecouldhavepassedtheentranceexaminationlastyear,buthewasillanddidn’ttaketheexamination.他本来去年可以通过入学考试的,但他生病了没有参加考试。

【解析2】musthave+过去分词。表示对过去情况很有把握的推测，也可以表示对到目前为止的情况的推测，意为“一定……”

例如：Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.

【解析3】can’t/couldn’thave+过去分词。表示对过去情况的较有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能……”。

例如：Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Shecouldn’thavespokenatthemeeting.

今天早上我在会议室没有看到她,她不可能在会议上发了言。

【解析4】.may/mighthave+过去分词。表示“（过去）可能做了某事”。may与might均可表示对过去情况的推测，但might的把握性不如may。

例如：Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

虽然他很忙,但他还是有可能给你更多的帮助。

【解析5】shouldhave+过去分词。表示过去该做但又没有做的事，含有责备或后悔的语气，意为“应该.…..”

例如：Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

我们昨天晚上本应该学习的,但我们听音乐会去了。

【解析6】oughttohave+过去分词。表示“过去该做而没有做的事”，也有责备或后悔的语气。语气重于shouldhave+过去分词。

例如：Ifhehadstartedatnineo’clock,heoughttohavebeeninLondonbyeleveno’clock.

如果他九点钟出发了的话,那么他在11点就应该到了伦敦。

【解析7】needn’thave+过去分词。表示过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了，常译为“不必……”。例如：Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn’thavehurried.

（四）语法精讲

The–ingFormasAttributeandAdverbial

（-ing形式做定语和状语）

动词v-ing是非谓语动词的一种形式,在句中除可作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语外,还可作定语和状语。

1、定语：

（1）V-ing形式作定语时,如果是短语要放在它所修饰的名词后;如果是单个词,一般置其前（修饰代词时,置其后）。

例1：Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.

站在窗户旁的那个人是我们的老师。

例2：TherewasanexcitingfootballmatchonTVyesterday.

昨天电视播放了一场激动人心的足球赛。

例3：Thosesingingaresixstudentsofhim.

那些正唱歌的是他的六个学生。

（2）v-ing形式作定语时,可表达两种含义:

1）表示“供……之用”,相当于usedfordoing.如:writingdesk（=deskusedforwriting）写字台sleepingbag（=bagusedforsleeping）睡袋

2）表示“……的”意思,即表示被修饰的名词所具有的性质特征。可用定语从句来代替.如:asleepingboy（=aboywhoissleeping）一个睡着的孩子;amovingstory（=astorywhichismoving）一个动人的故事。

2、状语：

Arrivingattheschool（=Whenhearrivedattheschool）,Ifoundmyclassmatesalreadyintheirplaces,readytobegintheclass.我到学校时,发现我的同学们都已坐在座位上,准备上课了。

2）原因状语

Beingveryuseful（=Becausetheyareveryuseful）,computersareusedeverywhere.由于很有用，电脑被到处使用。

3）条件状语

Turningtotheleft（=Ifyouturntotheleft）,youwillfindtheshop.向左拐,你就会发现那家商店。

4）让步状语

Thoughbeingtired（=Thoughtheyweretired）,theywerestillinhighspirits.虽然累,但是他们情绪高昂。

（2）作方式,伴随和结果状语时,相当于并列句。如:

5）方式状语

Wearesittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday（=andwearetalkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday）.我们坐在窗户边,谈论着昨天发生的事。

6）伴随状语

Acrowdofchildrenranoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalkinghappily（=andthaywerelaughingandtalkinghappily）.一群小孩有说有笑地从教室里跑出来。

7）结果状语

Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney（=andlefthimalotofmoney）.他父母都死了,给他留下很多钱。

（3）如果v-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,应用其完成式“having＋过去分词’。如：

Havingdrunktwoglassesofwater,Jackfeltabitbetter.

喝了两杯水,杰克感觉好一点。

（4）如果v-ing与主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,应用其被动式“having＋been＋过去分词”。如：

Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,hewouldn’tgiveituptoothers.人家给了他这么好的机会,他不会给别人的。

（5）v-ing的否定式为“not＋V-ing”.如:

（6）v-ing作状语,无论主动式还是被动式,其逻辑主语和句子的主语应保持一致。如:

走进屋子,他碰地关上了门。

（正）Enteringthehouse,heclosedthedoorwithabang.（=Whenheenteredthehouse,thedoorclosedwithabang.）

（误）Enteringthehouse,thedoorclosedwithabang.

（7）v-ing作状语时,分词和主语之间不能用连词or,and,but,so等,但可以用逗号。如:

已被告诉过多次,可是他仍然不理解。

（正）Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.（=hehadbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit）.

（误）Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.

（8）judgingfrom（根据……来判断）;generallyspeaking（一般来说）;considering（考虑到）等短语常用作插入语,其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。如:

Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.

根据他的口音来判断,他一定来自南方。

Generallyspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen.

一般来说,女人比男人长寿。

Theboydidquitewell,consideringthecircumstances.

考虑到具体情况,可以说那孩子干得很不错了。

（五）交际用语

Thanks（感谢）

1、Manythanks.\Thanksalot\Thankyouverymuch.

非常谢谢。

Thankyouforyourhelp.\Iappreciateyourhelp.

谢谢你的帮助。

Thanksforyourkindness.

真得谢谢你的一片好心好意。

Thankyouforcomingtoseemeoff.

谢谢你来为我送行。

It’sverykindofyou.\It’sveryniceofyou.

你真的太好了。

It’sverykindofyoutosendmethegift.

谢谢你的礼物。

2、Notatall./That’sallright./You’rewelcome./It’sallright./Notroubleatall./That’sOK.

不用谢。

Pleasedon’tmentionit.

别客气!

DelightedIwasabletohelp.

能帮助你我很高兴。

二、活学活用

根据所学知识和所给提示补全下面几段对话。

（A）

背景提示：一个学生放学回家太晚了向另一个学生借自行车。

LiMing:HiWangFang._____________1___________.

WangFang:It’s5:40.

LiMing:Oh!MyGod!

WangFang:_______2______

LiMing:Thelastbusleavesat5:30.IamlateforthebusandIcan’tgohometoday.

WangFang:Takeiteasy.Myhomeisrathernear.Icanlendmybiketoyouonconditionthatyoureturnittometomorrowmorning.

LiMing:___________3_________Thanksverymuch.

WangFang:___________________4______________________.

（B）

背景提示：一同学摔到了,弄伤了膝盖.另一同学帮他到医务室。

A:What’sthematter

B:IknockedintoatreewhileIwaswalkingdownthesidewalkandIfellover.

A:letmesee._________1________.

B:Oh!Begentle.Myleftkneehurtsmuch.

A:Canyoumoveit

B:Letmehaveatry.Ah!Itcanonlymoveasmuchasthis.

A:Takeiteasy.________2_________.Thedoctorwillgiveyouatreat.

B:__________________3____________.

A:Don’tmentionit.

（C）

背景提示：一外国游客到图书馆借书，他只能在中国呆两星期。管理员告诉他他只能在图书馆看书而不能把书带走。如果不遵守规则就会被处罚。

A:CanIhelpyou

B:Yes,thanks.I’matourist.__________1________.

A:______2________

B:Abouttwoweeks.

A:Welcometoourlibrary,butaccordingtotherulesofthelibrary._______3_______insteadoftakinganybooksout.

B:I’msuretoreturnthebookintime.IsthatO.K.

A:No._________4_________,You’llbefined.

B:O.K.then.I’llreadhere.Arethereanybooksabouttravelling

A:Yes.5.I’llgoandgetthemforyou.

B:O.K.Thanks.

三、写作快速通关

1、国外佳作欣赏

Itwasduringaweekend.Mumgavemetwoticketsforafilmandtoldmeshewastoobusywiththeendlesshouseworktogowithme.ShetoldmetokeepthemoneyifIcouldselltheextraticket.Iwasveryhappy,ofcourse.Atthattime,aticketonlycostaquarter.Buttome,alittlegirlof12,aquarterseemedquitealot.

Ireachedthecinemainagreathurry.Holdingtheticketinmyhand,Ibegantolookforabuyer.Ahandsomeyoungmannoticedmeandtheticketinmyhand.Hecametowardsmewithabigsmile,“You'vegotanextraticket”

“Yes,”Inodded.

“That'sgreat.Say,howmuch”

“Aquarter.”

“Oh,”hethoughtforawhileandthentookoutaten-dollarnotefromhiswallet.

“I'mverysorry,butI'veonlygotthisnote.”SeeingIwasconfused,headded,“Then,howaboutwaitingforawhileandI'llgiveyouthemoneyafterIhavechangeditinthecinema'sstore”

Withoutmuchthinking,Iagreed.Thenwewenttothecinematogether.Hewalkedfast.Icouldhardlykeepupwithhim.Byandby,heleftmefurtherandfurtherbehind.SoonhedisappearedintheGents.Istoodtherewithoutknowingwhattodo.SuddenlyIseemedtorealizethehandsomeyoungfellowhadcheatedme.Hehadsavedtwentyfen,butlosthishonor.

Notes:confusev．把……弄糊涂；使慌乱Gents男厕所

2、日积月累

1）高考常用词语：

endless无穷无尽的extra额外的；另外的noticed注意

disappear消失realize意识到；注意到inagreathurry很匆忙

Withoutmuchthinking没有多想keepupwith跟上……

byandby逐渐地furtherandfurther越来越……

2）写作素材积累

3、高考演习

愉快的一天

根据以下情况,写一篇记叙文。

词数:120左右.

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四、海外风情

（A）CustomerService

WouldyouliketobeakingorqueenTohavepeoplewaitingonyouhandandfootManyAmericansexperiencethisroyaltreatmenteveryday.HowBybeingcustomers.TheAmericanideaofcustomerserviceistomakeeachcustomerthecenterofattention.NeedproofJustlistentothecommercials.MostofthemsoundliketheMcDonald'sad:"Wedoitallforyou."

Actually,notallstoresinAmericarollouttheredcarpetfortheircustomers.Butwhereveryougo,goodcustomerservicemeansmakingcustomersfeelspecial.Whencustomersgettothestore,theyaretreatedashonoredguests.Customersdon'tusuallyfindstoreclerkssittingaroundwatchingTVorplayingcards.Instead,theclerksgreetthemwarmlyandoffertohelpthemfindwhattheywant.Inmoststores,thesignsthatlabeleachdepartmentmakeshoppingabreeze.Customersusuallydon'thavetoaskhowmuchitemscost,sincepricesareclearlymarked.Andunlessthey'reatafleamarketorayardsale,theydon'tbothertryingtobargain.InAmerica,customerservicecontinueslongafterthesale.Manyproductscomewithamoney-backguarantee.Expensiveitems-likecars,computersorstereos-oftenhaveawarrantythatensurestrouble-freeuseforaperiodofayearormore.

Advertisementsregularlyincludethemotto"Yoursatisfactionisguaranteed."Soifthereisaproblemwiththeproduct,customerscantakeitback.Thecustomerservicerepresentativewilloftenallowthemtoexchangetheitemorreturnitforafullrefund.Here'satriviaquestion:Doyouknowwhat'sthebusiesttimeformostcustomerservicerepresentativesTheweekafterChristmas.FormanyAmericancustomers,serviceiseverything.Ifapersonreceivespoorservicefromastore,heprobablywillavoidshoppingthereinthefuture.Ontheotherhand,customersoftenremainloyaltoabusinessthathasexcellentserviceeveniftheirpricesarehigh.CustomerserviceinAmericagrowsoutofthebeliefthat"thecustomerisalwaysright."Thatmaynotalwaysbetrue.But,assomeonehassaid,thecustomerisalwaysthecustomer.

（一）美式顾客服务

English,likeeverylanguage,isalwayschanging.Newslangtermsarecreatedallthetime.Oftenthey'reheretoday,gonetomorrow.Forinstance,ifyouwantedtocallsomethingexcitinginthe1960s,youwouldsayitwasgroovyorfarout.Todayyoumightdescribeitascoolorevenbad.Eachsub-groupofAmericansociety-fromteenagerstosoldierstothievestoethnicgroups-hasitsownslang.Peoplewhoaren'tapartofthe"in-group"can'tunderstandthemeaning,eventhoughthewordsare"English."Soit'snoteasyforoutsiderstouseslangcorrectly.

Americansenjoymakingthingseasyonthemselves.Eventheirpronunciationisrelaxed.Soundsorsyllablesthatarenotstressedareshortenedorcombinedwithothersounds.Asaresult,"Whatdoyouwanttodo"becomes"Whaddayawannado"And"Idon'tknow"soundslike"Idunno."Seeifyoucanunderstandthefollowingconversation:

Gene:Jeetyet

Tim:No,ju

Gene:Skoeet!

Nowlet'stranslateitintoregularEnglish:

Gene:Didyoueatyet

Tim:No,didyou

Gene:Let'sgoeat!

Schoolteachersprobablycringeatthiskindofpronunciation.Butthefactis,that'showAmericansoftentalkinreal-lifesituations.

There'sonetypeofinformallanguagethatyoushouldavoidusing,however.SwearwordsoffendmanypeopleinAmerica.Sometimespeoplesay"four-letterwords"toexpressangerorpain.Manyofthese"cursewords"aretermsfromtheBiblethatpeoplehavemisused.Forexample,todamnmeanstopunishforeverinHell,so"damn"and"hell"arestrongcurses.UsingthenamesofGodorJesuswithoutrespectcanalsobotherpeople.Andonemorething:stayawayfrom"dirtywords"-vulgardescriptionsofsexorthehumanbody.True,somepeopletalklikethis,butsuch"gutterlanguage"shouldstayinthegutter.

Americansenjoybeinginformal.Theylikemakingthemselvescomfortable,whetherit'swearingbluejeansandaT-shirtorusinginformallanguage.SoifyouwanttospeakrealAmerican-styleEnglish,justgocasual-especiallyifyourEnglishteacherisn'tlooking.

（二）美语中的非正式用语

英语就像每一种语言一样是一直在变。新的俚语不断地出现，常常今天还在使用的，明天就被淘汰了。例如，在一九六O年代你若要形容一件很兴奋的事，你会说很「groovy」美好的，或是「farout」走在时代尖端的。而今天会形容为「cool」很酷，甚至「bad」好菜喔。从青少年、军人、小偷、到少数民族，美国社会中每一种附属团体都有自己的俚语。即使它们确实是英语，但是不属于那个团体的人就不会明白它的意思。因此局外人要正确地使用俚语实在不容易。

美国人喜欢把事物简化，甚至连他们的发音也很轻松自在，不是重音的发音或是音节，通常会被缩短或是和其它的音相连。因此，「Whatdoyouwanttodo」就变成了「Whaddayawannado」而「Idon'tknow.」听起来像「Idunno.」看看你能不能听懂以下的对话：

吉妮:Jeetyet

提姆:No,ju

吉妮:Skoeet!

现在，我们来把它翻译成一般的英文：

吉妮:Didyoueatyet（你吃过了没？）

提姆:No,didyou（还没有，你呢？）

吉妮:Let'sgoeat!（一块儿去吃吧！）

学校的老师们对这样的发音恐怕是不敢恭维。不过事实上，通常美国人在实际的生活中都是这么说话的。

然而有一种非正式的语言是你应当避免使用的。在美国咒诅骂人的话是会得罪人的。有时候人们会说「四字经」来表达愤怒和痛楚。很多这类咒诅的字眼是取自圣经，但是被人误用的。例如，「Damn」该死！指的是诅咒人在地狱里受永远的刑罚，所以「Damn」和「Hell」都是很强烈的诅咒。而毫不尊重地妄用上帝或耶稣的名字也会使人很不舒服。还有一件事：绝对不要讲「脏话」--对性或是人体低俗的描述。没错，确实有人是那么说话的，不过这种属于阴沟的「脏话」就让它归于阴沟吧。

美国人非常喜爱非正式、轻松的感觉。不论是藉由穿牛仔裤、T恤还是使用通俗的语言，他们都喜欢让自己轻松自在。所以如果你想说真正的美式英语，尽量随意就是了，尤其是你的英文老师没看着你的时候。

五、单元测试

（一）单项填空

1.——Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.

——It_____acomfortablejourney.

A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbe

C.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen

2.Inorderto_____safety,you’dbetter_____allthedoorsandwindowsareshut.

A.makesureof;makesureB.makesureof;makesureof

C.makesure;makesureofD.makesure;makesure

3.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday,otherwiseI_____withhim.

