2、ittome.=Hepaidavisittomeassoonashecameback.他一回来就来看我。(3)assoonas引导的从句动词用一般现在时、一般过去时或完成时,不能用进行时;主句的动词用现在时、过去时或将来时。例如:Wewillgooutingassoonashereturns.他一回来,我们就去郊游。Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.他一得到消息就出发了。AssoonasIhadgotonthebus,mygrandmasaid“goodbye”
8、atthenewsofhersafereturn.他们为她的安全返回而欣喜。(1)at后的名词或动名词,一般是sight,thought,sound,hearing,idea或者see,hear,thinkof,smell,touch等情感、感观动词,组成结构为:atthesight/smell/touch/hearing/sound/(bare)thought/ideaof,或者atseeing/hearing/thinkingof等,翻译为:一看到/闻到/触及到/听到/想到就。句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。如:Athearingth
9、enews,herushedout.一听到这个消息,他就冲出去了。Atthehearingofthenews,hebecamehappy.听到这个消息他很高兴。Atthesightofthepoliceofficerstheyranoff.一看见那些警官,他们便逃跑了。Hewasfilledastonishmentatseeingthedeadbody.他看见尸体时惊恐万状。Ontheotherhand,mystomachwillturnatthethoughtoffryingfoodinanimal
10、fat.另一方面,我一想到动物油炸食品就会反胃。Iwasshudderedatthinkingofit.我一想到它就发抖。Iwassomiserableattheideaofyouintrouble.一想到你有麻烦,我就很痛苦。Atthebarethoughtofherlostbaby,shewouldburstintotears.一想到丢失的孩子,她就会泪流满面。Hewasfrightenedatthesoundofgun.他听到枪声吓坏了。Shewrinkledhernoseindisgustatthe
11、smellofurine.她闻到了一股尿骚味,恶心地皱起了鼻子。“Atthetouchoflove,everyonebecomesapoet.”ByPlato.柏拉图说过,“一经爱的触摸,人人皆为诗人。”(2)还可以用atthe(mere)/(very)mentionof当说到;一提到就,atthefirstopportunity(chance)一有机会就等,例如:Ifeelsickatthemerementionofblood.一提到血,我就恶心。Idliketopayavisittoheratthefir
12、stopportunity.我一有机会就去看望她。Wedecidedtorunatthefirstchancebecauseweknewitwouldbeadeathmarchinweatherlikethis.我们决定一有机会就逃,因为我们知道在这种天气里,走下去是非死不可的。(3)以及还可以用atthenewsof/about/that,一听到(的消息)就:Theyrejoicedatthenewsofhersafereturn.他们为(/一听到)她平安返回的消息而(/就)感到欣喜。Peoplebecamewildwi
13、thjoyatthenewsthatthe2008OlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijing.(一)听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时,人们(就)欣喜若狂。Iwassurprisedatthenewabouthisdeath.(一听到)他去世的消息令我震惊。(4)at名词或动名词多位于句首,而直接加名词结构常置于后。比如:Atseeinghermother,thegirlburstintotears.一见到母亲,那女孩就放声大哭起来。Hewasintearsatthenewsthathis
14、grandpadiedyesterday.他一听到他爷爷昨天过逝的消息就哭了。Theythreatenedtocallthepolice.Athearingthis,thepolicepointedoutironicallythatthiswouldhardlybenecessaryasthemenwerealreadyunderarrest.他们威胁说要去叫警察。警察一听到就讥讽地说,这大可不必,因为他俩已被逮捕了。5、on/upon名词或动名词:on/upon为介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语,表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成,句子
16、家就发现他们已经离开了。Therewasaletterwaitingforhimonhisreturn.他一回来就有一封信在等着他看。Onseeingthis,sheburstintotears.一看到这种情景,她就哭了。6、directly/immediately/instantly(mainlyBritishEnglishasconjunction):(1)directly作副词讲意思是:1、直接地,笔直地2、正好,恰好;截然。例如:Shedrovedirectlytoschool.她开车直接去学校。Hispoliticalviews
19、mmediately的意思和用法一样,如:IcameinstantlyIsawtheneed.一发觉有必要走一趟我就来了。ItelegraphedinstantlyIarrivedthere.一到那里我就发电报。IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.我一看见她就把她认出来了。7、immediately/instantly/directly+after:在第6个用法点中,我们看到,directly/immediately/instantly这三个词的用法基本相似,但是如果在他们后面加上after,不仅可以接从句,还可以接名词、代词
20、,相当于“assoonas”,意为“一就”,习惯上将其放在句子尾部,主句的谓语动词通常用过去时。例如:Icameimmediatelyafterbreakfast.我一吃完早饭就来了。ImadecontactwithhimimmediatelyafterIreceivedtheletter.我一接到信就和他联系了。Themachinewillstartinstantlyafteryoupressthebutton.你一按电钮机器就会开动。Theyhadameetingtosumupourexperienceimmediat
