HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.
FewwouldarguewithFord’sstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”
ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.Jobsareproducedinabundance(大量地)becausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcratesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.
ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness—referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andthefighttoformunions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh—createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.
1.TheUnitedStatesisatypicalcountry________.
A)whichencouragesfreetradeathomeandabroad
B)wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney
C)whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically
D)whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget
2.TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat________.
A)mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses
B)evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits
C)Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness
D)evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness
3.Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat________.
A)theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere
B)theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness
C)theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere
D)theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment
4.HenryFord’sstatementcanbetakennegativelybecause________.
A)workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirfights
B)therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists
C)thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor
D)publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment
5.Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin________.
A)reductioninthenumberofemployees
B)improvementofworkingconditions
C)fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagement
D)ariseinworkers’wages
答案：1.B2.D3.D4.C5.A
2014年英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(2)
ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings,Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme,”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures.”
Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing—anaverageoftwelveeach,Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,
betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses—12.5comparedwith10.9formen—probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.
Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse—evendangerous.
1.InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects________.
A)tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings
B)toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom
C)toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically
D)tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally
2.ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat________.
A)certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents
B)manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness
C)mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen
D)absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness
3.“Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople________.
A)oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand
B)tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry
C)unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings
D)arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired
4.Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat________.
A)absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday
B)womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods
C)womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness
D)men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.
A)peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses
B)hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat
C)peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions
D)lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentration
答案：1.D2.A3.C4.A5.D
2014年英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(3)
Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.
At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.
Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.WhyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientistAfterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.
TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.
1.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain
A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.
B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.
C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.
D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.
2.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.
A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman
B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics
C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist
D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety
3.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch
A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.
B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.
C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.
D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.
4.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass
A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.
B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.
C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.
D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.
5.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest
A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.
B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.
C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.
D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.
答案：1.D2.A3.C4.D5.C
2014年英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(4)
ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.
ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.
ButisplaintapwaterallthatbadNotatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.
Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.
Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.
Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.
Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage
A)Itisakindoficedwater.
B)Itisjustplaintapwater.
C)Itisakindofbottledwater.
D)Itisakindofmineralwater.
2.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.
A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking
B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater
C)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstaste
D)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste
3.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.
A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver
B)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores
C)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasani
D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames
4.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater
A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.
B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.
C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.
D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.
5.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular
A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine.
B)Itisconsideredhealthier.
C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.
D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.
答案：1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B
2014年英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(5)
Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker.Frito-Lay.Thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.
Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica,ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.
Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.
Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips,wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.
TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.
1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat________.
A)potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket
B)theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales
C)thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips
D)peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips
2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2
A)Itsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.
B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.
C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.
D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.
3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat________.
A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands
B)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands
C)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits
D)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue
4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned
A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.
B)Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization.
C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.
D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.
5.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket________.
A)won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople
B)willleadtoeconomicimperialism
C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople
D)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips
答案：1.D2.D3.A4.B5.C
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(6)
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.
“TheConstitution,”saidtheassociation’sspokesman,“giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn’tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.”
“Don’tyouthinkit’sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround”
“TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinet
andthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer.”
“Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody.”
Thespokesmansaid,“Hydrogenbombsdon’tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they’regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.”
“ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者).”
“Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns.”
1.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto________.
A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb
B)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweapon
C)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathome
D)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon
2.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat________.
A)thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawer
B)mostpeopledon’tknowhowtohandletheweapon
C)people’sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon
D)theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals
3.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit________.
A)willfrightenawayanypossibleintruders
B)canshowthespecialstatusofitsowners
C)willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswell
D)cankillthoseenteringothers’housesbyforce
4.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat________.
A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercome
B)poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweapon
C)thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendously
D)thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis
5.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris________.
A)doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety
B)unhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombs
C)notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs
D)concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons
答案：1.A2.C3.A4.D5.A
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(7)
Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflu(流感)maymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.
TheAmericanLungAssociation(ALA)hasissuednewguidelinesoncombatingcoldsandtheflu,andoneofthekeysisbeingabletoquicklytellthetwoapart.That’sbecausetheprescriptiondrugsavailableforthefluneedtobetakensoonaftertheillnesssetsin.Asforcolds,thesoonerapersonstartstakingover-the-counterremedy,thesoonerreliefwillcome.
Thecommoncoldandthefluarebothcausedbyviruses.Morethan200virusescancausecoldsymptoms,whilethefluiscausedbythreeviruses—fluA,BandC.Thereisnocureforeitherillness,buttheflucanbepreventedbythefluvaccine(疫苗),whichis,formostpeople,thebestwaytofighttheflu,accordingtotheALA.