A.couldgothereB.weretogothere

C.mighthavegonethereD.hadgonethere

4.Thebuilding______firelastnight,andnowitisstill_____fire.Nooneknowswho_____firetoit.

A.took;in;startedB.caught;on;set

C.wereon;catches;setD.caught;onthe;set

5.Themusiciangothomelatelastnight,_____earlythismorning.

A.thatissayB.ratherthan

C.orratherD.orelse

6.Themurdererwas____and____toimprisonmentforallhislife.

A.sentenced;sentencedB.tried;tried

C.tried;sentencedD.sentenced;tried

7._____readingtheletter,hewaspleased_____methathewouldleaveforJapanthenextday.

A.With;tellingB.With;totell

C.On;tellingD.On;totell

8.Shehas_____themoneysavedbyhermother,which_____inabankforhereducation.

A.ranoutof;hadputB.runout;haveput

C.runoutof;wasputD.runoff;wasput

9.——HasMikestartedHesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.

——He_____.Heisamanofkeepinghisword.

A.couldhaveleftB.musthaveleft

C.can’tcomeD.won’tbecoming

10.Those_____thingsneedwaterandair,orwecan’tkeepthem_____.

A.live;livingB.living;alive

C.alive;livelyD.lively;live

11.Eightyearslaterhefinallyfoundtheletters_____tohimfromtheUSA.

A.addressB.addressed

C.toaddressD.beingaddressed

12.He_____themathsproblemforalongtimebuthestillcan’t_____.

Ahasworkedout;workitonB.hasbeenworkingon;workitout

C.workedon;workitonD.workedout;workiton

13.I____youthetruthbutI_____allowedtodoso.

A.wouldtell;wasn’tB.hadtold;wasn’t

C.wouldhavetold;hadn’tbeenD.wouldhavetold;wasn’t

14.Ashehadbrokenthewindow,theboywassittingthere,_____.

A.notdaringmadeanysoundB.daringnottomakeanysound

C.daringnotmakeanysoundD.notdaringtomakeanysound

15._____gaveittoyouismoreimportantthan____wasgiventoyou.

A.Who;whatB.Who;who

C.Whoever;whoeverD.What;who

（二）完形填空

Amotoristof96yearsoldwas1yesterdayforspeedinghisfirstoffense（违章）in70yearsmotoring.

Mr.D2byaradartrap（雷达交通监视车）3travelingnearhishomeinFolkestonelastNovember.

Herefusedtogivehis4topolicewhenstopped,but5wrotealettertoanewspaper,6abouttheradartrap.

Mr.Ddidnot7inthecourtyesterday.Headmittedtheoffenseby8.

Mr.Dsaid,“Oh,I’m96already,butI’min9shape.Iwouldhavebeenabit10iftheyhaddisqualifiedme,butIhaveno11thatIcouldpassanytesttheymighthaveaskedmeto12.Ifirstdroveamotorbikein1902.Morethan70yearsof13motoringisnota14recordandI’vegotnoreasontostop15.I’moneofthe16driversontheroad.

Mindyou,I’mstill17aboutbeingcaughtonthatparticularroad.Itakeregular18check-upsandmyheartandlungsarefirstclass.Idoneedglassesandmyhearingcouldbe19,butI’vealwaysbeen20todrive.”

1.A.caughtB.finedC.takenD.robbed

2.A.wastakenB.wasseenC.waswatchedD.wascaught

3.A.whileB.ifC.wheneverD.during

4.A.licenseB.passportC.addressD.motorbike

5.A.alreadyB.thenC.laterD.after

6.A.renewingB.complainingC.talkingD.worrying

7.A.appearB.attendC.joinD.enter

8.A.thismethodB.thewayC.letterD.agreement

9.A.goodB.badC.bestD.fat

10.A.gladB.easyC.uneasyD.afraid

11.A.questionB.doubtC.wonderD.word

12.A.comeB.joinC.takeD.pass

13.A.trouble-filledB.drivingC.makingD.trouble-free

14.A.realB.betterC.badD.right

15.A.wantingB.thinkingC.hopingD.wishing

16.A.mostdangerousB.worstC.strongestD.safest

17.A.anxiousB.excitingC.unluckyD.unhappy

18.A.trafficB.bodyC.medicalD.medicine

19.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse

20.A.fitB.carefulC.freeD.strict

（三）阅读理解

Wedon’thavebedsinthespace-shuttle（航天飞机）.Butwedohavesleepingbags.Duringtheday,whenweareworking,weleavethebagstiedtothewall,outoftheway.Atbedtimeweuntiethemandtakethemwhereverwe’vechosentosleep.

Onmostspace-shuttleflightseveryonesleepsatthesametime.Noonehastostayawaketowatchoverthespace-plane;theshuttle’scomputersandtheengineersatMissionControldothat.Ifanythinggoeswrong,thecomputersringanalarm（警钟）andtheengineerscallusontheradio.

Onthespace-shuttle,sleep-timedoesn’tmeannighttime.Duringeachninety-minuteorbit（轨道）thesun“rises’andshinesthroughourwindowsforaboutfiftyminutes;thenit“sets”asthespace-shuttletakesusaroundthedarksideofEarth.Tokeepthesunoutofoureyes,wewearblacksleepmasks（面具）.

Itissurprisinglyeasytogetcomfortableandfallasleepinspace.Everyastronautsleepsdifferently.Somesleepupsidedown,somesideways,somerightsideup.Whenit’stimetosleep,Itakemybag,mysleepmask,andmytapeplayerwithearphonesandfloat（notsink）uptotheflightdeck（驾驶舱）.ThenIcrawlintothebag,andfloatinasittingpositionjustaboveaseat,rightnexttoawindow.BeforeIpullthemaskdownovermyeyes,Irelaxforawhile,listeningtomusicandwatchingEarthgobyunderme.

1.Whenit’sbedtime,astronautsputtheirsleepingbags______.

A.onthewallB.atMissionControl

C.intheflightdeckD.inanyplacetheylike

2.Howlongdoesittakethespace-shuttletogoroundtheearth

A.FortyminutesB.Fiftyminutes

C.NinetyminutesD.Twentyfourhours

3.ThemainideaofParagraph4is_______.

A.What“I”dowhenitisbedtime

B.whereandhowalltheastronautssleep

C.thatit’shardtohaveagoodsleepinspace

D.theonecanonlyrelaxforawhileinspaceiftired

4.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

A.SleepingintheSpace-shuttleB.TravelinginSpace

C.SleepingEquipmentforAstronautsD.EarthSeenfromOuterSpace

Somepeoplethinkcomputersarebrighterthanpeoplebecause,forexample,acomputercandomathsproblemsmillionsoftimesfaster.Butyoucanrecognizeyourfriend’sfaceamongphotosofhundredsofchildreninyourschool,whilenocomputercandothat.Andyouknowwhenajokeisfunny,butnocomputersknowthat.Acomputerdoessomethingsverywell.Otherthingsacomputercannotdoatall.

Itdoesn’tmakesensetosaythatacomputerisbrighterormorestupidthanaperson.Acomputerjustdothingsdifferently.Inaway,acomputerknowsonlytwothings:yesorno.Anelectriccircuit（电路）iseitheropenorclosed:yesorno.Alltheinformationthatisfedinto（输入）acomputeristranslatedintotwothings:0and1.Everynumberiscoded（识码）inzeroesandones.Tothecomputer,0meansoff;1meanson.Alldecisionsareeither0or1,yesorno—nevermaybe.

Agreatmanyyes/nooroff/oncircuitscanfitintoasmallspace.Inatinyspacethesizeofyourfingernail,acomputercanhavemorethanamillionofthesecircuits.Asacomputerdoesitswork,eachofthesecircuitsopensorclosesthousandsoftimesasecond.Butyourbrainhasmorenervecells（神经细胞）thanacomputerhascircuits.Ahumanbrainhas100,000millioncells!Andtheyhaveaneffectoneachotherinwayswhilethemostpowerfulcomputerintheworldcannot.

5.Acomputer____whenajokeistoldto.

A.canneitherunderstandnorlaughB.cannotunderstandbutcanlaugh

C.canunderstandandlaughD.canunderstandbutcannotlaugh

6.Inthesentence“Itdoesn’tmakesensetosaythatacomputerisbrighter…”“makesense”means“________”.

A.haveaclearmeaningB.makemistakes

C.saysomethingmeaningfulD.saysomethingwrong

7.Itiscorrecttosayacomputerknows_______.

A.howtoadd0and1only

B.only0and1becauseeverythingwouldappearonthescreenasonesandzeroes

C.onlytwonumbers:0and1D.yesandnobesidesnever

8.Ahumanbrainhas_______.

A.agreatmanynervecellsandeachcellseemslikeacircuit

B.bettercircuitsthanacomputer

C.millionsofnervecellsthatworkbetterthancircuits

D.morecircuitsthanacomputer

WhenIaskedmydaughterwhichitemshewouldkeep:thephone,thecar,thecooker,thecomputer,theTV,orherboyfriend,shesaid“thephone”.Personally,Icoulddowithoutthephoneentirely,whichmakesmeunusual.Becausethetelephoneischangingourlivesmorethananyotherpieceoftechnology.

Point1.Thetelephonecreatestheneedtocommunicate,inthesamewaymoreroadscreatemoretraffic.Mydaughtercomeshomefromschoolat4:00pmandthenspendsanhouronthephonetalkingtoeverypersonshehadbeenatschoolwithallday.Ifthephonedidnotexist,wouldshehaveanythingtotalkabout

Point2.Themobilephonemeansthatweareneveralone.“Themobilesavedmylife,”saysCrystalJohn-stone.ShehadanaccidentinherVolvoontheA45betweenOtleyandSkipton.Trappedinside,shemanagedtomakethecallthatbroughttheambulance（救护车）toherrescue.

Point3.Themobileremovesoursecret.ItallowsmarketingmanagerofHabaDeutsch,CarlNicolaisen,toringhissalesstaffallroundtheworldatanytimeofdaytoaskwheretheyare,wheretheyaregoing,andhowtheirlastmeetingwent.

Point4.Thetelephoneseparatesus.AntonellaBramanteinRomesays,“WeworkedinseparateofficesbutIcouldseehimthroughthewindow.Itwaseasytogethisnumber.Weweresonear,butwedidn’tmeetforthefirsttwoweeks!”

Point5.Thetelephoneallowsustoreachoutbeyondourownlives.Todaywecantalktoseveralcompletestrangerssimultaneously（同时地）onchatlines（atleastmydaughterdoes.Iwouldn’tknowwhattotalkabout）.Wecantalkacrosstheworld.Wecaneventalktoastronauts（ifyouknowany）whilethey’respace-walking.And,withthephonelinehookeduptothecomputer,wecanaccess（进入）theInternet,thebiggestlibraryonEarth.

9.Howdoyouunderstand“Point1.Thetelephonecreatestheneedtocommunicate…”

A.Peopledon’tcommunicatewithouttelephone.

B.Peoplecommunicatebecauseofthecreatingofthetelephone.

C.Peoplehavecommunicatedmoreincreasinglysincetelephonewascreated.

D.Peoplecommunicatemorebecauseofmoretraffic.

10.Whichofthefollowingbestshowspeople’sattitudetowardsmobilephones

A.Mobilephoneshelppeopledealwiththeemergency.

B.Mobilephonesbringconvenienceaswellaslittlesecrettopeople.

C.Mobilephonesaresoimportantandshouldbeencouraged.

D.Mobilephonesarepartofpeople’slife.

11.Whichpointsdoyouthinksupporttheideathatphonesimprovepeople’slife

a.Point1.b.Point2.c.Point3.d.Point4.e.Point5.

A.c,dB.a,eC.a,cD.b,e

12.Itispossibletotalktoseveralcompletestrangersatthesametimethrough____.

A.theTVscreenB.afaxmachine

C.thephonelinehookeduptothecomputer

D.amicrophone

13.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

A.PhonePowerB.KindsofPhone

C.HowtoUsePhonesD.AdvantagesofPhones

（D）

Advertisingisaformofselling.Ittriestopersuadepeopletobuygoodsorservices,oracceptapointofview.Theword“advertising”comesfromtheFrenchword“advertir”,whichmeans“tonotify”.Advertiserspayforadvertisingthattellspeopleabouttheadvantageofaproduct,aservice,oranidea.

Advertisinghasbeencalled“thevoiceofbusiness”,foritseekstomakepeopleknowthingstheyneedandtomakethemwantthesethingsandtellswhatproductsorservicesareonthemarket,andhowtheycanbeobtained.

Advertisingmessagesarecarriedtopeoplebynewspapers,magazines,television,radioandothermeansofmasscommunications.Inaway,advertisingplaysanimportantroleinthedistribution（分配）andflowofproductsfrommanufacturers（生产者）toconsumers（消费者）.

Advertisingalsolowersthepricesbycreatingthemassdemand,ormassmarket,whichsupportmassproduction.Massproductionlowersthecostsofmanufacturing,andthemanufacturercanlowerhisprices.Byhelpingtoincreaseproduction,advertisingcreatesmorejobs.Morejobsmeanthatmorepeoplehavemoneytobuygoodsandservices.

Businessmenincludethecostsofadvertisinginthepricesofthegoodsandservicestheysell.Therefore,thepublicactuallypayforadvertising.Butwithoutadvertising,thepricesofgoodsandserviceswouldbemuchhigher.

14.Accordingtothepassage,_____gotthemostbenefitsfromadvertising.

A.theadvertisersB.theconsumers

C.thebusinessmenD.themanufacturers

15.Advertisingcanlowerthepricesofgoodsandservicesbecause_____.

A.businessmendon’tincludethecostsofadvertisingintheprices

B.itincreasesthesaleandproductionandthecostswillbereduced

C.itcreatesmorejobsforthepeople

D.thepricesofadvertisingisnohigherthanbefore

16.Thepassageiswrittento_____.

A.discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofadvertising

B.showthechangesinthepeople’slivesbroughtoutbyadvertising

C.makeabriefintroductiontoadvertising

D.explainwhyadvertisingcanlowertheprices

（E）

AboutahundredyearsagopeopleinLondonweresurprisedtoseeaveryunusualboatcomesailinguptheThamesRiver.Theboatwaseightyfeetlong,flat-bottomed,withbigwoodeneyesonbothsidesinthefrontandwascolorfullypaintedattheback.

PeoplecametoknowthatitwasasailingboatfromFuzhouindistantChina.TheboathadsailedacrosstheIndianOcean,roundtheCapeofGoodHope,upthewesterncoastofAfrica,andfinallytoEngland.Ithadcoveredfifteenthousandmiles—morethanhalfofthedistanceroundtheworld.

Althoughitwasunexpected,theChinesewerewarmlywelcomed.TheboatcarriedgoodssuchassilkandteaaswellasanumberofgiftsfromtheEmpirorofChinafortheQueenofEngland.

PeoplehadalwaysmistakenlythoughtoftheChineseasapeoplenotusedtosea.However,fromcenturiesoftradingandsailingindangerousseas,theChinesehadlearnedhowtobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.ThecomingofthissailingboattoLondonprovedonceagainthattheChinesecouldsailtodistantcountriesacrosstheworld.

17.TheChinesesailingboatarrivedinLondon________.

A.beforeitsailedtoAfricaB.aroundahundredyearsago

C.hundredsofyearsagoD.inthe21stcentury

18.Theboatwasconsideredunusualbecause________.

A.itwasasmallwoodenboatB.itcarriedChinesesilkandtea

C.ithadtraveledfifteenthousandmilesD.itlookedstrangeinseveralways

19.Accordingtothisarticle,whichofthefollowingistrue

A.Thedistanceroundtheearthmeasureslessthanthirtythousandmiles.

B.TheChineseEmperorgaveonlysilkandteatotheEnglishQueenasgifts.

C.TheChineseboatcametoLondonbyaccident.

D.TheChinesepeoplewerenotgoodatsailingindangerousareas.

20.ThewriterwantstoprovethatalongtimeagotheChinses________.

A.carriedsilk,teaandothergoodstoEngland

B.couldsailalongtheThamesRiver

C.couldreachmanypartsoftheworldbysea

D.surpriedLondonerswithanunuauslboat

（四）短文改错

Thedriverofabusworksveryhardly.Heis1.__________

outofearlyinthemorningtilllateatnight.2.__________

Sometimesheworkinbeautifulweatherwhen3.__________

theskyisblue,sunisshining,thetreeslook4.__________

fresh.,andgreenandpeoplefeelgladtobealive.5.__________

Atothertimesitiscoldorfoggy,ortheresuch6.__________

heavyrainthathecan’tseehimverywellwhere.7.__________

heisgoing

Theconductorisonthebus,either.Hehas8.__________

atireddaygoingtothetopofthebusanddown9.__________

againahundredtimesadaytogetpassenger’s10._________

moneyandgivethemtheirtickets.

Unit23Telephones

excellentadj.极好的;优秀的hirevt.租用

conversationn.谈话;交谈windvt.用曲柄摇动;缠绕

strengthenvt.增强;加强redirectvt.转移呼叫;使改方向

recovervt.&vi.恢复;使（身体）复原smartadj.灵巧的;伶俐的

distantadj.远的;遥远的latelyadv.最近;不久前

interruptvt.&vi.打扰;打断remindvt.提醒;使记起

lackvt.&n.缺乏;缺少announcevt.宣布;宣告

bargainn.（经讨价还价）成交的商品;廉价货

frequentadj.经常的;频繁的

本单元重点词组

have…on有事;有约会

gettogether聚会;联欢

allthebest万事如意

haveawordwith和……说句话

connectwith与……相连

inotherwords换句话说;也就是说

freeofcharge免费

holdon请不要挂线

1.announce

【用法】vt.宣布，宣告，发表；通报（某人/某事物）的出席或到来；（在无线台、电视等上）主持介绍（演唱者、演讲者等）

例1：Theyannouncedtheirengagementtothefamily.

他们向家人宣布订婚了。

例2：Wouldyouannouncetheguestsastheycomein

如果有客人来请你通报一下。

例3：LiXiangisannouncingNaYingtotheaudienceonTV.

李湘正在向电视观众介绍那英。

1）announcementn.通知

例如：Silence,please,Ihaveanannouncementtomake.

请大家安静,我要发布一个重要通知.

2）declarevt.比较正式的“宣布”、“宣称”

例1：In1937,wedeclaredwaragainstJapan.

1937年，我国向日本宣战。

例2：Hedeclaredthathewouldnotdothatagain.

他宣布以后不再做那样的事情了。

2.dial

例如：Hisjobistomakedials.

他的工作是制作钟面。

例1：Remembertodialmetomorrow.

例2：Sorry,Ihavedialedthewrongnumber.

3.interrupt

【用法】v.中断，中止；打断，打岔；阻碍（某事物）

例1：Tradebetweenthetwocountrieswasinterruptedbythewar.

这俩国家的贸易因战争而中断了.

例2：Don’tinterruptthespeakernow,whowillanswerquestionslater.

不要打断发言人,他等一会儿会回答问题的.

例3：Thesenewflatswillinterruptourviewofthesea.

这些新房子会影响我们看海景.

1）interruptionn.中断;中止

例如：Haveyounoticedtheinterruptioninthepicturesofthefilm

你看到电影画面的中断吗

2）同义词disturb“打扰”使不能安静做某事

例如：Don’tdisturbhim.Heisstudyingnow.

不要打扰他.他正在学习呢!

4.lack

【用法一】n.缺乏

例如：Hecan’tendurethelackoffood.

没有食物，他再也坚持不下去了。

【用法二】vt.没有，缺乏

例如：Shelackedthecouragetoadmitthefact.

她没有勇气承认事实的真相。

例1：Thepoordogdiedforlackoffood.

这条狗是饿死的。

例2：Theyfailedthedrivingtestfortheirlackofexperience.

他们没有通过驾驶测试是因为他们没有驾驶经验.

5.recover

【用法一】vi恢复（健康、能力等）

例如：Shehasrecoveredfromherillnessandcangotoworknextweek.

她的健康已恢复，下星期就可以上班了。

【用法二】vt找回被盗的货物；失去的财物等

例如：Thepolicerecoveredthestolenjewelry.

警察追回了被盗的珠宝。

1）discovervt.发现;找到

例1：Wediscoveredhissecretatlast.

我们最终发现了他的秘密。

例2：Doyouknowwhodiscoveredthenewcontinent

你们知道是谁找到新大陆的吗

2）uncovervt.揭开

例1：Pleaseuncoverthepan.Thecakesarereadynow.

把锅盖揭开,煎饼煎好了。

例2：Youwillseesomeantsifyouuncoverastone.

把石头搬开,你会看见一些蚂蚁。

6.remind

【用法】v.提醒；想起

例1：Besuretoremindhertocomebackearly

一定要提醒他早点回来。

例2：Whathesaidatthemeetingremindedme.

他在会议上所说的提醒了我。

1）remindsb.todosth.提醒某人要做……（复合结构）

例1：Remindhimtolistentothenews.

提醒他要听新闻。

例2：Pleaseremindmetotakethepillaftermeal.

请提醒我饭后服药.

2）remind+that-clause提醒……

例如：ThatremindsmethatImustwritetothem.

那件事提醒我，我必须给他们写信。

3）remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事；使……想起

例1：ThefilmremindedmeofwhatIhadseeninBeijing.

这部电影使我想起我在北京所看到的。

例2：Thebookremindedthecaptainoftheolddaysinthebookstore.

这书使船长想起他曾在书店的时光。

7.lately

【用法】adv.最近，近来

例如：Whathaveyoubeendoinglately

你最近在忙什么？

1）lately与同义词recently二者都可表示“最近，不久前”。在口语中lately用于否定句或疑问句，常与现在完成时连用。

例如：Ihaven’tseenhimlately.（oflate）

我最近没有看到他。

recently常用于书面语，前面常带有quite,just,but,very等词，英国人倾向于把recently用于肯定句中。

例如：Ihaveseenhimalotrecently.

最近我经常看到他。

2）late迟的;迟到

例1：Youarelateagain.你又迟到了.

例2：Healwaysworkslateintothenight.

他总是工作到深夜.

3)later后来;……后

例如：Threehourslatertheyturnedup.

他们三个小时后出现了.

4）latest最新的;最近的

例如：Haveyouheardofthelatestnews

你有最新消息吗？

8.due

【用法一】adj.预定的、应付给的、应归于的

例1：Howmuchmoneyisduetobepaid

应付多少钱

例2：Theprizeisduetoyou.

奖金应归你。

注：用作表语或后置定语,其后接介词to,也可接不定式。

【用法二】adj.相当于proper,suitable,enough,意为“合适的、恰当的、足够的”用作前置定语。

例如：Hedriveswithduecareandattention.

他开车很小心很注意。

【用法三】n.所欠之物

例如：Haveyoupaidyourdues

你的欠款还清了吗

1.have…on

have…on有事；有约会;穿……的衣服

例1：Ihavenothingonon8th.thismonth.

本月8日，我没事做。

例2：IhavesomethingonnextSunday.

下个星期天，我有事。

例3：Theemperorhadnothingonduringthemarch,butnobodydaredtotellthetruth.

国王在游行的时候没有穿衣服，可没有人敢说出来。

例4：Hehasanewcoatontoday.

他今天穿着一件新上衣。

2.haveawordwithsb.

haveawordwithsb.和某人谈谈

例如：I’dliketohaveawordwithyou,LiuXia.Areyoufree

李霞，你有空吗？我想和你说说话。

1）havewordswithsb和某人争吵

例如：IhadwordswithLiuXialastnight.

昨天晚上我和李霞吵架了。

2）receive（get,have）word得到消息；wordcamethat…有消息说

使用单数，前面不加冠词表示消息。

例如：Wordcamethatthepresidentwillcometoinspectourschooltomorrow.

总统明天会来视察我们学校。

3）类似短语

amanoffewwords言语不多的人

amanofone’sword说话算数的人

breakone’sword食言,失言

eatone’swords收回前言并道歉

getinaword（getawordin）插话

ina（one）word总而言之

inone’sownwords用某人的话说

inotherwords换句话说

inword口头上

keepone’sword遵守诺言

wordforword逐字的

3.connect…with/

connect…with指通过中介物把两事、物联系或联接起来，强调被联系物仍保持自身的独立性。

例1：Wecan’tconnecttheaccidentwithhisarrivalanyhow.

我们无论如何也不能把他的到来和事故联系起来。

例2：Wecollectedthetwobulbswithanelectricwire.

我们用电线把两个灯泡连了起来。

例如：Besurenottojointheelectricwiretotthatone.

一定不要把这根电线和那根连在一起。

4.windone’sway

windone’sway曲折前进

例1：TheRedArmymenwoundtheirwaytogettothevillageinthemountainsatmidnight.

红军战士深夜迂回在大山里最后到达小村庄。

例2：TheGreatWallwindsit’swaythroughthehighmountains.

长城在崇山峻岭中蜿蜒向前延伸。

1）feelone’sway摸索着走

例如：Wehadtofeelourwayinthedark.

在黑暗中我们不得不摸索着前进。

2）fightone’sway奋勇前进

例如：Theknightfoughthiswaythroughthecrowd.

那个武士在人群中杀出一条血路。

3）loseone’sway迷路

例如：Welostourwaywhenwearecampingintheforest.

我们野营的时候在森林里迷了路。

4）makeone’sway去……途中

例如：WangTaomadehiswaydowntothebeachfromthemountainside.

王涛艰难地从山坡上走到沙滩上。

5.freeofcharge

freeofcharge免费相当于forfree

例如：Todayisfestivalandthefilmisfreeofcharge.

今天过节,看电影免费。

1）set…free释放

例如：Thecountrywasliberatedandalltheslavesweresetfree.

这个国家解放了,所有的奴隶都获得了自由。

2）befreetodosomething随便做某事

例如：Youarefreetogoorstay.Doasyoulike.

是走是留,随你的便。

3）freesb./sth.from使某人/某物免于……

例如：Hefreedthebirdfromthecage.

他把鸟从鸟笼里放了。

1.Wouldyoulikeawordwithher你想和她说句话吗？

Wouldyoulike…想要……吗？

【解析1】Wouldyoulikesth.想要某东西

例如：Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee

你想要茶还是咖啡？

【解析2】wouldliketodosth.想要做……

例如：Hewouldliketoplayfootballafterschool.

他放学后想踢足球。

【解析3】wouldlikesb.todosth.想要别人去做某事

例如：Hewouldlikeyoutocarrytheboxforhim.

他想要你帮他提箱子。

2.Thespeakerissupposedtobeexcellent.

这个演讲者应该很出色。

【解析1】sb./sth.issupposedtobe/do某人/某事被认为……，估计…….

例如：Heissupposedtobeanexpertinthisfield.

他被认为是这一领域的权威人士。

【解析2】sb./sth.issupposedtobe/do应该，理应

例如：Youarenotsupposedtotakethebookout.

你不应该把书带出去的。

【解析3】besupposedto后面接have+p.p.时，表示应该做的事而没有做。

例如：Youaresupposedtohavehandedinyourhomeworkbynow.

你们现在应该交好你们的家庭作业了。

3.Allthebest.（Allthebestwishestoyou.）祝你一切都好。

【解析】Allthebest.用来对对方表示祝贺。

例1：Allthebestforyourcomingyear.

祝你来年一切好运！

例2：Wishyouallthebest!

祝你一切都好.

名词性从句的用法

一、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.（主语从句）

2.Idon’tknowwhohaswateredthefields.（宾语从句）

3.Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.（表语从句）

4.Haveyouheardthenewsthatourteamwonthegame（同位语从句）

二、名词性从句常见错误。

1）误用引导词

例如：医生正在设法减轻病人担心会死于这种疾病的恐惧。

误：Thedoctorsaretryingtoreducethepatient’sfearwhichhewoulddieofthedisease.

正：Thedoctorsaretryingtoreducethepatient’sfearthathewoulddieofthedisease.

析：由于which在此从句中不担任成分，说明从句不是定语从句而是同位语从句。同位语从句不能用which引导，应用that。

2）缺少或多用引导词

例如：他什么也没说并不意味着他同意我们的意见。

误：Hedidn’tsayanythingdidn’tmeanthatheagreedwithus.

正：Thathedidn’tsayanythingdidn’tmeanthatheagreedwithus.

析：that引导名词性从句时，尽管无意义也不担任成分，但除了在动词后引导宾语从句时可以省略外，其它情况一般不省略。

3）主谓不一致

例如：她何时何地与他见面还没有定。

误：Whenandwhereshewillmeethimarenotdecided.

正：Whenandwhereshewillmeethimisnotdecided.

析：一般情况下主语从句跟单数谓语动词。但当由what引导的主语从句内容的所指是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如：

Whatthechildrenneedaremoregoodbooks.

孩子们需要的是更多的书。

4）从句误用疑问语序

例如：他问我那辆自行车我付了多少钱。

误：HeaskedmehowmuchhadIpaidforthebike.

正：HeaskedmehowmuchIhadpaidforthebike.

析：名词性从句都用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”。

5）否定未转移

例如：我相信他们还未完成工作。

误：Ibelievethattheyhavenotfinishedtheirworkyet.

正：Idon’tbelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.

析：当主句主语为第一人称时，动词为think,believe,suppose,guess等时，其后的宾语从句如为否定式，否定词not应否定主句的谓语。

6）缺少形式主语或形式宾语

例如：约翰昨天没有来，我觉得很奇怪。

误：IfeelstrangethatJohndidn’tcomeyesterday.

正：IfeelitstrangethatJohndidn’tcomeyesterday.

析：当宾语从句前有形容词或名词作宾补时，必用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。又如：

IfounditquitepleasantthatIworkedwithhim.

我发现和他工作很愉快。

a.Hello!Is（Tom）in

（汤母）在家吗

May\CouldIspeakto…

……在家吗

Isthat…（speaking）

你是……吗

b.Holdon,please.

Hello,whoisit

喂!你是谁

He\Sheisn’thererightnow.

他\她现在不在.

CanItakeamessageforyou

要我帮你带个口信吗

c.Hello,thisis…speaking.

我是…….

Icalledtotell\askyou…

LiMing:Hello!

WangLan:Hello!Who’sthatspeaking

LiMing:ThisisLiMing.____1____

WangLan:Sorry.Sheisnotinatthemoment.

LiMing:Oh!Whatapity!

WangLan:________2_______

LiMing:Yes._________3_________.Mynumberis5677654.

WangLan:O.K.I’lltellherwhenshecomesback.Anythingelse

LiMing:No.Thankyou.

WangLan:_______4__________.Bye!

LiMing:Bye!

WangTao:Hello!__________1_________

ZhaoBin:_______2______.Sheiscoming.

FangXue:Hi,WangTao.

WangTao:Sorrytodisturbyousolate.______________3________.Doyoustillhavethecockyearstamp

FangXue:It’sapity.Isolditlastweek.

WangTao:OH!___________4_________.

FangXue:Doyouwantmetofindoneforyou

WangTao:Good.___________5________.

FangXue:Goodnight.

WangTao:Bye!

背景提示:李明到邮局发送国际邮件，请根据所学内容，补全对话。

A:Excuseme.Isthisthegeneralpostoffice

B:Yes.6

A:Yes.I’dliketopostaparceltotheUnitedStates.IsthisParcelPostCounter

B:Yes.7

A:Somehandicrafts.

B:OK.Putitonthescales,Please.I’llweighitforyou.

A:Howmuchpostageisit

B:Iamsorry,8.Ah,tenyuanandfiftyfen.

A:It’ssoexpensive!

B:Yes,asit’soverseasmail.Pleasepastethestickerontheupperrightcorneroftheparcelandthenbringitbacktome.

A:OK.9andthemoney.

B:Here’sthereceipt.

A:Allright.10.

Mymotherisjustoverfifty,withboththetraditionalgoodnessandmodernideas.

Likeallmothers,sheisresponsibleanddevotesmostofhereffortstoourfamily.SosometimesIfeelregretfulforhertogiveupherwork,butshethinksitisthepropersocialroleforawomantobeahousewife.Sheissatisfiedwiththefamilymembers'achievements.Sheinsistsonkeepingherchildrenunderherwings.Youseehowtraditionalsheis.

However,sincesheisintelligentandhasreceivedthehigheducation,itiseasyforhertoacceptsomethingnew.Inrecentyears,sheisinterestedinthestock.Therefore,shecaresaboutthepoliticalandeconomicsituationofthecountryandtheworld,andactivelycollectsinformationofthecompanieswhosestocksshebought.Whatismore,sheisafanoftheArgentinefootballteam.Soshewasverysadafterthedefeatofthisteaminthe14thWorldCupTournament.

Ilovemymother,justbecauseshelovesme.Sincewesharesomeinterestssuchasplayingchess,wegetchancestocommunicatewitheachother,whichmakesusclosefriends.

