船长是船上最重要的职位，也是各方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考
工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极
佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前
长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、
各种具体商务和技术问题等等。
下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中的部分问题，不但船长必备，
其他干部船员，尤其是大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。
1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationbackground
PleaserefertoanMaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。
2.WhatisaclassificationsocietyWhatisthepurposeof
classificationsurveyPleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesin
theworld.
Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarries
outclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys([船舶]法定检验.[sttjutri]),
surveysrelatedtonotariesmattersforships,offshoreinstallations,
marinefreightcontainers,materialsandmarineequipment.Italsoprovides
safetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheir
ships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationof
ashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.
Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事协会)，
CCS(Chineseclassificationsociety),ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),
90910381.docPage1of51
LR（BritishLloyd英国劳氏），GL（GermanLloyd德国劳氏），KR（Korean）,RINA（意大
利船级社）。
3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsworkedonboard
Pleaserefertoanmaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你口头介绍的资历
船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。
4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel
曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他
的一条船交给你时，对你是运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某
种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输中需要注意的事项有所了
解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。
下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：
Bulkcargo:cement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorusrock,
potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.Ureafertilizer,lime
Generalcargo:vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mine
equipment,steelconstructionmaterial.
Other:log,plywood,container,andsoon.
5.Wherewasyourlastvessel9stradingareaWhichportshaveyoucalled
IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS,somedeveloping
countriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanal,and
DenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.Nagoya;
Oita;Tobata;Osaka;mu;Dampier;Walcoot;Gladstone;Haypoint;Merkey;Hedland
Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas:全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,
globally,worldwide;固定航线fixedroute.
90910381.docPage2of51
6.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestateownedshipping
companiesandforeignshippingcompanies
Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemsto
methatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster'soverriding
authorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheir
localagentstodomoreforthevessel.Anothermajordifferencebetween
themisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisin
ChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What'smore,mostof
theChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmay
usedifferentclassificationsocieties.
各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是
不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如
何。
7.Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthe
dischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,how
wouldyouhandleit
Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI'
11contacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityof
grain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwill
followtheowner'sinstructiontocontactit'stheP&Icorrespondentor
localagentfortheiradvice.
Ifnecessary,I'11prepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerand
thecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.
原则。
8.HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster,soverridingauthorityunder
emergencysituations
Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothe
companyfirstbeforetakenactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediate
90910381.docPage3of51
danger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhatever
actionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotect
thesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandthe
environmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerand
thecharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyin
detailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.
9.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain
Hints:Yourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhave
workedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhaveeverbeento,thetypesof
vesselsyouhaveeverserved,thetypesofcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,
thetypesoftripyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthe
vessels,andsoon.
Pleasealsorefertochapteroneformoredetailedanswers.
10.WhatistheMaster'sStandingOrder
ItisbasicallytheMaster'sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthe
vessel'soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfor
theofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentry
procedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituations1ikeoilpollution,
firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswel1aswhentocallthemasterto
thebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,
etc.)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.
TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandinthe
BridgeOrderBook.Besides,somewarningsshallbeprominently[prminntli]显著地
postedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.
11.Howdoyouunderstandtheimportanceofkeepinggoodandharmonious
relationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherOfficersandEngineers
WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandtheother
officersandengineers,theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.Buthowcan
theMasterachieveit
90910381.docPage4of51
Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheads
becausethedailymanagementisdelegated.[deligit]委托tothemalthough
theMasterhimselfisresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnel
management.
Secondly,theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhat
andhow.
Thirdly,theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineand
behavior.
Fourthly,heshouldbefairinjobassignment,paydistributionandother
dailymanagement.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster'sorderorthe
rulesonpurpose,theMasterwillhavetopenalize[pi：nlaiz]惩罚the
offenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheship
owner.
这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题，可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法，但是船东
希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索地说：“I
willdismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。我们这样的和船长未免太霸道了。
上述答案只是笔者个人见解，谨供参考。
12.Didyouhavetheexperienceofworkingwithforeigncrews
Yes,IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan,
Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea,Japan,BurmaandUkraine.
实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的事，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万
不要错过让船东知道的机会。
13.HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePhilippinecrews
OrhowdoyoulikethePhilippine(Korean,Vietnamese,Indian,Burmese,
Ukrainian,Russian,Britishetc.)seamen
IhadtheexperienceofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosare
mostlyveryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingin
termsofwages.Asawhole,theyareveryniceseafarers.
90910381.docPage5of51
在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，如果你认为人家什么都不是
的话，那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合发。何况，不论哪个国家、哪个文
化的人都有好人和坏人。要尽量说出人家的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类
似“联合国”的工作团队里，能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处，显得
十分重要。
14.CanyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedforWhatarethe
differencesamongthesecompanies
ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.
Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyis,insomeways,
differentfromforeignshipownerscompanies.
实事求是。同样，也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司，因为既然你憎恨所有原
来的公司，你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。而事情往往是，在船东认为，公司和
船东发生冲突时，并不见得你公司的问题，也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。
15.Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardshipsWhatmaterialsdo
youneedtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans
Usually,apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.The
MastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionsandhis
intentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthe
draftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.If
somethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldaskthe
SecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthe
draft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.
WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelp
providesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer,suchas
theportentryguidance,thesailingdirections,listsoflights,tidal
streamtables,deepdraughtvesselplanningguide,theIMOshiproute
guidance,governmentandportauthority'sregulations,pilotcharts,notice
tomariner,weatherinformation,andthevoyageplanandsoon.
90910381.docPage6of51
TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth“areainthe
passage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebest
sailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime,andavoidbadweatherconditions.
16.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUS
ports
First,Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamento
makesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththe
customsclearances,thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition,
Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts,
UScostalpilotguide,lightlistbook,lightlistbook,tidetables,US
inlandrulesofnavigation,andrecentnoticetomariners.
Forty-eighthourspriortoentrytoaUSport,Ishallconductthefollowing
emergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks:operationof
themainsteeringgearfromsteeringcompartment,communicationbetween
bridgeandsteeringcompartment,andalternativepowersupply.Ishallalso
informtheQualifiedIndividualofmyarrival.
Twenty-fourhoursbeforearrivalinaUSport,IshallnotifytheUSCGofmy
ship'sarrival.
TwelvehourspriortoarrivalinaUSport,thefollowingequipmentshallbe
testedandrecordedinthelogbook:primaryandsecondsteeringgear,
internalcontrolcommunicationsandalarms,standing-byemergencygenerator,
andmainpropulsionmachinery.
Drillsarealsotheprioritiesofmypreparatorywork.Usually,theport
authorityoftheUSpaysspecialattentiontothedrills.Soboatdrills,
fire-fightingdrillsandotherdrillsmustbecarriedoutbeforeentering
intoanyUSport.
Sanitarysituationofmyshipisanotherconsideration.Properdisposalof
garbageoncyshipandanti-pollutiondevicesexaminationareveryimportant.
90910381.docPage7of51
Allinall,muchmorecareshouldbetakenbeforeentryintoanyUSport
thanintheportsinothercountries.
美国是世界上海事立法最多，也是港口检查最严格的国家之一，熟悉美国有关海事立法
17.DidyouencounteranyproblemsduringPSCinspectionsintheUSports
No,IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparation
beforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothrough
thePSCinspectionssmoothly.
Oryoucansay:
Yes,IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPA
couldn,tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonly
allowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction,theARPAwas
backtonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckilywedidn'thaveanyfineimposed
onus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvance
areveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem,Iwillaskmycrewto
rectifyitintheleastpossibletime.
18.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport
Accordingtomyexperience,asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriorto
departureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperation
(includingthedeckandengineroom),cargo&hulllashingcheck,stowaway
check,cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)matters
shouldbediscussedatthemeeting.
19.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenby
thepilot
Well,it'sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelieve
theMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyofthe
shipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot'sordersare
90910381.docPage8of51
doubtful,theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary,
theMastershallcommandtheship'snavigationhimself.
引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一
点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。
20.WhatshouldtheMaterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandingina
foreigncountryorastrangeport
Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso,ifnecessary,
consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner'sP&Iandthelocalagentof
theshipwhocanprovideadviceandassistance.
绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白
的问题及时向他们报告。当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。
21.WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityare
abnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading
TheMastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.At
thediscretionofthecompany,theMastershouldprepareandsendaLatter
ofProtecttothenotarysurveyororterminal/portauthorityunderthe
instructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase,theMastershouldalsorequire
furthermeasurementsandcalculationsandcalculationstobemade.
22.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloaded
withbulkcargo
Usually,thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L):measure,
quality,quantity,condition,contentsandvalveunknownetc..Different
companiesmayhavedifferentformatsfortheirrespectiveB/LAB/L
consistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.The
firstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityofthevalidityofthe
othertwocopies.
23.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub
90910381.docPage9of51
AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutual
insuranceagainstmaritimerisks.Itcoverstherisksthatarenotcovered
bytheHullInsurer,suchaspersonnelillnessandinjury,cargodamage,
collisionwithanothervessel,stowawaysandrefugees,damagetofixedor
floatingobjects,pollutionandsoon.
24.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74andMARPOL73/78areWhatisthe
relationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode
SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.Itis
themostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyoflifeatsea
madeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.
Itistoensuresafetyoftheship,theseamen,theportandthecargo,as
wellasthemarineenvironment.
MARPOL73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarine
Pollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthe
protectionofmarineenvironment.
几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，
ISMCODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISMCODE的目的、主
要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。
25.Priortoaship,sdeparture,whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedin
theShip，sLogBook
Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:
a)Steeringgeartest
b)Ship,sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonization
c)Interval,externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttest
d)Thewhistleandnavigationallightstests
e)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA,RADAR,
GMDSS)test
90910381.docPage10of51
f)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessary
26.HowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld
Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually,themoreoften
thedrillisdone,thebetter.
