2020新人教版高二英语选修二课文与翻译
Unit1
ReadingandThinking
JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”
约输斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor.JohnSnow,showed
howitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19th
century,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,
JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecome
afamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesireto
destroycholeraonceandforall.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令
人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧
命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚
至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望
Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.One
theorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsin
foodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,
whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticular
streetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedto
findoutwhy.
关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看
法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。
因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有
500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。
Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple
deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,some