Notes:

stockn．股票economica．经济（上）的

Argentinea．阿根廷的tournamentn．锦标赛；比赛

communicatev．交流（感情、信息等）

1）高考常用词语

intelligenta．聪明的；明智的activelyadv.积极地

responsibleadj.有责任心的regretfuladj.遗憾的

traditionaladj.传统的

devote…to…致力于……besatisfiedwith…对……感到满意

insistson坚持要求beinterestedin…对……感兴趣

whatismore另外communicatewitheachother相互交流

内容包括：

1.父亲中等身材，长得结实，看上去很严肃。

2.父亲对人体贴入微，善解人意。

3.父亲是一个成功的人，他有才能，依靠自身的努力在事业上取得了成绩，使家庭富裕，获得社会地位。

4.作为家长，父亲是一位严厉的人，对孩子要求严格，望子成龙心切。

（A）FriendshipofAmericanStyle

SteveandYaserfirstmetintheirchemistryclassatanAmericanuniversity.Yaserwasaninter-nationalstudentfromJordan.HewasexcitedtogettoknowanAmerican.HewantedtolearnmoreaboutAmericanculture.YaserhopedthatheandStevewouldbecomegoodfriends.

Atfirst,Steveseemedveryfriendly.HealwaysgreetedYaserwarmlybeforeclass.SometimesheofferedtostudywithYaser.HeeveninvitedYasertoeatlunchwithhim.Butafterthesemesterwasover,Steveseemedmoredistant.Thetwoformerclassmatesdidn'tseeeachotherverymuchatschool.OnedayYaserdecidedtocallSteve.Stevedidn'tseemveryinterestedintalkingtohim.YaserwashurtbySteve'schangeofattitude."Stevesaidwewerefriends,"Yasercomplained."AndIthoughtfriendswerefriendsforever."

Yaserisalittleconfused.HeisanoutsidertoAmericanculture.Hedoesn'tunderstandthewayAmericansviewfriendship.Americansusethewordfriendinaverygeneralway.Theymaycallbothcasualacquaintancesandclosecompanions"friends".Americanshaveschoolfriends,workfriends,sportsfriendsandneighborhoodfriends.Thesefriendshipsarebasedoncommoninterests.Whenthesharedactivityends,thefriendshipmayfade.NowSteveandYaserarenolongerclassmates.Theirfriendshiphaschanged.

Insomeculturesfriendshipmeansastronglife-longbondbetweentwopeople.Intheseculturesfriendshipsdevelopslowly,sincetheyarebuilttolast.Americansocietyisoneofrapidchange.StudiesshowthatoneoutoffiveAmericanfamiliesmoveseveryyear.Americanfriendshipsdevelopquickly,andtheymaychangejustasquickly.

PeoplefromtheUnitedStatesmayatfirstseemfriendly.Americansoftenchateasilywithstrangers.Theyexchangeinformationabouttheirfamilies,hobbiesandwork.Theymaysmilewarmlyandsay,"Haveaniceday"or"Seeyoulater."Schoolmatesmaysay,"Let'sgettogethersometime."ButAmericanfriendlinessisnotalwaysanofferoftruefriendship.

（一）美式友谊

史帝夫和亚瑟最初是在一所美国大学的化学课上认识的。亚瑟是从约旦来的国际学生。他很兴奋能够认识美国人，他要更多学习美国文化；亚瑟希望他和史帝夫会成为好朋友。

亚瑟有点困惑了，对于美国文化，他是个局外人（外行）。他不了解美国人对友谊的看法。美国人把「朋友」这个字用得非常广泛，一般的泛泛之交和亲密伙伴都算是朋友。美国人的朋友包含有学校的朋友、工作的朋友、运动的朋友或是街坊邻居。这些友谊都是建立在共同的兴趣上，当共同从事的活动结束时，友谊也可能跟着消失了。现在，史帝夫和亚瑟不再是同学，他们的「友谊」也就改变了。

在一些文化里，友谊意即两人之间一种强烈的，一世之久的情感。在这些文化里，友谊发展得慢，因为要持久。但美国是个急速变化的社会，有些研究发现每年每五个美国家庭之中，就有一个家庭搬家。美国人的友谊建立得快，但也可能改变得快。

从美国来的人可能刚开始看起来很亲切。美国人常能很容易地和陌生人聊天，他们交换关于自己的家庭、兴趣和工作的个人资料，他们可能热情地微笑说「祝你有愉快的一天」或是「待会儿见」，而同学也许会说「我们找一天聚聚」，但是美国人的友善并不意谓真正的友谊。

（B）Top10FunnyStoreSigns

国外知名的“十大”经典店铺口号

1.Outsideamufflershop:“Noappointmentnecessary,wehearyoucoming.”

一家消声器店外：“根本不用预约，我们听到你来了！”

2.Outsideahotel:“Help!Weneedinn-experiencedpeople.”

酒店门外：“帮帮忙！我们缺少常住小酒馆的人。”

3.Onadeskinareceptionroom:“Weshootevery3rdsalesman,andthe2ndonejustleft.”

接待室的桌上：“三个一轮！我们要毫不留情地赶走第三个推销员！注：第二个刚刚离开。”

4.Inaveterinarianswaitingroom:“Bebackin5minutes,Sit!Stay!”

兽医的候诊内：“稍候5分钟。趴下，别动！”

5.Attheelectriccompany:“Wewouldbede-lightedifyousendinyourbill.However,ifyoudon'tyouwillbe.”

在电气公司：“如果你送来钞票，我们会很高兴；如果你不送，就会被断电。”

6.Onthedoorofacomputerstore:“Outforaquickbyte.”

电脑专卖店门上：“出去找一个更快的字节。”

7.Inarestaurantwindow:“Don'tstandthereandbehungry,comeoninandgetfedup.”

餐馆橱窗：“别饿着肚子傻呆在那儿，进来吧，吃顿饱饭！”

8.Insideabowlingalley:“Pleasebequiet,weneedtohearapindrop.”

在保龄球馆：“保持安静，我们需要倾听大头针落地。”

9.Inthefrontyardofafuneralhome:“Drivecarefully,we'llwait.”

在墓地的前院：“开车当心，我们会等着你的。”

10.Inacounselorsoffice:“Growingoldismandatory,growingwiseisoptional.”

在咨询师办公室：“变老是由上帝控制的，变聪明是由自己控制的。”

1.Yousayyoutookthebookwithouthispermission,,youstoleit.

A.inwordsB.inawordC.withwordsD.inotherwords

2.Thankyouformeoftheimportantdate.

A.rememberingB.thinkingC.remindingD.expecting

3.Givethistoyouthinkcandotheworkwell.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.however

4.Helockhiscaritshouldbestolen.

A.sothatB.incaseC.inorderthatD.if

5.Infacttherearemanywaysthecompanycouldhelpthisproject

A.inwhichB.thatC.×D.alloftheabove

6.——CouldIuseyourtelephone

——.I’mwaitingforacall.

A.Yes,youcould.B.No,youcouldn’t.

C.I’m,afraidnot.D.Yes,youcan.

7.Youneedn’tpayforthem,They’re.

A.nothingB.busyC.freeofchargeD.nomore

8.Atthebeginningitwasdifficulttopeopleoverlongdistance.

A.listenB.listentoC.hearD.beheard

9.Everystudentistobeintheclassroomat8:00a.m.

A.supposeB.supposingC.supposedD.beingsupposed

10.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ItC.ThisD.That

11.Iwantyoutosothatwecanleaveassoonaswereceivethenotice.

A.getthingstogetherB.getthingsaltogether

C.getthingsreadyD.AorC

12.Thetrolleybusconnectsherebusfortheairfield.

A.toB.byC.withD.at

13.Thatwasanotherexampleofexperience.

A.alackwithB.lackfromC.theirlackforD.theirlackof

14.Theoldmansaidtheaccidentcarelessdrivingsoalotofmoney

bepaidbythedriver.

A.wasdueto,wasduetoB.duedto,wasdueto

C.isdueto,wasduetoD.isdueto,wasduedto

15.Shedoesn’tknowtogetmarriedortowait.

A.ifB.whetherC.whenD.how

Itwas11:39intheevening.A1AmericanladyofaboutseventywasstandingonthesideofanAlabama2tryingtobearapouringrainstorm.Hercarhad3andatthemomentshe4neededaride.Wettotheskin,shedecidedtoflagdownthenext5.Ayoungwhitemanstoppedtohelpher—generallyunheard6inthoseconflict-filled（充满矛盾的）1960s.theman7hertosafetyinhiscar,and8ataxicab（akindofcar）forher.Sheseemedtobeinagreat9.Shewrotedownhis10,thankedhimanddroveaway.Severaldayswentbyanda11cameontheman’sdoor.Tohis12,averybigcolorTVwasdeliveredtohishome.Aspecialnotewas13toit.Itread:“Dearsir,thankyousomuchforassisting（帮助）a（an）14coloredwomanonthefreeway15night.Therain16wetallovernotonlymyclothes17myspirits.Thenyou18along.Becauseofyou,Iwas19tomakeittomydyinghusband’sbedside20beforehepassedaway.Godblessyouforhelpingmeandkindlyservingothers.Sincerely.Mrs.KingCole.”

1.A.blackB.whiteC.poorD.sick

2.A.railwayB.freewayC.streetD.avenue

3.A.brokenupB.speededupC.brokendownD.sloweddown

4.A.seriouslyB.badlyC.fairlyD.probably

5.A.busB.truckC.taxiD.car

6.A.fromB.byC.beforeD.of

7.A.putB.ledC.fetchedD.took

8.A.hiredB.tookC.sentD.asked

9.A.needB.helpC.hurryD.trouble

10.A.addressB.numberC.nameD.words

11.A.ladyB.salesmanC.letterD.knock

12.A.surpriseB.delightC.joyD.satisfaction

13.A.offeredB.givenC.fastenedDwritten

14.A.agedB.puzzlingC.luckyD.unhappy

15.A.anotherB.theotherC.someotherD.one

16.A.letB.madeC.hadD.turned

17.A.andB.butC.orD.otherwise

18.A.gotB.wentC.ranD.came

19.A.ableB.readyC.likelyD.willing

20.A.onlyB.justC.longD.almost

Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsinpublicplaces.TheearliestdailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59BC.Inthe700stheworld’sfirstprintednewspaperswaspublished.Europedidn’thavearegularly（正式地）publishednewspaperuntil1609,whenonewasprintedinGermany.

ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglandwasprintedinAmsterdamin1620.In1621,anEnglishnewspaperwasstartedinLondonandwaspublishedonceaweek.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwasDailyCourant,whichcameoutinMarch1702.

In1690,BenjaminHarrisprintedthefirstAmericannewspaperinBoston.Butnotlongafteritwasfirstpublishedthegovernmentstoppedthepaper.In1704,JohnCampbellstartedtheBostonNewspaper,thefirstnewspaperpublisheddailyintheAmericancolonies（殖民地）.By1760thecolonieshadmorethanthirtydailynewspapers.Therearemorethanelevenmillioncopieseveryyear.

Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargestcirculation（发行量）intheworld.ButthenewspaperofthelargestcirculationistheJapanesenewspaperAsahiShimbun.Itsellsmorethanelevenmillioncopieseveryyear.

1.ThefirstregularlyprintedEuropeannewspaperstartedin______.

A.Romein59BCB.Germanyin1609

C.Amsterdamin1620D.Englandin1621

2.Fromthearticle,weknowthat______.

A.newspapershavethelongesthistoryintheU.S.A

B.theEnglishlanguagenewspaperhasthelargestcirculation

C.thefirstdailynewspaperwasprintedinRomein59B.C.

D.thereareallkindsofnewspaperallovertheworld

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue

A.Newspaperstartedin59B.C.

B.GermanyhadtheearliestEuropeanprintednewspaper

C.ThefirstEnglishnewspaperstartedinEngland

D.thefirstAmericannewspaperwasstoppedbefore1704

4.In____thecirculationofanewspaperisthelargesttoday.

A.JapanB.ChinaC.EnglandD.U.S.A.

Everyoneneedsfriends.Theyareabasicsourceofhappinessandhopeinourlives.However,theability（能力）tomakefriendsvaries（变化）frompersontoperson.Tosomepeople,makingfriendsiseasy,buttoothersit’sverydifficult.

Weallhavetheabilitytomakefriends.Unfortunately,manypeopleneverreachtheirpotential（潜能）.Makingfriendsisaskill,andthefirststepindevelopingthatskillisknowinghowtogetalongwithothers.

Peoplewhoaregoodatgettingalongwithotherstakeaninterestinwhatotherpeoplelike.Theylearntodevelopintereststhatmakethemenjoyabletobearound.Therefore,themorethingsyourchildknowsabouthowtoconnectwithotherkids,themorechancesheorshehastomakefriends.

Ifyourchildhastroublemakingfriends,youcantellhimorhertodo:

※Developasenseofhumor.Learntolaughatyourselfandyourshortcoming.Itwillrelieve（释放）someofthestress（压力）inyourlife.Ifyoufeellikepokingfunatsomeone,letitbeyou,neveranyoneelse.Smile,smile,smile.

※Respecttherightsofothers.Theyhavetheiropinions;youhaveyours.Differentopinionsarehealthy.Learnhowtolistentootherswithoutputtingthemdownortryingtopersuadethemthatyouropinionisright.

※Bekind.Throughoutyourlife,youwilllearnthatifyouarekindtoothers,theywillusuallybekindtoyou.WhenshouldyoustartbeingkindRightnow/.Givesomeoneacompliment（恭维）.Openthedoorforsomeone.Wavetoafriend.Encouragesomeonewhoisdiscouraged.Saysomethingpositive（积极的）.Therearehundredsoflittlethingsyoucandotoshowkindness.

※Nevergiveup.Evenifyouarefacedwithnegative,（消极的）close-mindedpeople,nevergiveup.Don’tletthemchangeyouintooneofthem.Findpeoplewhowillappreciate（欣赏）you.

5.Theabilityofmakingfriends_______.

A.issimilarB.isquitedifferent

C.differsaccordingtotheeducationonereceives

D.dependsonone’sexperience

6.Themostimportantthinginmakingfriendsis_______.

A.toloveeachotherB.toknowothers’wayoflife

C.tobeabletogetalongwithothersD.tohaveyourownadvantageinlife

7.Whichofthefollowingshouldnotonedoinmakingfriends

A.Toshowyourownadvantagesandshortcomings

B.Tobefriendlytoothers

C.Neveracceptwhatyoudon’tknow

D.Nevergiveupbeforedifficulties

8.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Friendshipisquitenecessaryinone’slifeandstudy

B.Friendshipisoflittlevalueinourlife

C.Friendshipcanenrichourlife

D.Friendshipisthebasicsourceofourhappiness

Motorolasetoutaspecialgrogrammeforchildrenlastweekwiththeaimofdevelopingchildren’sbusinessskillsandpreparingthemforafutureentrepreneurs.

Eighty-sevenchildrenagedbetween12and16fromBeijingandTianjinattendedtheone-weektrainingprogrammecalled“YouthDiscovery.”TheyweredirectedbyMotorolaUniversity’s（MU）instructors（教员）andmarketingspecialists（专家）.Thechildrenlearnedaboutdealingwithapracticalproblem-marketingandworkedoutamarketingplanbythemselves.Lastweek26childrenofMotorolaemployeesintianjingcompletedtheirtrainingintheMU-TianjinLearningCenter.

Throughthetrainingprogramme,childrenlearnthowtogetinformationthroughdifferentkindsofsources,determineend-user（直接用户）needs,makeupmessagesofvaluetocustomers,andcommunicateusingvariousmeansandequipment.

Educatorsactedonlyasteam“directors,”providingchildrenwithhelptodicovertheirownanswers.Thechildrengavetheirsolutions（解决方案）toMotorola’smanagementandtheirparentswerealsopresentonthelastdayoftheprogramme.

Thechildren,mostofwhomwereprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,presentedthemselvesfreely.

Thestudentssaidthattheypreferredtheopenandpracticalwayoflearning.

“YouthDicovery,”startedbyMotorola’sformerpresidentRobertGalvin,designedandcarriedoutbyMotorolaUniversity,aimedtobringthetalents（才能）ofyoungpeopleintofullplayandencouragedthemtodiscoverhowtheirskillscancontibutetoateamtohelitreachanaim.

9.Theunderlinedword“entrepreneurs”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans_______.