Butifthefludoesstrike,quickactioncanhelp.Althoughthefluandcommoncoldhavemanysimilarities,therearesomeobvioussignstolookfor.
Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.Ontheotherhand,feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.
TheALAnotesthatitmaybeparticularlydifficulttotellwheninfantsandpreschoolagechildrenhavetheflu.Itadvisesparentstocallthedoctoriftheirsmallchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms.
Bothcoldandflusymptomscanbeeasedwithover-the-countermedicationsaswell.However,childrenandteenswithacoldorflushouldnottakeaspirinforpainreliefbecauseoftheriskofReyesyndrome(综合症)，ararebutseriousconditionoftheliverandcentralnervoussystem.
Thereis,ofcourse,novaccineforthecommoncold.Butfrequenthandwashingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhohavecoldscanreducethelikelihoodofcatchingone.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,knowingthecauseofthemiserywillhelp________.
A)shortenthedurationoftheillness
B)thepatientbuymedicineoverthecounter
C)thepatientobtaincheaperprescriptiondrugs
D)preventpeoplefromcatchingcoldsandtheflu
2.Welearnfromthepassagethat________.
A)onedoesn’tneedtotakeanymedicineifhehasacoldortheflu
B)aspirinshouldnotbeincludedinover-the-countermedicinesfortheflu
C)delayedtreatmentofthefluwillharmtheliverandcentralnervoussystem
D)over-the-counterdrugscanbetakentoeasethemiserycausedbyacoldortheflu
3.Accordingtothepassage,tocombattheflueffectively,________.
A)oneshouldidentifytheviruswhichcausesit
B)oneshouldconsultadoctorassoonaspossible
C)oneshouldtakemedicineuponcatchingthedisease
D)oneshouldremainalertwhenthediseaseisspreading
4.Whichofthefollowingsymptomswilldistinguishtheflufromacold
A)Astuffynose.
B)Ahightemperature.
C)Asorethroat.
D)Adrycough
5.Ifchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms,theirparents________.
A)areadvisednottogivethemaspirin
B)shouldwatchoutforsignsofReyesyndrome
C)areencouragedtotakethemtohospitalforvaccination
D)shouldpreventthemfrommixingwithpeoplerunningafever
答案：1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(8)
InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.
IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.
LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.
1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve________.
A)JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents
B)Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievements
C)Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction
D)Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs
2.MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto________.
A)problemsolving
B)groupexperience
C)parentalguidance
D)individually-orienteddevelopment
3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison________.
A)preparingchildrenacademically
B)developingchildren’sartisticinterests
C)tappingchildren’spotential
D)shapingchildren’scharacter
4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto________.
A)broadenchildren’shorizon
B)cultivatechildren’screativity
C)lightenchildren’sstudyload
D)enrichchildren’sknowledge
5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens
A)Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.
B)Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.
C)Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.
D)Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.
答案：1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(9)
Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960’sand70’s,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworldwidehasdecreasedsignificantly.
AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarctic(北极的)snowweredeclining.
Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolinesandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiate(区分)theleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.
InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNortheasternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.
Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.
TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.
Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystem(生态系统)respondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.
1.ThestudypublishedinthejournalNatureindicatesthat________.
A)theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults
B)leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease
C)leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected
D)theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow
2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS________.
A)wasdiscouraged
B)wasenforcedbylaw
C)wasprohibitedbylaw
D)wasintroduced
3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland
A)ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.
B)Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.
C)BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.
D)Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.
4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat________.
A)forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected
B)leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith
C)leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS
D)theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatscientists________.
A)arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution
B)feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline
C)stillconsiderleadpollutionaproblem
D)lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution
答案：1.D2.B3.D4.A5.C
英语四级阅读理解冲刺习题：(10)
Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,whowouldrathertryswitchingto“light”beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysicalexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.
Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloric-expenditurecharts:forexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry(小甜饼).Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere.“Exercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,”saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident’sCouncilonPhysicalFitnessandSports.
Still,exercise’ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,whilethosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnewweight.
1.WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage
A)Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof“light”beer.
B)Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.
C)Theyprefer“light”beerandlow-caloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.
D)Theyknowthefactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight.
2.Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause________.
A)theythinkitisphysicallyexhausting
B)theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadiet
C)theydon’tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseveryday
D)theyfindconsultingcaloric-expenditurechartstroublesome
3.“Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere”(Line3,Para.2)means“They________”.
A)agreethatthecaloriesinasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffbyexercise
B)partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreduction
C)arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone’snewweight
D)arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight
4.WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter’sstudy
A)Controllingone’scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.
B)Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.
C)Weightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.
D)Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear’stimeifthere’snoincreaseinfoodintake.
5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle
A)TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.
B)Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.
C)TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.
D)Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.
答案：1.B2.B3.B4.C5.D
以上就是英语四级阅读理解真题10篇，希望可以给大家在备考的时候带来帮助。
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