21、elyafterfinishingthework.工作一结束,他们立即开会总结经验。Youmustgotobeddirectlyaftertea.你喝完茶必须立刻就上床。Directlyafterheheardthenews,hewenttoseathem.一听到这消息他便去找他们。8、Hardlywhen/before,scarcelywhen/before,barelywhen/before和nosoonerthan:这四个短语,结构和用法类似,只是前三者常和when匹配,而nosooner和than搭配;意义相同,等于assoona
22、s;hardly/scarcely/barely和nosooner作状语修饰主句谓语,放在引导从句的连词when或than之前。例如:Theracehadhardly/scarcely/barelybegunwhen/beforeitstartedraining.比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了。Theracehadnosoonerbegunthanitstartedraining.比赛刚一开始就下起雨来了。注意:hardly/scarcely/barely和nosooner否定词位于句首时,句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装,而“when/than”从句部分语序不倒
23、装;倒装语句含义不变,但英语语句强调前置部分,故其语气较不倒装强烈。hardly/scarcely/barely和nosooner引导的是主句,表示它的动作发生在从句之前,故常用过去完成时,而when和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。例如:Hardly/Scarcely/Barelyhadtheracebegunwhenitstartedraining.Nosoonerhadtheracebegunthanitstartedraining.Hardlyhadwestartedourjourneywhenthecargotaf
25、王老师刚离开房间,学生就议论起她来了。Scarcely/Hardly/Barelyhadshebeguntospeakwhenwesensedthatshewasintrouble.她刚一开口,我们就感到他遇到麻烦了。Nosoonerhadwesetoutthanathunderstormbroke.我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。Theyhadhardlystartedtheirjourneywhenthecargotaflattire.他们刚出发,车胎就漏气了。9、as/sosoonas,nosoonerthan,和h
26、ardly/scarcelywhen/before这三个惯用短语都表示“一就,刚就”,但在用法上各有不同,应避免混淆而用错。1.连词assoonas:Assoonas的意思相当于“BassoonasA;A事情发生以后,就做B这件事;亦即B事件近乎与A事件同时发生,而实际上B事件的发生稍晚于A事件的发生”。Assoonas是最常见的表达方式,前一个as是副词(可用so替换,oldfashionedandliterary),后一个as是连词。它的特点是,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而且可以用于各种时态。主句和从句多数场合都可用一般过去时。当主句用一般将来时,从句则
27、须用现在时表示将来时。从句放在主句前后都行,从句中不可用进行时。例如:Hegotmarriedassoonasheleftuniversity.他一离开大学就结婚了。IlltellhimtheinformationassoonasIseehim.我一见到他,就把这消息告诉他。但强调从句动作和主句动作先后对比时。从句中也可用过去完成时。例如:Assoonasthesavageshadgone,Crusoereturnedhomefortwoguns.野人一走,克鲁索就回家拿了两支枪。注意:assoonas引导的从句所指的动作发生在主
29、nashereturns.他一回来,我们就去郊游。Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.他一得到消息就出发了。AssoonasIhadgotonthebus,mygrandmasaid“goodbye”tome我一上车,外婆就向我说再见。2.连词nosoonerthan:它的意思相当于“nosoonerAthanB;刚做完A这件事,就做B这件事”。例如:Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtahouse.他一回来就买了一套房子。有一点要注意,nos
30、oonerthan一般用来描述做过的事情,它不能用于表示将来的事。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。nosooner位于句首时,前面一个分句要用倒装语序,即Nosooner+助动词had+主语+过去分词。例如:Ihadnosooner(or:NosoonerhadI)reachedhomethanitbegantorain.我刚到家,天就下雨了。请比较下列两组同义句:Sheopenedthedoorassoonassheheardtheknock.Shehadnosoonerheardtheknockthanshe
31、openedthedoor.她一听到敲门,就把门开了。3.连词hardly/scarcelywhen(before):它的意思是“hardly/scarcelyAwhenB;几乎未来得及做完A这件事,紧接着就开始B这件事。”使用这个短语时,一般用于过去完成时;并且when有时可改用before。例如:Hehadhardlyfinishedthearticlewhenthelightwentout.他刚写完文,灯就熄了。Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouse.他还未安顿下来,就
32、卖掉了那所房子。另外,如果把hardly放于句首,主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。如:HardlyhadIfinishedeatingwhenhecamein.我刚吃完他就进来了。Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她还没走出家门,就有一个学生来看望她。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。hardly(scarcely)置于句首时,主句应用倒装语序,即:Hardly(Scarcely)+助动词had+主语+过去分词例如:Ihadhardly/scarcelyclosedmyeye