A.schoolmastersB.actors

C.managersD.scientists

10.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Theinstructorstaughtthestudentshowtoworkoutamarketingplan.

B.Theprogrammewasstarted,designedandcarriedoutbyMotorolaUniversity.

C.TheprogrammeisverycommoninTianjin.

D.Theprogrammeaimsatdevelopingchildren’sabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.

11.Whatroledotheeducatorsplayintheprogramme

A.PresidentsB.Directors

C.BusinessmenD.Employees

12.“YouthDiscovery”isagreatsuccessbecause_____.

A.itswayagreeswithchildren’scharactersofinterest

B.It’sdesignedbyMotorolaUniversity

C.thechildren’sparentstookpartinit

D.thechildrencomefromBeijingandTianjin

Thehumannosehasgiventothelanguageoftheworldmanyinterestingexpressions.Ofcourse,thisisnotsurprising.Withoutthenose,wecouldnotbreatheorsmell.Itisthepartofthefacethatgivesapersonspecialcharacter.CyranodeBergeracesaidthatalargenoseshowedagreatman–courageous,manlyandwise.

Afamouswomanpoetwishedthatshehadtwonosestosmellarose!BlaisePasealmadeaninterestingremarkaboutCheopattasnose.Ifithadbeenshorter,hesaid,itwouldhavechangedthewholefaceoftheworld!

Man’snosehashadanimportantroleinhisimagination.Manhasreferredtothenoseinmanywaystoexpresshisemotions.Expressionsdealingwiththenoserefertohumanweakness,anger,pride,jealousy（嫉妒）andrevenge（报复）.

InEnglishthereareanumberofphrasesaboutthenose.Forexample,toholdupone’snoseexpressesabasichumanfeeling:pride.Peoplecanholduptheirnosesatpeople,things,andplaces.

Thephrase,tobeledaroundbythenose,showsman’sweakness.Apersonwhoisledaroundbythenoseletsotherpeoplecontrolhim.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhofollowshisnoseletshisinstinct（本能）guidehim.

Thereareanumberofothers.However,itshouldbeasplainasthenoseonyourfacethatthenoseismorethananorganforbreathingandsmelling.

13.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.anorgan,withwhichpeoplecanbreatheandsmell

B.thenose,whichgivesdifferentandusefulexpressions

C.thenosegivingapersonspecialcharacter

D.interestingremarksaboutthenosemadebysomepeople

14.Thenoseexpresses_____.

A.somehumanweaknessorotherB.people’sdisadvantages

C.people’sdifferentemotionsD.humanfeelingsinbadsense

15.Apersonwhofollowshisnose_____.

A.won’ttakeothers’adviceB.iseasilycontrolledbyothers

C.isweak-mindedD.haswillofhisown

16.Howmanyexpressionsaboutthenosearementionedinthepassage

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

Sometimeinthenextcentury,thefamiliarearly-newspaperonthefrontporch（门廊）willdisappear.Andinsteadofreadingyournewspaper,itwillreadtoyou.You’llgetupandturnonthecomputernewspaperjustlikeswitchingontheTV.Anelectronicvoicewilldistributestoriesaboutthelatestevents,guidedbyaprogramthatselectsthetypeofnewsyouwant.You’llevengettochoosethekindofvoiceyouwanttohear.WantmoreinformationonthebriefstoryAsimpletouchmakestheentiretextappear.Saveitinyourownpersonalcomputerifyoulike.Theseareamongthepredictions（预言）fromcommunicationexpertsworkingonthenewspapersofthefuture.Picturedaspartofbroaderhome-basedmediaandentertainmentsystems,computernewspaperswoulduniteprintandbroadcastreporting,offeringnewsandanalysiswithvideoimagesofnewsevents.

Mostofthetechnologyisavailable（可用的）now,butconvincing（说服）morepeoplethattheydon’tneedtoreadanewspaperisthenextstep.Butresistancetocomputernewspapermaybestrongerfromwithinjournalism.Sinceitissuchaculturalchange,itmaybethatthepresentgenerationofjournalistsandpublisherswillhavetodieoffbeforethenextgenerationrealizethatthenewspaperindustryisnolongeranewspaperindustry.Technologyismakingtheendoftraditionalnewspapersunavoidable.

Despite（尽管）technologicaladvances,itcouldtakedecadestoreplacenewsprintwithcomputerscreens.Itmighttake30to40yearstocompletethechangeoverbecausepeopleneedtobuycomputersandbecausenewspapershaveestablishedfinancial（财经的）interestsinthepaperindustry.

17.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.

A.ComputerNewspapersAreWellLiked

B.NewspapersoftheFutureWillLikelyBeonComputer

C.NewspapersAreoutofFashion

D.NewCommunicationsTechnology

18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcomputernewspapers

A.Theyarecheaperthantraditionalnewspapers.

B.Theyareveryconvenienttouse.

C.Youcangetmoreinformationfromthemquickly.

D.Youcaneasilystoreinformationforfutureuse.

19.JournalistsareNOTeagertoacceptcomputernewspapers,because_____.

A.theydon’tknowhowtousecomputers

B.theythinkcomputernewspaperstaketoomuchtimetoread

C.theythinkthenewtechnologyisbad

D.theyhavebeentrainedtowritefortraditionalnewspapers

20.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

A.alltechnologicalchangesaregood

B.alltechnologieswillfinallyreplaceoldones

C.newtechnologieswillfinallyreplaceoldones

D.traditionalnewspapersareheretostayforanothercentury

LastsummerIlearnttorideabicycle,Atfirst,Iwas1__________

unabletocontrolit’sdirection.SometimesIfellto2__________

therightortotheleft.Iwasworriedandaskmyfather3__________

impatientlyhowIcouldridestraight,sohedidn’t4__________

answermedirectly.Instead,hetookmetosideofthe5__________

street.“canyoufindanybiketrackisreallystraight”6__________

askedmyfather.Iwatchedmorecarefullyandshookmy7__________

head.“No,”hesaid,“infact,neitherofthetracksis8__________

alwaysstraight.Butjustbycorrectthedirection9__________

everynowandthen,youhadalreadygoneforward.”10_________

Unit24Mainlyrevision

congratulatevt.祝贺chainn.连锁;链条;锁链

haircutn.理发secretaryn.秘书

forgivevt.原谅;宽恕repayvt.偿还;还钱给（某人）

owevt.欠（债）等rollvt.滚动;打滚

trickn.恶作剧tearvt.&vi.扯破;撕开

paintern.绘画者;（油）画家pinvt.（用别针等）别住;（用钉等）钉住

wish…everysuccess祝……成功

congratulate…on…祝贺

help…out帮助某人解决困难

insiston坚持;坚持认为;坚决要求

playatrickon捉弄……

makeprogress取得进步

haveapicnic去野炊

inallone’slife一生

gettiredof对……感到厌烦

beopento对……开放

make/earnmoney赚钱

drinktosth.为……干杯

二、精彩回放

1.congratulate

【用法】vt.恭喜，祝贺

例如：Iwanttocongratulateyouwithallmyheart.

我衷心地祝贺你。

1）congratulatesb.on…因……祝贺某人（向……道喜）

congratulatesb.on（hismarriage,newjob,goodexamresults,etc.）

例1：Icongratulatedmyfriendonherbirthday.

我向我的朋友表示生日的祝贺。

例2：Youcancongratulateyourselfonhavingdoneagoodjob.

你应该祝贺自己干得很好。

2）若用名词表示祝贺，要用复数形式。

例1：Congratulationsonwinningtheprize!祝贺你获奖

例2：Congratulations！祝贺你。

2.forgive

【用法】vt.&vi.（forgave;forgiven）原谅，宽恕

例1：Iforgaveheralongtimeago.

我早已原谅她了。

例2：Pleaseforgiveme.Ididn’tmeantoberude.

请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。

例1：Icannotforgivemyselffornotgoingtoseemymotherbeforeshedied.

我无法原谅自己在母亲去世前没能去看她一眼。

例2：I’llneverforgiveyouforwhatyouhavedonetoyourparents.

我不会原谅你对你父母所做的错事。

3.owe

【用法】vt.欠，欠债

例如：Iowehim100yuan.

我欠他100元。

1）owesth.（tosb.forsth.）欠，欠债

例如：Theorangejuicecost￥5,butIonlypaid￥4,soIstillowe￥1.

橘子汁要5元，我付了4元，还欠1元。

2）owesb.sth.（=owesth.tosb.）感恩，感激，对……负有义务

例1：Weoweourparentsalot.我们十分感激父母。

例2：Ioweyouanapologize.我该向你道歉。

3）owesth.to归功于，由于

例1：Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.

她把自己的成功归功于好运气。

例2：Thestudentowedhisprogresstohisteacher’sencouragement.

这名学生把自己的进步归功于老师的鼓励。

4.tear（tore；torn）

【用法一】vt.撕，扯；猛拉

例1：Hetoretheletterintopieces.

他把信撕成碎片。

例2：Theladytorethecurtainasideandlookedout.

那位女士把窗帘猛的拉开往外看。

【用法二】vi.奔跑；快步走开

例如：Thefilmwasoverandtheaudiencetoreoutofthecinema.

电影完了，观众从影院里跑出来。

1）tearat用力撕扯；企图撕开（只强调动作）

例如：Shewastearingatthewrappingoftheparcelandwantedtoknowwhatwasinsideit.

她极力撕扯开那包裹的外层,想看看里面有什么。

2）teardown拆毁；拆卸

例如：Theyaretearingdowntheoldhousesinordertoputupanewapartmentbuildinghere.

他们在拆那些旧房子,打算在这里盖新公寓。

3）tearoff撕掉；匆匆脱掉；匆匆写成

例1：Theyoungmantoreoffhiscoatandplungedintotherivertosavethelittlegirl.

那年轻人匆匆脱掉他的上衣跳进河里救那个小女孩。

例2：Hetoreoffalettertohiswifewhilehewaswaitingforthetrainatthestation.

他在火车站等火车的时候匆匆给他妻子写了一封信。

4）tearoneselfaway（from）依依不舍地离开；忍痛而去

例如：TheTVplaywassomovingthatwecouldscarcelytearourselvesawayfromit.

电视剧是如此的感人以至于我们看完后仍舍不得离去。

5.insist

【用法一】v.坚决要求；坚持要；一定要

例1：Weinsistedonhisapology.

我们要他赔礼道歉。

例2：Sheinsistedonseeingushome.

她坚持要送我们回家。

例3：Iinsistedontheirarrivingthereaheadoftime.

我坚持要他们提前赶到那。

注：1）insiston后面不能接由“名词或代词+动词不定式”构成的复合宾语。不能说：TheteacherinsistedonallthecompositionstobehandedinonMonday.

2）insist+宾语从句（从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或

省去should）。例如：Theyoungmeninsistedthatthey（should）besenttothefront.

那些年轻人坚持要求被派往前线去。

【用法二】v.坚持认为，坚持说，强调

1）insiston+名词。

例如：Heinsistedonhisinnocence.

他坚持说自己无罪。

2）insiston+宾语从句在表示一个客观事实时（谓语动词不用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气）。

例如：Theboyinsistedthathehadn’tbrokentheglass.

那小男孩坚持说他没有打烂玻璃杯。

6.repay（repaid；repaid）

【用法】v.还钱，偿还某物；报答某人

例1：Ifyoulendme￡2,I’llrepayittomorrow.

你借给我两镑，我明天还你。

例2：HowcanIeverrepay（youfor）yourkindness.

我如何才能报答你对我的恩情。

1.help…out

help…out帮（忙）助某人解决（摆脱）困难（困境）

例1：Ifyoumeetwithanydifficulty,I’llhelpyouout.

如果你有困难,我一定会帮你的。

例2：Tomhelpsoutinthestoreafterschool.

汤母放学后帮店里做点事。

2.playatrickon

playatrickon捉弄，戏弄

例如：Don’tplayatrickonhim,heisanhonestguy.

别捉弄他,他可是个老实人。

1）haveajokewithsb./jokewithsb.和某人开玩笑

例如：Theboyishavingajokewiththegirl./Theboyisjokingwiththegirl.

小男孩正在和姑娘开玩笑。

2）makefunofsb.嘲弄某人；嘲笑某人

例如：Don’tmakefunofthedisabled.

不要嘲笑那些残疾人。

3.betiredof…

betiredof…对……厌烦

例1：I’mtiredofthesamefoodforbreakfasteverymorning.

每天早上吃同样的早餐,我都有点厌烦了.

例2：HesaidheistiredoflearningEnglish.

他说他不想学英语了。

1）gettiredof意思同betiredof对……厌烦

例如：Wegottiredofhislongandtiringspeech.

我们已厌烦了他那长而无味的演讲.

2）betiredwith/from因……而疲倦

例1：Areyoutiredfromrunning

跑步后累了吗

例2：Thelittleboyistiredwithtoomuchhomework..

小孩因为做了太多的作业已很疲倦了。

3）besickof对……厌烦

例如：Iamsickoftalkingwiththatfellow.

我讨厌和那家伙谈话。

4.Let…drinkto…

Let…drinkto…为……干杯

例1：Let’sdrinktothesuccessofyourschool.

让我们为你学校的成功举办干杯!

例2：Letmedrinktothefurtherdevelopmentofyourbusiness.

现在,咱们为你事业的进一步发展干杯!

例如：Let’sproposeatoasttothefriendshipbetweenthetwocountries.

我提议为两国的友谊干杯。

5.runaschool

runaschool开办学校

例如：Runningaschoolneedsalotofmoney.

开办一所学校需要很多钱。

runarestaurant经营饭店

runeveningclasses办夜校

6.makeeveryefforttodosth.

makeeveryefforttodosth.竭尽所能做某事

例如：I’llmakeeveryefforttoarriveontime.

我会尽力按时赶到.

1)maketheeffort做出努力

例如：Thankyouformakingthegreatefforttohelpuswiththefarmwork.

谢谢你们这么努力地帮我们干农活.

2)makeaneffort努力/makeaspecialeffort格外努力

例如：Theymadeaspecialefforttohelptheboyfromthecountryside.

他们格外努力地帮助那个来自农村的孩子。

3)makeanothereffort再做一次努力

例如：Weshouldmakeanothereffort.Ifwefail,that’snotourfault.

我们再努力一次吧.如果失败了,那也不是我们的错。

7.owingto

owingto由于；因为（多作状语）

例如：Owingtotherain,thesportsmeetingwasputoff.

由于大雨,运动会被推迟了。

1）thanksto幸亏，由于，因为

例1：ImademuchprogressinEnglishthankstoyourencouragement

因为有你的鼓励,我的英语学习取得了很大的进步。

例2：Allthepeopleonboardweresavedthankstotheeffortmadebythecaptain.

因为船长的努力,船上的所有人都获救了。

2）dueto由于，因为（多作状语）

例如：Duetohislaziness,hefailedthreetimesintheexamination.

他因为懒,三次考试不及格。

4)becauseof由于，因为

例如：Wedidn’tgetthereontimebecauseoftheheavytraffic.

因为路上车辆拥挤,我们没能按时赶到。

1.Iwishyoueverysuccessinthefuture.

祝你万事如意!

【解析1】Iwishyou＋n./adj.是用来表示“祝贺”的交际用语,常用于比较正式的场合。对于这类祝愿可用Thankyou.表示感谢。

例1：Iwishyouapleasanttrip.

祝你旅途愉快!

例2：Hiscolleagueswishedhimhappinessonhisretirement.

他的同事们祝他退休后幸福安乐。

例3：Iwishyousuccess/luck/victory/happy.

祝你成功/好运/胜利/幸福.

【解析2】表示“祝愿”还可以用Ihope＋that从句这一结构,口语that常被省略.

例1：Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.

祝你早日康复。

例2：Ihopeeverythinggoeswellwithyourwork.

祝你工作如意顺心。

2.It’stoobad（that）…真糟糕……

【解析】对某事遗憾时用该句型。

例1：It’stoobad（that）youcan’tcometotheparty.

你不能来参加晚会真是太可惜了。

例2：It’stoobad（that）Ihavemadesuchafriend!

我竟然结交了这样的朋友真是太糟了!

3.It’sreallyashamethat…真是可惜……

【解析】此句型同“It’stoobadthat…”差不多

例1：It’sreallyashamethatyoudidn’twin.

你输了比赛很可惜。

例2：Isn’titreallyashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic

很遗憾,大雨破坏了我们野炊的兴致。

4.Doyourememberthefirsttimewemet你还记得我们第一次见面的情景吗

【解析1】wemet是定语从句,前边省略了that。

time作先行词,前面如有序数词和last时,引导定语从句不用when,只能用that或两者都不用。但前面如无序数词或last时,则既可用when也可用that引导定语从句。

例1：ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.

这是我最后一次给你们上课。

例2：ThefirsttimeIsawPremierZhouEnlaiwasin1958.

我第一次见周恩来总理是在1958年。

例3：Idon’tknowtheexacttimewhen（that）thetrackandfieldmeetwilltakeplace.

【解析2】Thisisthefirsttime/secondtime…后接从句时,用现在完成时。

例如：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.

这是我第一次到这儿。

5.I’mafraidI’mstillnotverygoodatit,though.

然而,恐怕我学得不好。

【解析1】though在句中作副词,意思是“可是”、“然而”、“不过”,一般放在句尾,常用逗号与句子分开。

例如：I’vegotabitofcold.It’snothingmuch,though.

我有点感冒,不过并不严重。

【解析2】though也可作连词,意为“虽然”、“尽管”,引导一个让步状语从句,从句可放在主句前后。

例如：Thearticleisveryimportantthoughitisshort.

名词后缀的几种用法

1.–age表示“状态”、“身份”、“地点”、“场所”等。如：advantage优势，average平均，cottage小屋，courage勇气，postage邮资，voyage航海，……

2.–al表示“动作”、“过程”等。如；arrival到达，burial埋葬，refusal拒绝，……

3.–ance表示“状态”、“动作”、“性质”等。如：balance平衡，appearance外貌，distance距离，entrance入口处，importance重要性，……

4.–dom表示“状态”、“职位”、“领域”、“身份”等。如：freedom自由，kingdom王国，wisdom聪明，……

5.–ee表示“动作的承受者”。如：employee雇员，examinee应试者，trainee受训者，……

6.–er表示“做……的人或物”。如：beginner初学者，butcher屠夫，buyer购买者customer顾客，dancer舞蹈者，……

7.–ese附在地名后表示“……人”、“……语”等。如：Chinese汉语；中国人，Japanese日语，日本人，Portuguese葡萄牙语；葡萄牙人，……

8.–ess附在名词后表示“女性的”、“雌性的”。如：actress女演员，goddess女神，lioness雌狮，poetess女诗人，tigeress母老虎，waitress女招待，……

10.–（i）an附在地名后表“……地方人”、“精通……的人”、“信奉……的人”等。如：African非洲人，European欧洲人，musician音乐家，librarian图书管理员，politician政治家，……

11.–ing表示“动作”、“过程”、“结果”等。如：beginning开始，ceiling天花板，climbing爬山，clothing衣服，cooking烹饪，crossing十字路口，……

12.–ist表示“……主义者”、“有某特长的人”等。如：artist艺术家，chemist化学家，communist共产主义者，cyclist骑自行车者，journalist新闻工作者，……

14.–ness附在形容词后表示“状态”、“性质”、“程度”等。如：blindness失明，business生意；业务，carefulness粗心，darkness黑暗，……

15.–or服在动词后表示“行动的执行者”。如：actor演员，visitor访问者，collector收集家；采集者；competitor竞争者，conductor指挥家，指导者，售票员，……

16.–ship表示“状态”、“身份”、“情况”、“职业”等。如：championship冠军，citizenship公民权，friendship友谊，ownership艰难，leadership领导，……

17.–sion表示“状态”、“行为”、“结果”、“性质”等。如：conclusion总结，decision决定，discussion讨论，expression表情，短语；possession拥有，占有，……

18.–th附在形容词后表示“状态”、“过程”、“性质”等。如：breath呼吸，depth深度，growth成长，health健康，length长度，strength力量，truth真理，wealth财产，……

19.–tion表示“身份”、“地点”、“场所”、“性质”等。如：action行动，celebration庆祝，competition竞争，congratulation祝贺，consideration考虑，……

20.–（i）ty构成抽象名词，表示“状态”、“动作”、“结果”等。如：ability能力，beauty美，漂亮，minority少数，nationality国籍，equality平等，majority多数，possibility可能性，……

21.–y表示“境遇”、“性质‘等。如：bravery勇敢，difficult困难，discovery发现，honesty诚实，modesty谦虚，slavery奴隶制度，……

Farewells（告别）

IamafraidImustbeleaving\going\offnow.

我得走了。

Ithinkit’stimeforustoleavenow.

我想我们该走了。

It’stimeImet\did…

该我做……的时候了。

Ihavetogonow.

我必须走了。

.Good-bye!\Bye-Bye!\Bye!再见。

Seeyou.\Seeyoulater.\Seeyouthen.\Seeyousoon.\Seeyoutomorrow.

Goodnight.

晚安。

I’mreallygoingtomissyou.

我会想念你的。

Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagainsoon.Good-bye.

渴望很快再见到你,再见。

三、活学活用

背景提示：李明到Bob家做客,吃饭后告别。

Bob:Wouldyoulikesomemorebeef

LiMing:Thanks!____________1___________.

Bob:Asliceofwatermelon

LiMing:Thanks.Oh!_________2_____________.

Bob:Mustyougonow

LiMing:________3________.Thanksforyourdeliciousmeal.

Bob:Iamverygladyouenjoyedit.Seeyoutomorrow.

LiMing:Bye!_______4_________.

背景提示：李明到火车站送王芳回家。

WangFang:Thetrainiscoming.Dear,Imustbegoingnow.

LiMing:_____5______.youhaveplentyoftime.

WangFang:Takecareofyourself.

LiMing:ThanksandIsurelywill.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily.

Wang:________6_______.

LiMing:__________7___________.

Wang:Metoo.IamafraidImustgonow.

LiMing:Bye!Seeyounexttime.

背景提示：两人讨论是去爬山还是去钓鱼。

A:We’vegotaverybusyweek.It’shightimeforus______8______.

B:Yes.Ithinkso.

A:9fortheweekend

B:Noprogramme.

A:Well.10goingfishingMyhandsarealreadyitching（tograspthefishingpole）

B:Don’tyouthink11isevenmoreinterestingthanfishingA:Mountainclimbingistootiring.Aren’twetorelaxourselves

B:O.K.Let’sgofishingovertheweekend.

A:Good!That’smorelikeit.

Thecomputeristhegreatestinventionthiscentury.Sincethefirstcomputercameintotheworld.Ithasdevelopedquicklyandchangedourlifegreatly.Sinceitcanthink,canremember,andcancalculatemuchfasterthanahumanbeing.Itiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,education,business,travelserviceandsoon.Forexample,peopleattheairportcanmakebuyingandsellingticketsfasterandeasierwiththecomputer.Bythe21stcentury,thecomputerwillcomeintoeveryone’slife,soitisimportantforustolearncomputerwell.

developvt.发展greatlyadv.大大地

inventionn.发明widelyadv.广泛地

cameinto进入andsoon诸如此类

makebuyingandsellingticketsfasterandeasier使得买卖票更快更容易

中国于2001年底加入了世界贸易组织（WTO）。请你根据下表提供的信息,谈一谈中国入世的利与弊。

注意:1.120词左右;2.开头已为你写好。

参考词汇:1.关税tariff2.外资foreigninvestment3.电信telecommunication

4.机遇opportunity5.挑战challenge

利

1.关税降低,外国产品大量进入,商品价格下降。（如:进口汽车价格下降1/3左右。）

2.更多外资进入中国市场。

3.人民生活会更富裕。

弊

1.竞争更激烈,汽车、电信、农业等面临更大压力。

2.经营不善的工厂会倒闭,失业会有所增加。

结果

1.促使工厂企业提高管理水平和产品质量。

2.通过参与国际竞争,中国会更强大。

结论

机遇和挑战并存,利大于弊。

ChinaenteredtheWTOattheendof2001.__________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（A）NorwegiansandtheNature

ThecapitalofNorway,Oslo,hasapopulationofbarelyhalfamillion.Thecityensuresthenecessaryadministrativeandculturalcohesionofapeoplewhohaveaverystrongsenseofharmonywiththenature,bornintheirdistantVikingpastandproudlycultivatedthroughouttheyears.

ThefundamentalrelationshipthatNorwegianshavewithnaturemakesthemopenanduninhibitedwithrespecttonudity.Here,thehumanbodyisdisplayedwithspontaneityanddirectness,likeoneofthemanynaturalelementsthatblendinwiththelandscape.

InfrontofthesquareoftheCityHall,thequaythatoverlooksthefjord-theAkerBrygge-hasbeenattractivelyrestructuredandturnedintoawalk,ashoppingcenterandanentertainmentarea.Butthegrandspectacleisstillthebeatingofthewavesoftheseaandtheboatsbathedinthegoldenlightofthesummer.

Theinteriorofthecountryisincrediblyruggedandalmostonethirdofitiscoveredintrees.Despiteitsnorthernlatitude,theNorwegianclimateisessentiallymaritimeanddamp,becauseitisinfluencedbythemitigatingactionofthewarmGulfStream,originatingfromtheGulfofMexico,whichflowsupthecoastpreventingtheformationofseaice.

Bergen,aportlyinginthesoutheastofthecountry,iscrowdedwithbrightlycoloredhouses,whichbelongedtoGermantradersofthepowerfulHanseaticLeague.Despiteseveralfires,theareamaintainstheatmosphereofthe"oldport"andCommercialCityfromtheMiddleAges.UNESCOrecentlydeclareditaWorldHeritageSiteandincludeditinthelistofmonumentsthataretobepreserved.

ThereisalargeparkinthecenterofBergenwhichistakenupalmostcompletelybyanoctagonallake,aroundwhich,liesomeoftheprincipalmuseumsinthecity.

TheHakonshallen,themostbeautifulmonumentinthecity,lieswithinthewallsofBergen'sfortress.Thegreat13thcenturyGothichallwasbuiltforthepartiesandthereceptionsinthedaysofthecity'scontrolovertradeintheNorthSea.

YougetthebestviewoverBergen,thefjordsandthesurroundingpine-coveredmountainsfromthebelvedere.It'seasytoadmireNorwegiansfortheiruniquewayofrespectingthenature!

Fromnorthtosouth,fromLaplandtoOsloandBergen,Norwegianpeoplehasconvincedus,withtime,thathumanbeings,asthemostadvancedyetmostvulnerableinthegrandfamilyofnature,canliveinharmonywithallitsothermembers.

（一）挪威人和自然

挪威首都奥斯陆人口不足五十万，它的城市文化给人们带了强烈的凝聚力，人们有了一种与自然和谐相处的责任感。这种凝聚力源自他们的历史，并且得到了发扬和光大。

挪威人与自然的亲密关系造就了挪威人的单纯和不羁。他们对人体艺术大胆而由衷的追求，使他们与自然景观融为了一体。

市政厅广场前，AkerBrygge码头俯瞰着海湾。如今，它已经变成了步行街、购物中心和娱乐区。但最引人注目的仍然是峡湾中的声声海浪和沐浴在日光下的片片轻舟。

挪威的内陆地形崎岖，近三分之一被树木覆盖。尽管纬度很高，挪威的海洋气候却是十分湿润，它受来自墨西哥湾的暖洋流影响，沿海终年不结冰。

卑尔根，挪威东南港城，布满了许多颜色鲜艳的小房子，它们属于汉萨联盟的德国商人们。数次大火之后，卑尔根仍然保持了中世纪港口和商业中心的原来面貌。联合国教科文组织把它列入了世界文化遗产名录予以保护。

卑尔根市中心有一个大公园。整个公园几乎被一个八角湖所覆盖，它周围聚集了市内主要的博物馆。

市内最美丽的遗迹Hakonshallen位于卑尔根堡的城墙之内，这座13世纪的哥特式建筑，原是在卑尔根掌控北海海上贸易的时期为聚会和接待客人而修建的。

在观景台上能看到卑尔根、海湾及周围葱葱群山最好的风光。在这儿，我们将由衷的对挪威人尊崇自然的独特方式而感叹。

（B）DrivinginAmerica

InAmerica,drivingisawayoflife.

It'snotthatthere'snopublictransportationinAmerica.Manycitieshavetaxis,busesandsubwaystohelpcommutersgettoandfromwork.Somelargeuniversitiesevenhavebusestotakestudentstoclassesacrosscampus.Butmostpeoplefinditmuchmoreconvenienttodrive,eveniftheydohavetodealwithtraffic.Nowadaysbusyfamiliesoftenhavemorethanonevehicle.Manypeopleviewtheircarasastatussymbol.Butnomattertheirsocialstatus,peoplewithoutwheelsfeeltieddown.Butpeoplealsoneedtolearnsomeofthebasicrulesoftheroadthatgooddriversfollow.

Hereare10CommandmentsofGoodDrivinginAmerica:

1.Yieldtovehicleswhohavetherightofway.

2.Don'tcutinfrontofothervehicles.

3.Drivewithinthespeedlimit.

4.Obeyallroadsignsandpoliceofficers.

5.Pullovertothesideoftheroadwhenyouhearasiren.

6.Stopcompletelyatredlightsandstopsigns.

7.Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks.

8.Parkonlyinadesignatedparkingspace.

9.Useyourturnsignalswhenturningorchanginglanes.

10.Don'tdrinkanddrive.

DrivingistoAmericanswhatflyingistobirds.It'salmostpartoftheirnature.FormanyAmericans,beingbehindthewheelisliketheirnaturalhabitat.Butiftheydon'tdrivecarefully,theycanbecomeanendangeredspecies.

（二）美国人的开车习惯

在美国开车是一种生活方式。

美国不是没有大众运输工具，很多都市都有出租车、公车和地下铁帮助通车族上下班。有些规模大的大学甚至有公车在校园里载送学生到各个教室上课。不过大部份的人还是觉得开车更方便，即使他们得面对交通拥挤的问题。现今忙碌的家庭通常拥有一辆以上的车。很多人把车子视为地位的象征，但是不管他们的社会地位如何，没有车的人往往觉得很受束缚。.大家都需要学习一些好的驾驶人应该遵守的基本道路规则。

下面是在美国优良驾驶的十大诫命：

1.礼让有先行权的车子。

2.不超车。

3.行车不超速。

4.遵守所有的路标和交通警察的指挥。

5.听到警笛声时，立即靠边停车。

6.遇到红灯和停止标志时要完全停下来。

7.在行人穿越道上要礼让行人。

8.只能在指定的停车地区内停车。

9.转弯或换车道时要打方向灯。

10.不要酒后驾车。

开车对美国人的必要性，就像鸟儿需要飞翔一样，几乎就是他们天性的一部份。对许多美国人而言，「坐在方向盘后面」就像是他们自然栖息之处。不过，如果他们不小心开车的话，他们可就会变成濒临危险的动物了。

1.WhenIpassedtheentranceexamination,myfamilymemysuccess.

A.celebrated;onB.congratulated;on

C.celebrated;toD.congratulated;to

2.WeallourachievementstothewiseleadershipofourParty.

A.haveB.getC.oweD.own

3.ShallwemakeachangetodayI’mgettingeatingtheboiledeggsevery

morning.

A.tiredofB.fondofC.interestedinD.angryat

4.Thoughtenyearswentby,hismistakesshouldn’t.

A.apologizeB.beapologizedC.forgiveD.beforgiven

5.Thedoctorthatthepatientsmoking.

A.insistedon;stopB.insisted;stop

C.suggested;stopsD.suggested;willstop

6.——Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm

——Wonderful!Neversuchanexcellentfilm.

A.IsawB.IhaveseenC.didIseeD.haveIseen

7.Yousee,theschoolwillbeexpensiveandweshallneedalotofgoodteachers.

A.toworkB.torunC.togotoD.study

8.Peopleoftentrafficaccidentsinnewspapers.

A.readaboutB.readC.watchD.lookat

9.Energyismakesthingswork.

A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.that

10.Hissuggestiontoseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.

A.thatwewouldgoB.thatwego

C.whichweshouldgoD.weshouldgo

11.Iwishyoumeearlier.

A.toldB.wouldhavetoldC.hadtoldD.tell

12.theinstrumentsaremadeinChina.

A.NooneofB.NoneofC.NooneD.Nothing

13.Heoftenthinksofhecandomoreforhiscountry.

A.whatB.howC.thatD.which

14.Wemustfacedifficultiesbravelyandstruggle___themtoanend.

A.withB.for.C.against.D.at.

15.Ihopeeverythingwellwithyourwork.