Butbeforeenteringintosomeports,forexample,intheUSwherePSC
inspectionsareverystrict,itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriorto
entry.
27.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthe
vesselisduringpassage,infairwaysandinsideports
Duringthepassage,theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft;
infairway,10%ofloaddraft;insidetheports,10%ofloaddraft,oras
regulatedbyportauthority.
富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航
行安全，船长应在心中有大致数字。
28.WhataretheMaster'sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal
TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationson
garbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship'sgalley,onthe
informationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedprior
todisposal.TheMastershal1discussthesubjectofshipboardgarbage
managementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthe
garbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMaster
shallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.
29.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlast
vesselHowdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard
Fourstepsshouldbefollowed:collection,processing(separation),storage,
anddisposal.
Thegarbagecanbedividedintothreekinds:
90910381.docPage11of51
Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials
Foodandaccommodationwaste
Othergarbagethatcannotbedisposedinthesea,e.g.,plasticand
plasticmaterials.
垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格
的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、
有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造
成污染，船东是会受到重罚的。
30.WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub
Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureforsensitive
cargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClub
definesthefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes:cement,grain,and
sugarandsoon.
31.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage,whichpartsofthevessel
shouldbechecked
Cargoholds,hatchcoves,ventilationsystem,tank-top,holdlighting,fire
fightinganddetectorappliances,biIge,soundingpipes,airpipes,cargo
gears(hooks,grabs,slings,wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbe
checkedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthe
checks,thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.
32.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP"Whatcontentsshouldbe
includedintheSOPEP
SOPEPmeansShippingOi1PollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthe
following:
(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsincharge
oftheshiptoreportandoilpollutionincident.
(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.
90910381.docPage12of51
(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersons
onboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.
(4)Listofoi1spillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintained
onboard.(Removers,sprayer,oilabsorbent,sawdust,sand,wasterags,
scoop,shovels,buckets,bamboobrooms,portablepump,protectiveclothing,
portablecontainers).
Simplyspeaking,SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts
(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication,address,etc.),theequipment
usedindealingwithoilpollution,themusterlistintheoilpollution,
andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappens,etc.
33.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport
(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestination
portauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage,berthing,customsclearance
andportquarantineinspection,etc.
(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine,andaskthe
dutyofficertogiveETAandthetimetheshipisexpectedtobeon
maneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer.
(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMaster
shouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.,inUS),beforeentryintoport,
entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired.
(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags,signals,or
lightsareshown.
(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance,theMastershouldgivethe
C/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatan
anchorageorberth.
34.WhatshouldaMusterListincludeWhatkindsofMusterListdidyou
haveonthelastvessel
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AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints:
(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal
(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven
(3)Substitutesforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled
(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedin
anabandonshipsituation
(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneralduties
duringvariousemergencies
(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties
(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup
TheMusterListsmustbereadybeforeashipsails.
WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel;General
emergency,firefighting,fireintheengine,emergencysteering,abandon-
ship,manoverboard,oilpollutionstation.
35.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident,whomdoyou
reportitto
AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL,theincidentshouldbeimmediately
reportedtothenearestcoastalState,andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.
Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.
36.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L
Definitelyno.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo'sownership.
However,thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterof
Indemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthe
documents.
37.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining
90910381.docPage14of51
Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthe
vessel,thecargo,andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.
Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedon
emergencyprocedures,anti-pollution,safetyequipmentfamiliarization,ship
operationaltrainingandworkingkills.
38.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheship-ownerand
thecharterer
Well,thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner's
interestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow,sometimestheMaster
isunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandcharterer.Myexperienceis
thatthecharterer'sinterestsshouldbetakengoodcareofwithouthurting
theinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.
船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案。但一般而言，船东希望既能和
租船公司建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为船长拿的是船东的工资，但船东
拿的是客户(租家)的钱。
39.WhatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalauditDuringthe
internalaudit,howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors
Usually,theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearin
accordancewiththeowner'sSMSmanuals.Itisunderthechargeofthe
DesignatedPerson(DP),oratthediscretionoftheDP.
Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany,theMastershouldholdapre-
auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheaudit
notice.TheMastershouldmakesurethatthebestcooperationisprovidedto
theauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewell
prepared.
Theexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromthe
Class.Ifmajornon-conformities,non-conformitiesandobservationsare
foundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit,theshipshouldmake
rectificationinthestipulatedtime.
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40.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoing
MasterandtherelievingMaster
Usually,thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:
First,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthe
company'shandoverprocedureandchecklist.
Second,theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedto
thereport.
Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure:
Documentation,communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsand
companies),bridgeequipment,storesandaccounts,personnel,ship
maintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides,itisalsoveryimportanttogive
therelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonal,thelocalagent,theport
andsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.Tryto
fillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.
41.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineerOr
whatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave
TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship,responsibleforthewholevessel
andtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineer
isfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.TheMastergivestheChiefEngineer
fullpowertomanagehisdepartment.Inthemeantime,itisalsoimportant
fortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhis