中考英语复习比较级最高级总结及练习(3)

中考英语复习--比较级最高级总结及练习

形容词、副词比较级和最高级知识详解专练

一、概说

英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和高最级。比较级主要用于两者比较,最高级主要用于多者比较。

二、比较等级的构成

1.通过加后缀-er和-est构成。

单音节和部分双音节词通过加后缀–er和-est构成比较级和最高级

原级比较级最高级

tall(高)tallertallest

quiet(安静的)quieterquietest

early(早)earlierearliest

注:

(1)若原级以字母e结尾,则只加-r和-st:fine—finer—finest。

(2)若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾,则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级:dry—drier—driest。(例外:shy(害羞的)—shyer—shyest)

(3)若原级为重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母后加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级:big—bigger—biggest。

2.通过在其前加more和most构成。

多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级:

difficult(困难的)moredifficultmostdifficult

dangerous(危险的)moredangerousmostdangerous

bravely(勇敢地)morebravelymostbravely

(1)有的双音节词(如clever,common,gentle,handsome,happy,narrow,polite,quiet,shallow,simple,stupid,often,seldom)可以有两种方式构成比较级和最高级级:

clever—cleverer/moreclever—cleverest/mostclever

often—moreoften/oftener—mostoften/oftenest。等。

(2)某些带有否定前缀un-的三音节词(如uncommon,unhappy,unpleasant,untidy等)可以用两种比较级形式:unhappy—unhappier/moreunhappy—unhappiest/mostunhappy。

三、形容词与副词比较等级的不规则变化

1.常见的不规则形容词与副词的比较等级变化

good(好的)betterbest

well(好,健康的)betterbest

bad(坏的)worseworst

badly(坏地,恶劣地)worseworst

ill(有病的)worseworst

much(多)moremost

many(多)moremost

little(少)lessleast

far(远)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest

包含good,well,bad,ill的复合词形容词(如good-looking,well-known,well-built,bad-tempered等),通常将good,well,bad,ill改为比较级和最高级,不过也可用more和most的形式:

good-looking—better-looking/moregood-looking—best-looking/mostgood-looking。

2.farther,further与farthest,furthest的用法区别

(1)表示距离时,四个词都可用:

Icanthrowmuchfarther[further]thanyou.我可以比你扔得更远。

(2)若用于引申义,表示“更进一步”、“此外”等义,则只能用further:

We’llfurtherdiscussit.我们会进一步讨论它。

Arethereanyfurtherquestions还有问题吗

(3)further可用作动词,意为“增进”、“推进”等(其他几个词一般不这样用):

Hissupportfurtheredmycareer.他的支持促进了我的事业。

3.elder,eldest&older,oldest的用法区别

(1)old通常的比较级和最高级分别是older,oldest。可用于人或物,可用作表语或定语,可与than连用:

I’m(twoyears)olderthanhe.我比他大(两岁)。

Thecathedralistheoldestbuildinginthecity.这座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。

(2)elder与eldest主要用于家人之间表明长幼关系。

通常只用于人而不用于物,只用作定语而不用作表语,也不与than连用:

Thisismyeldestson(daughter).这是我的大儿子(女)。

Hiselderbrother(sister)worksinaclothingfactory.他哥哥(姐姐)在一家服装厂工作。

注:在美国英语中也可用older,oldest表示长幼关系:olderbrother哥哥

(3)elder与eldest的区别是:

前者指两者中年纪较大的,而后者指三者或三者以上的年纪最大的。如:

one’selderson指两个儿子中年纪较大的一个,one’seldestson指三个或三个以上的儿子中年纪最大的一个

(4)elder和eldest作为形容词,通常只能用作定语,不用作表语;但若不是用作形容词(即其后不接名词)而是用作名词,则可以用作表语(此时通常有冠词或物主代词修饰):

I’mtheeldestinthefamily.我是全家年纪最大的。

Hewastheelderofthetwosons.他是两个儿子中较大的。

四、原级、比较级和最高级结构

1.原级比较形容词、副词的原级即原形。

(1)表示两者在某一方面相同

主语+be/行为动词+as+形容词/副词原形+as+比较对象

如Thisdressisasbeautifulasthatone.

LindasingsaswellasAmy.

(2)表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时

A+be+not+as/so+形容词原形+as+B

A+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+行为动词原形+as/so+副词原形+as+B

THE END
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