A.goB.togoC.goesD.went

Aslateas1800,women’sonlyplacewasinthehome.Theideaofwomeninthe1worldwasunthinkable.2“nice”womanwoulddreamof3whatwasstrictlya“man’sworld”.Evenifshecould,whatwouldshedo

4wasthefirstprofession（职业）5towomensoonafter1800.Buteventhatwasnotan6professionforwomentoenter7mosthighschoolsandcollegeswereopenonlyto8.OberlinCollegeinOniowasthefirstcollegeinAmericato9women.

Hospitalnursingbecame10workforwomenonlyafterFlorenceNightingalebecame11.Becauseshewasawealthy,andeducatedwoman,aswellasa12,peoplebegantobelieveitwas13forwomentocareforthe14andstillbe“ladies”.MissNightingaleopenedEngland’sfirsttrainingschool15nursesin1860.

Theinventionofthetypewriterin186716tobringwomenoutofthe17andintothebusinessworld.Becausewomenhadquick18,theylearnedtooperatetypewritersquicklyand19.Businessmenfoundthattheyhadto20womenforthisnewkindofwork.

1.A.futureB.presentC.businessD.English-speaking

2.A.AB.NoC.TheD.Every

3.A.knowingB.enteringC.studyingD.building

4.A.CookingB.FarmingC.NursingD.Teaching

5.A.openB.closedC.usefulD.harmful

6.A.easyB.excitingC.importantD.admiring

7.A.ifB.thoughC.unlessD.because

8.A.ladiesB.menC.studentsD.children

9.A.fireB.teachC.acceptD.refuse

10.A.hardB.heavyC.part-timeD.respectable

11.A.tiredB.cleverC.famousD.disappointed

12.A.nurseB.doctorC.teacherD.secretary

13.A.unfitB.possibleC.difficultD.dangerous

14.A.oldB.poorC.richD.sick

15.A.ofB.forC.aboutD.among

16.A.hadB.neededC.helpedD.happened

17.A.homeB.worldC.schoolsD.hospitals

18.A.eyesB.earsC.mindsD.fingers

19.A.wellB.properlyC.dailyD.continuously

20.A.thankB.hireC.rejectD.praise

OnesillyquestionIsimplycan’tstandis“Howdoyoufeel”Usuallythequestionisaskedofamaninaction-amanonthego,walkingalongthestreets,orbusilyworkingathisdesk.SowhatdoyouexpecthimtosayHe’llprobablysay,“Fine,I’mallright.”Butyouhaveputabug（小虫）inhisear–maybenowhe’snotsure.Ifyouareagoodfriend,youmayhaveseensomethinginhisface,orhiswalk,thatheoverlooked（忽略）thatmorning.Itstartstoworryhimalittle.Firstthingyouknow,helooksinamirrortoseeifeverythingisallright,whileyougomerrilyonyourwaytoasksomeoneelse,“Howdoyoufeel”

Everyquestionhasitstimeandplace.It’sperfectlyacceptable,forinstance,toask“Howdoyoufeel”ifyou’revisitingaclosefriendinthehospital.Butifthefellowiswalkingonbothlegs,hurryingtotakeatrain,orsittingathisdeskworking,it’snotimetoaskhimthatsillyquestion.

WhenGeorgeBernardShaw,thefamouswriterofplays,wasinhiseighties,someoneaskedhim“Howdoyoufeel”Shawputhiminhisplace.“Whenyoureachmyage,”hesaid,“eitheryoufeelallrightoryou’redead.”

1.Accordingtothewriter,greetings,suchas“Howdoyoufeel”,_____.

A.showone’sconsiderationforothersB.areagoodwaytomakefriends

C.arepropertoaskamaninactionD.generallymakeonefeeluneasy（不安）

2.Thequestion“Howdoyoufeel”seemstobecorrectandsuitablewhenaskedof_____.

A.amanworkingathisdeskB.apersonhavinglostaclosefriend

C.astrangerwholookssomewhatworriedD.afriendwhoisill

3.Thewriterseemstofeelthatabusymanshould_____.

A.bepraisedforhiseffortsB.neverbeaskedanyquestions

C.notbebotheredD.bediscouragedfromworkingsohard

4.GeorgeBernardShaw’sreplyinthepassageshowedhis_____.

A.cheerfulnessB.clevernessC.abilityD.politeness

5.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled_____.

A.ASillyQuestionB.Don’tTroubleaBusyMan

C.WhatAreGoodGreetingsD.GeorgeBernardShaw’sReply

EnglishIsPopularinBeijing

“Taxidrivers”,saidBOBICO（Beijing2008OlympicGamesBidCommittee）staff,“arelearningEnglishtosupportthe2008bidfortheOlympicGames.”

AlbertSelmer,aGermanbusinessmanwhospeaksgoodEnglish,waspleasantlysurprisedduringhislatesttriptoBeijing.WhenhegotintoataxionChang’anAvenue（街）,thedrivergreetedhimandaskedwherehewouldliketogo–inEnglish!“Thiscouldn’tbeimaginedeightyearsagowhenIfirstvisitedBeijing,”saidSelmer.Selmerwouldn’thavebeensosurprisedhadheknownsomanypeoplearelearningEnglishinthisOlympicbidcity.

EightyearsagoBeijingfailedinitsbidforthe2000Games.Oneofthereasonswasthatforeignersfoundithardtocommunicate（交流）withBeijingresidents（市民）,mostofwhomspeakonlyChinese.Thistime,thecityisworkingtoimprovecommunication.

“OnegreatchangehashappenedduringBeijing’spreparations.”BOBICOofficialsarespeakingdirectlyinEnglishinsteadofusinginterpretersastheydideightyearsago.

InadditiontoBOBICOofficials,Beijingresidentsarelookingforwardtothe2008Gamesbyactivelylearningtheforeignlanguage.FreeclassesofferedinanumberofBeijingcommunitiesareenjoyinghighattendance.Residentsaretaughtusefulexpressions,greetings,howtogivedirectionsandhowtointroducethemselves.

Shopassistants,busandtaxidriversandevenpolicemenarelearningEnglish.TheyoungtaxidriverwhosurprisedtheGermanvisitorisprobablyoneofthoselearners.

Thefirst-stageaimoftheBeijingcitizens’EnglishSpeakingPlanstartedbythecitygovernmentinAugust,istopopularizeEnglishamonggovernmentstaff,taxidrivers,hotelstaffandshopassistants.InfiveyearsthepercentageofBeijingresidentswhocanspeakEnglishwillberaisedtoaround30percentfromthepresent15percent.

6.AlbertSelmerwassurprisedwhenhegotintothetaxi,because__________.

A.hefoundthedriverservedhimbetter

B.thecardidn’tlookthesameasitdideightyearsgo

C.thedriverwasverypolitetohim

D.thedrivercouldspeakEnglish

7.Fromthispassageweknowthat_______.

A.themainreasonwhyBeijingfailedinitsbidforthe2000GameswasthatveryfewpeoplecouldspeakEnglish

B.AlbertSelmeroftencametoChinainrecentyears

C.BeijingersaretakinganactivepartinlearningEnglish

D.Spoken-Englishisofgreatimportanceinourdailylife

8.Theunderlinedword“free”probablymeans________.

A.looseB.uncontrolledC.notbusyD.costingnothing

9.MoreandmoreBeijingersarelearningEnglishinorderto________.

A.makethemselvesunderstoodeasilywhiletalkingtoforeigners

B.makeEnglishtheofficiallanguageinChina

C.supportthebidforthe2008Olympics

D.matchthemoderndevelopment

Buyinginsuranceisawayinwhichpeoplecanprotectthemselvesagainstlargelosses.Protectionagainstfireisonekindofinsurance.Largenumbersofpeoplepaysmallsumsofmoneytoaninsurancecompany.Althoughthousandsofpeoplehavepaidforfireinsurance,onlyafewwilllosetheirhomesbyfire.Theinsurancecompanywillpayforthesehomesoutofthesmallsumsofmoneyithadcollected.

ThefirstmodernfireinsurancecompanywasfoundedinLondon,inthe1740s.Agreatfirehadjustdestroyedmostofthecityandpeoplewantedprotectionagainstfurtherlosses.Thefirstcompanygrewrapidly.Someothercompanieswerefoundedinotherareas.

BenjaminFranklinhelpedfromthefirstfireinsurancecompanyinAmericain1752,andthenanewkindofinsuranceforfarmerswassuggested.Thenewinsurancewouldprovideprotectionagainstthelossofcropsfromstorms.

LateronanothernewinsurancecompanywasstartedinAmerica.Thiscompany,whichofferedlifeinsurance,collectedsmallsumsofmoneyregularlyfrommanydifferentmen.Ifamandied,hisfamilywasgivenalargesumofmoney.

Overtheyears,insurancecompanieshaveofferednewkindsofinsuranceprotection.Thenewkindsofinsurancecoverfromsuchaccidentsascarandplanecrashes.Todaymostpeoplehavesomekindofinsurance.

10.Thefireinsurancecompanywasfounded______.

A.inEnglandB.in1740

C.inAmericaD.in1752

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue

A.ThefirstmodernfireinsurancecompanywasfoundedbeforeagreatfireinLondon.

B.InAmerica,farmershaveprotectionagainstthelossofcropsfromstormsiftheybuyinsurance.

C.Fireinsurancewillpreventpeople’shomesfromburning.

D.LifeinsurancewasstartedinLondon,England.

12.Insurancemeansprotectionagainst_________.

A.thelossofcarandplanecrashesB.thelossoffire

C.thelossoflifeD.lossesofmanykindsofaccidents

13.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.

A.ProtectionforEveryone

B.TheFirstFireInsuranceCompany

C.TheFoundingoftheInsuranceCompany

D.LifeInsurance

Chinasendsatellitesforoverseasclients

Chinahasrecentlyadvanceditsdesignandmanufacture（制造）ofsatellitesforoverseasclients（海外委托人）.

Atthesametimeithasincreasedjoint（共同的）researchintosatellitetechnologywithforeigncountries.

Sofar,Chinahasbuiltaround30satellites.

AnditisnowhelpingPakistandospacetests,supplyingthemainpartsofsatelliteforSwitzerland,anddevelopingapplicationprogrammersforotheroverseascustomers.

About40satellitetelevisionreceivingsystemshavebeendevelopedforHongKongalone.

Ithasestablishedtieswithmorethan40countriesandregionsincludingtheUnitedStates,Britain,JapanandItaly,aswellassomedevelopingcountriesinAsianPacificregions.

14.ThenumberofthesatellitesChinahasproduced_______.

A.islessthanthirtyB.isabout40

C.isalmost40D.isaboutthirty

15.Chinahas_______abovefortycountriesandregionsinthefieldofsatellites.

A.developedfriendshipwithB.keptintouchwith

C.offeredhelptoD.gothelpfrom

16.HowmanyEuropeancountriesarementionedinthearticle

17.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom

A.Atextbook.B.Astory-book.

C.Apicture-book.D.Anewspaper.

Inordertostudyenzynes（酶）,asmallpieceofpotatoiscutintoverythinslices（pieces）.Theseslicesareplacedinalittleglasscontainerandcoveredwithwater.Thenalittleoftheproperchemicalisadded.Instantly,becauseoftheenzymepresentinthepotatoslices,thechemicalstartsjoiningwithoxygenintheairabovethewater.Ifthecontainerisentirelyclosed,apartialvacuum（真空）isformedinside.Ifthecontainerisnowconnectedwithafinetubewhichisdippedinwater,thewaterissuckedpartwayupthetubebecauseofthevacuum.

Thescientistdoingtheexperimentcarefullynoteshowfarupthetubewaterissuckedinsometime.Thehigheritissucked,themoreofthatparticularenzymeisinthepotato.Inthisway,wacangetexactideasaboutquantitiesofenzymeandevenaboutthemannerinwhichitoperates.Andallthetimewe’reworkingwithamountsfartoosmalltoseeorweight.

18.Theexperimentisdonemainlytoshow________.

A.enzymeisreallypresentinthepotato

B.whatparticularenzymethereisinthepotato

C.whatapotatoismadeupof

D.theamountofenzymeandthewayitworksinthepotato

19.Inthepassage,theunderlinedword“partial”means______.

A.notpureB.notconnected

C.notcompleteD.notexact

20.Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.

A.HowaVacuumIsFormedB.HowEnzymeAreStudied

C.HowEnzymeWorksinaPotatoD.HowWaterIssuckedIntoaVacuumTube

Themainpurposeofnewspapersaretoprovide1.____________

news.Ifyouexaminenewspaperclosely,youfindthat2.____________

thereareallsortofnews:accidents,floods,fires,wars,3.____________

sports,books,etc.Thenewscovereverythingthathappens4.____________

onpeopleandtheirsurroundings（环境）.Sometimesthereare5.____________

newsitems（条目）whichareveryinterested.6.____________

Anewsreportisusuallyveryshort,exceptthat7.____________

itisveryimportant,butithasalotofinformation.It8.____________

isalsowritinginshortparagraphs.Thefirstparagraph9.____________

isinthefactasummary（总结）ofthenewsitems.Itgivesall10.____________

thenecessaryinformation,what,when,where,how,andwhy.

Theotherparagraphsgivefulldetails（细节）ofthesubject.

综合测试题

1.Imagine__________intheskylikeabird!

A.meflyB.meflying

C.IflyingD.Itofly

2.Themanagerofthecompanydemandedthegoods___________.

A.wouldnotbedelayedB.notbedelayed

C.benotdelayedD.nottobedelayed

3.We’repickingoutsomeapplesforthechildren.Therestofthem________backtothepeasants.

A.aresentB.issent

C.aretobesentD.istosent

4.Tooursurprise,theprincessfailedto______atthepalacepartylastnight.

A.turndownB.turnoff

C.turninD.turnup

5.“TimaswellashisassistanthasreturnedtoEnglandrecently.”Whichofthefollowingistheclosesttothemeaningofthesentenceabove

A.NotonlyhisassistantbutalsoTimhasgonebacktoEnglandrecently.

B.NotonlyTimbutalsohisassistanthasgonebacktoEnglandrecently.

C.NeitherTimnorhisassistanthasreturnedtoEnglandrecently.

D.EitherTimorhisassistanthasreturnedtoEnglandrecently.

6.—WhatapityitwasthatPauldidn’tinviteyoutohisget-together!

--______,Iwouldnothaveattendedit.

A.EvenifhehadB.Eventhoughhedid

C.AlthoughhehadD.Thoughhedid

7.–BillmusthavebeenwatchingTVwhilewewereawayfromhome.

--He_________becausetherewasnoelectricityinthisareathen.

A.couldn’tdosoB.couldn’thavedoneso

C.shoulddosoD.wouldhavedoneso

8.Totellyouthetruth,Idisliketheway_______shedressed.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect

A.bywhichB.inwhich

C.thatD./

9.Peoplelivingnearairportsoften_______bythenoisesofplanes.

A.gettheirhearingtoharmB.havetheirhearingharmed

C.havetheirhearingharmingD.maketheirhearingbeharmed

10.AlthoughhehasneverbeentoNewYork,hetalksofitasifhe_________therebefore.

A.wasB.were

C.hadbeenD.hasbeen

11.–Who’sgoingtotake______placeofthemanager

--Notsure.

A.theB.a

C.anD./

12.Theoldladyalways________heroldclock________beforeshewenttobed.

A.has;woundB.had;wound

C.has;windedD.had;wounded

13.--_______youasafeandpleasantjourney!

--Thankyou.

A.HopeB.Wish

C.ExpectD.Want

14.ThelasttimeI______her,she______computerinthelaboratory.

A.see;isoperatingaB.saw;operateda

C.saw;hadoperatedaD.saw;wasoperatinga

15._______Iknow,thedetectiveisafairlysuccessfuloneinChicago.

A.SofarasB.Aslongas

C.SomuchasD.Asmanyas

AdulteducationhaslongbeenimportantinEurope,whereformalprogramsbeganintheeighteenthcentury.1,theDanishfolkhighschoolmovementinthemid-19thcentury2thelossofDanishlanguageandculturethatastrongGermaninfluence3toabsorb.InGreatBritain,concernfortheeducationofpoorandworking-classpeopleresultedinthe4ofadulteducationprograms,suchastheeveningschoolandtheMechanic’sInstitute,toexpandeducationalopportunitiesforallpeople.5theRussianRevolution,theSovietgovernmentactuallygotridofilliteracy（文盲）.

