2024年12月英语四级考试在即,同学们要认真备考哦。今天为大家带来的是2024年12月英语四级阅读理解模拟:超导材料,一起来看看吧。
2024年12月英语四级阅读理解模拟:超导材料
Thestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.SowhattocallthedecadesaheadThechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.
Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.
Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.
Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult,forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.
1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage
[A]Two
[B]Three
[C]Four
[D]Five
2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience
[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.
[B]Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.
[C]Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.
[D]Toexplainhisviewpoint.
3.Whyistransitiondifficult
[A]Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.
[B]Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.
[C]Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.
[D]Becauseittakes10years.
4.WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofsuperstuff
[A]Itliesinresearch.
[B]Itliesininvestment.
[C]Itliesininnovation.
[D]Itliesinapplication.
Vocabulary
1.superstuff超级材料
2.superconductingceramic超导陶瓷
3.exotic神奇的
4.shape塑造,成型
5.brittleness脆性
6.polymer聚合体
7.karatejacket空手道外衣
8.touchsensor触及传感器
9.eachpunchandchop每一个击、打
10.blot玷污,损害风景的东西
11.tinker修补,调整
12.amendable服从于,遵循的
13.biodegradable能生物递减分解的
14.six-packrings放六个罐子的环状物
15.decompose分解
16.recyclable可循环(使用的)
17.infantryman步兵
18.deflect使偏斜,使转向
19.anewtwist一个新的观点,方法
难句译注
1.Materialscience–oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.
【参考译文】材料科学,一度曾是最无吸引力(最不起眼)的技术,正以崭新的,以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。
2.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablesthatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导,然后再提出三种超导材料,再逐一说明。
答案详解
1.B三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷:“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例,由于它的脆性,长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷,科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性,但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上,高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上,触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上,它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理,或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变,最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成,透明度极高,100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。
2.B说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段:“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”A.把它们和新材料相比较,这里不仅仅是比较,而是说明三者都具同样的作用--改变世界。C.把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。与A一样没有说到核心电。D.说明他的观点。太笼统。
4.D在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A.在于研究。B.在于投资。C.在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到,C项文内未涉及。
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