Inotherareasoftheworld,adulteducationmovementsareofa6recentorigin.In1960s,Egyptestablisheda“schoolforthepeople”systemdesignedtoeducatetheadultpopulation.Thepatternusedis7tothatdevelopedinGreatBritainacenturyago.Aftermanyyearsinwhichthe8educationalconcernwaswith9publicschoolsystems,inthe1970sinAfrica.10andLatinAmericabegantoincreaseopportunitiesforadulteducation.Programsinvolvingthemassmediaarebeingusedin11countries.Tanzania（坦桑尼亚）,forexample,hasusedmass-educationtechniquesandtheradioto12nationaleducationprogramsinhealth,nutrition,andcitizenship.Inthe1980s,internationaleducationalexchangeprogramsinvolving13non-degreestudyinspecializedfieldsgrewinpopularityintheUnitedStates.

An14populationisanecessityforanynationwishingtotakeadvantageofmoderntechnologicalgrowth.Forinstance,researchhasshown15relationshipbetweenliteracy（认字）amongwomenand16healthandchildcareinthefamily.TheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）haslong17theconceptthateducationmustbeconsideredanongoing（进行着）process.UNESCOhasencouragedliteracyprograms,agriculturalextension,andcommunityinstruction.The18andflexibility（有弹性的）ofsuchprogramsmakeadulteducation19formanyareasoftheworldthat20haveformalschoolprograms.

1.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.ForexampleD.Ontheotherhand

2.A.preventedB.helpedC.keptD.addedto

3.A.refusedB.managedC.tendedD.failed

4.A.failureB.possibilityC.growthD.decrease

5.A.DuringB.BeforeC.InspiteofD.After

6.A.moreB.nolessthanC.lessD.hardly

7.A.alikeB.relatedC.similarD.helpful

8.A.primaryB.briefC.generalD.usual

9.A.opposingB.destroyingC.creatingD.stopping

10.A.EuropeB.SouthAmericaC.EgyptD.Asia

11.A.manyB..farmoreC.fewD.onlyafew

12.A.carryonB.makeC.organizeD.objectto

13.A.short-termB.year’sC.long-termD.foreign

14.A.ordinaryB.extraordinaryC.easy-goingD.educated

15.A.directB.doubtfulC.distantD.strange

16.A.poorB.goodC.improvedD.terrible

17.A.arguedB.supportedC.consideredD.expected

18.A.high-costB.impracticalnessC.low-costD.ways

19.A.suitableB.impossibleC.unlikelyD.convenient

20.A.don’tyetB.alreadyC.justD.once

WhenIwasaboy,IbelongedtotheBoyScouts（童子军）,soIusedtogocampingeverysummer,andoncesomethinghappenedwhichIhaveneverbeenabletoexplain.

Wewerecampinginaplaceaboveariver.Afterarriving,weallrusheddowntotherivertohaveaswim.Standingbytheriver,wenoticedthatitwassurrounded（环绕）bycliffs（悬崖）.Ifsomeonewantedtoreachtheriveratthispoint,hehadtowalkpastourcamp.

Severaldayslater,thescoutmasterhadtobeawayforaday.Thatafternoon,wehadsupperearly.Weweresittingroundthefire,eatingandtalking,whenamanwalkedpastandwentdowntowardstheriver.Weallfeltthatthismanlookedverystrange,but,becauseeachofuswasafraidoflookingverystupid,noonesaidanything.

Weateratherslowly,sittingaslongaspossible.Afterfinishing,wecollectedourplatestogethersothatwecouldtakethemtotheriverwherewealwayswashedthem.Butnoonemovedtowardstheriver—westoodlookingateachotherashamed.Thenallshoutingatonce,webegantalkingaboutthemanwhohadwalkedpastus.Weagreedhowstrangehelookedandwewonderedwhathecouldbedoingbytheriver.Weknewthathecouldonlyreturnbypassingthroughourcamp.

Anhourpassed.Thenoneoftheboyssuggestedweshouldcreep（悄悄移动）downbytheriversothatwecouldseewhatthemanwasdoing.Movingveryslowlyandkeepingintheshadow,wecreptdowntowardsthebank.Oneboyclimbedatreesothathecouldseeeverythingclearly.Hecalledtousthattherewasnoonethere,sowerandowntothebank,lookingeverywherecarefully.Wecouldnotunderstandwherethemanhadgone.

Whenitgotdark,wewentbacktoourcampfeelingbewildered（迷惑的）.Wetoldthescoutmasterwhathadhappenedintheevening.Smiling,hedoubtedwhetherweseentheman,butfinallysuggestedwegoandlookagain.Wedid,buttherewasnoonethere.

Manyyearshavepassed,butIstillrememberitasifitwereyesterday.WhatdidweseeIdonotknow.

1.Thewriterinthetextmainlytellsus__________.

A.thestoryofhischildhood.

B.astrangecampingexperience

C.aboutastrangerbytheriver

D.aboutagoodplaceforcamping

2.Whydidtheboyseattheirsupperslowly

A.Theywantedtodelaygoingtotheriverbank.

B.Theywerewaitingfortheirscoutmaster.

C.Theyhadasupperearlierthanusual.

D.Theyweretalkingwhileeating.

3.Whenheheardwhathadhappened,thescoutmaster________.

A.realizedwhothemanwas

B.startedtoworryabouttheman

C.wentbacktolookfortheman

D.feltithardtobelievetheboys

4.Thewriterstillremembertheeventbecause_________.

A.theboysactedfoolishly.

B.thecampingplacewasbeautiful

C.therehasbeennoexplanationfortheevent

D.heparticularlyenjoyedhiscampingthatsummer

Youngpeopleandolderpeopledonotalwaysagree.Theysometimeshavedifferentideasaboutlivingandplaying.ButinonespecialprograminNewYorkState,adultsandteenagers（青少年）livetogetherinafriendlyway.

Eachsummer200teenagersand50adultslivetogetherforeightweeksasmembersofaspecialworkgroup.Everyoneworksseveralhourseachday.Theydosonotjusttokeepbusybuttofindmeaningandenjoymentinwork.Someteenagersworkinthewoodsoronthefarmsnearthevillage.Somelearntomakethingsliketablesandchairsandtobuildhouses.Theadultsteachthemtheseskills.

Thereareseveralfreehourseachday.Weekendsarefree,too.Duringthefreehourssomeoftheteenagerslearnphoto-takingorpainting.Otherssitaroundandtalkorsing.Eachteenagerchooseshisownwaytospendhisfreetime.

Whenpeoplelivetogether,rulesarenecessary.Inthisprogramtheteenagersandtheadultsmaketherulestogether.Ifsomeonebreaksarule,theproblemgoesbeforethewholegroup.Theytalkaboutitandask,“WhydidithappenWhatshouldwedoaboutit”

Oneoftheteenagershasthistosayabouttheexperience:“Youthinknotonlyaboutyourself.Youlearnhowtothinkaboutthegroup.”

5.InonespecialprograminNewYorkState,youngerandolderpeople__________.

A.arefriendlytooneanother

B.teachoneanothernewwaysofbuildinghouses

C.donotworktogether

D.spendeightweekstogether,workingasfarmers

6.Allthemembersworksometimeeverydaymainlyto______________.

A.leadabusylife

B.learnnewskillsoffarming

C.getusedtothelifeonthefarms

D.findvalueandpleasureinwork

7.Livingtogether,________________.

A.theteenagershavetoobeytherulestheadultsmake

B.themembersdon’thavetoobeytherules

C.themembersarenotallowedtobreaktherulestheymaketogether

D.themembershavenofreetimeexceptonweekends

8.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.

A.TheRulesofLivingTogether

B.FreeHoursintheSpecialWorkGroup

C.TeenagersandAdultsLivingTogether

D.LifeinNewYorkState

ThepeopleofLaGomeracancarryonlong-distanceconversationbywhistling.ForordinaryconversationtheyspeakSpanish.Butwhentheyneedtospeakoveradistance,andordinaryspeechisimpossible,theyusesilbo,whichisthenameofwhistledformofspeech.

LaGomeraisverymountainous,inspiteoftheisland’ssmallsize,walkingfromoneplacetoanothermaybeslowandadifficultjob.Thatiswhythesilboissousefultotheislandersthere.Amessagecaneasilybewhistledoveracoupleofmiles,whiletotravelthesamedistanceonfootmighttakeanhour.

Agoodwhistlercanbeheardandunderstoodfivemilesaway.Hiswhistlingcanbeheardevenfartherawaywhenthereislittleornowind.Iwasinformedthattherecordisaboutninemiles.Anyonewhohasheardafirst-classwhistlerwillagreethatthisfigureisquitepossible.

Awhistledoesn’thaveallthechangesoftone（音调）.Toachievechanges,thewhistlertriestoperformthesamemovementswithhisteeth,mouth,tongue,andthroathewoulduseifhewereactuallytalking.Ofcoursehecannotmovehislipsduringthewhistling,sothereissomedifference.However,itiscloseenough.Eachwhistlerhashisownstyleofwhistling,justasheahshisownwayofspeaking.Youcanrecognizehimbyhiswhistlingjustasyouwouldrecognizehimbythewayhespoke.AnythingthatcanbesaidinSpanishcanbewhistledandunderstoodperfectly.ThisistruepartlybecausetheSpanishlanguagehassuchasimplesoundsystem.ThesilbowouldnotworknearlysowellwithEnglish.

9.Fromthepassageweknowsilbois______________.

A.thenameofamountain

B.thenameofanisland

C.awhistlelanguageusedatLaGomera

D.awhistlelanguageusedinSpain

10.Theislandersthereliketousesilbobecause_____________.

A.theycan’thavelong-distanceconversationwithwhistling

B.thewhistlingsoundsarepleasant

C.theyliveonasmallisland

D.theywanttosavetime

11.ThepeopleofLaGomeracanrecognizeawhistlerbyhiswhistlingbecause__________.

A.eachwhistlercanmakeatoneofastonishingloudness

B.eachwhistlerhashisownstyleofwhistling

C.somewhistlersdonotusetheirfingersatall

D.thereisnothingunusualabouthiswhistling

12.Thepassagesuggeststhatawhistlecarries___________.

A.fartherthanashoutandit’seasiertounderstand

B.fartherthanashoutbutitisn’teasytounderstand

C.nearerthanashoutandit’seasiertounderstand

D.nearerthanashoutbutitisn’teasytounderstand

Everydaymillionsoflettersgofromonecountrytoanother.LettersmailedinItalyarereceivedinJapan.LettersmailedinCanadaarereceivedinAfrica.Onthelettersaremanydifferentkindsofstamps,boughtindifferentcountries.

TheUniversalPostalUnionhelpseachlettergettotherightplaceasquicklyaspossible.Itsetsuprulesaboutthesizeandweightofletters,postcards,andsmallpackages（包裹）.Ithasrulesthatallcountriesmustfollowaboutinternationalpostalrates（费用）.

Onehundredyearsago,internationalmaildidnotalwaysacceptanothercountry’sletters.Lettersfromsomecountriesweretoolargetofitintothemailboxesofmanydifferent.Letterstraveledbymanydifferentroutes（路线）.Somewerelostlongtheway.

Sometimesthepersonwhosentthelettercouldpayonlypartofthepostage.Thepersonreceivingtheletterhadtopaytherest.

TheUnitedStateswasthefirsttosuggestthatallcountriesworktogethertosettlethequestionsinternationalmail.In1874,menfromtwenty-fourcountriesmetinSwitzerlandtoformtheUniversalPostalUnion.Today,morethan120nationsbelongtothisunion.FromitsofficeinSwitzerland,theunionhelpsthemailtomovesafelyandquicklyaroundtheworld.

13.Thispassageismainlyabout___________.

A.differentkindsofstampsindifferentcountries

B.anorganizationthatmakesrules

C.internationalmail

D.thesizeandweightofletters.

14.Thepassagedoesnotsayso,butitmakesyouthinkthat_____________.

A.mailisimportanttoallcountries

B.notenoughlettersaresentallovertheworld

C.allthelettersmustgotoSwitzerlandfirst

D.allstampslookexactlythesame

15.TheUniversalPostalUnionwasformed____________.

A.togivemanymenachancetowork

B.tohelpmovemailquicklyaroundtheworld

C.tohelpmenmeetinSwitzerland

D.tolookforthelostlettersalongtheway

16.Theword“postage”inthispassagemeans____________.

A.moneypaidwhenyoubuyastamp

B.moneyspentonanenvelope

C.thechargeforcarryingaletterbypost

D.thepayapostmanreceivesforhiswork

“MarkTwain”wasthenameusedbySamuelLanhorneClemens（1835—1910）whenhewrotebooks.Hisfatherwasalawyer,butapoorone,wholivedinFlorida,Missouri.ThefamilywassopoorthatSamueldidnotreceivemuchteaching.Hehadtolearnallthathecouldfromthepeoplewhomhemet.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasveryyoung,andthentherewasevenlessmoneythanbefore.

ManyofthemeninthispartofAmericaworkedintheshipsonthegreatRiverMississippi,andhedidthishimselfatonetime（1857）.

Wheredidhefindthename“MarkTwain”Itcamefromthegreatriveritself.Itwaspartofoneofthecriesusedbymenwhoworkedintheships.Whenamancalled“Bythemarktwain!”,hemeantthattheriverwas“twomarksdeep”there,thatistosay,sixfeetdeep（“Twain”isanoldformoftheword“Two”）.SamuelClemensoftenheardthesewordswhenhewasyoung,andheusedthemasapennameallhislife.

DuringhisworkontheMississippihemettravelersofallkinds,andthishelpedhimagreatdealwhenhestartedtowrite.ButthenumberoftravelersbecamesmallerwhenthewarstartedinAmericain1861.Manyofthegreatshipsontheriverstoppedwork.SamuelleftthenandwenttoNevadawithhisbrother,whowasatthattimeGovernorofNevada.There,nearthetownofCarson,Samuelbecameagoldminer,buthenevermademuchmoneyatthetime.Hesoonsawthatlifeinthegoldmineswasnotfitforhim.HealsotriedwritingforthenewspapersinNevada,andthisseemedmorehopeful.Hefoundthathecouldwrite.

HewenttoEuropein1867andvisitedFranceandItaly.In1870hemarriedOliviaLangdon,andtwoyearslaterhewasspendingnearlyallhistimewriting.Amonghisbooksishisownstory（1908）.

HeisnowalwaysknownasMarkTwain,andmanypeopledonotevenknowthathisfamilynamewasClemens.HetraveledinAmericaandinEngland,andwenttoOxfordin1907.HewasoneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthetime,andcouldmakehisreaderslaugh–athingwhichfewwriterscando.Hediedin1910.

17.“MarkTwain”was__________.

A.afamousAmericanwriter

B.thenameofabook

C.agreatriverinAmerica

D.alargeship

18.Whatgavehimagreatdealwhenhestartedwriting___________.

A.Hispoorchildhood

B.TheMississippiriver

C.Allkindsoftravelershemet

D.Hisbrother

19.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.

A.Samuellovedwritingfromhisearlyage

B.Samueldidnotlovewritingatthebeginning

C.hiswritingstothenewspaperweresuccessful

D.hisbrotherencouragedhimtowritemore

20.Accordingtothewriterofthepassage,agoodwritercould_________.

A.writealotforhisreaders

B.makealotofmoneyforhisfamily

C.causehisreaderstolaugh

D.traveleverywherehewanted

Itsnowedhardlastnight.Thismorningtheroadcoveredwithsnow.1.________________

Therewerestillalotofbikecomingandgoing.SuddenlyIsawa2.________________

womanfelloffherbike.Thewomanlayonthegroundandcouldn’t3._______________

getup.Shesatupbutstillcouldn’tstandupbecauseofherrightleg4.________________

wasbroken.Bythatmomentapolicemancameover.Whenhesaw5.________________

thishecalledataxi.Thetaxidrivertookthewomantothenearest6.________________

hospital.Iwentwithhertoahospital.ThereItelephonedthe7.________________

woman’sofficeandtoldamanherethewholestory.Seeingthat8.________________

thewomanwaswelllookingafter,Isaidgoodbyetoher.BeforeI9.________________

left,thewomanthankedmeagainandagain.IfeltasifIhavegrownup.10.________________

（五）书面表达

假如你叫林涛，你本打算明天上午8：40去火车站，接乘5次列车来看你，对长沙街道不熟悉的姨妈，可碰巧你明天要去株洲出差，在到傍晚才能回来。你就写下一张便条，留下一张她的照片，请好友李明去你接你的姨妈。现在请你写下此便条。便条应包括以下内容：