列举处指的是First,...,Second,...,Third,...,等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举出的内容中,选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序,而是采取句式排比的方式进行。
2、举例与打比方的地方常考
为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，更加明确，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子或比喻常会成为考点，因此考生应对那些引出这些例子或比喻的标志词加以注意。这类词很多，常见的有as,such,forexample,forinstance,acase,inpoint等。
3、（指示）代词出现处常考
这类考题,常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系和意义。
4、引用人物论断处常考
5、特殊标点符号后的内容常考
由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：破折号（表解释），括号（表解释），冒号（表解释），引号（表引用）。
答题技巧
若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后内容出题,可只读例子、名人言论、符号前后句内容,然后与选项对号入座。
例题：
CET41999年1月第2篇
Q:Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans__.
[A]thebusinessinstitutioninAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce
[B]businessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmenthinmis
[C]businessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans
[D]Aamericisagreatpowerinworldbusiness
正确答案是[C]
例题：CET62002年12月第29题
[A]thepovertylevelforafamilyoffourwentupdrastically
[B]moremoneywasallocatedtotheircompensationsystem
[C]therewerefewerlegalbarrierswhentheyfiledforclaims
[D]thenumberofworkerssuingfordamagesincreased
正确答案是[D]
根据题干中的"after1972"可马上判断出线索在最后一段。这一段的大意是说自1972年后，越来越多的人因工伤索赔而获益，所以越来越多的人就进行索赔，那么也就有医生和律师也来分一杯羹。尤其第二句话提到：索赔获益每增加10个百分点，进行索赔的工人人数就增加了5个百分点，与[D]一致。
选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义词替换的选项一般是答案。
例题：CET41997年6月第3篇
Q:OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowisthat____.
[A]newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildings
[B]itoccurredintheresidentialratherthanonthehighways
[C]largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholiday
[D]improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways
在四个选项中[C]项和[D]都与原文有关。但[C]达似乎照抄原文“thequakeoccurred…onaholiday”，但实际上是对原文的曲解。原文中并没有说大多LosAngeles的居民们外出度假了，只是说了当时的交通情况。而选项[D]中的improvement是对“changemadetotheconstructioncodes”的解释，是change在该文中的同义替换词，因此[D]是正确答案。
选项中表达意义较具体，或肤浅地表达了字面意思的，一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
例题：CET42000年1月第1篇
IsitworthitTwothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskare:1)Howlikelytheeventis;and2)Howbadtheconsequencesareiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightsrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.
Q:WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth
[A]Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.
[B]Suchacollisionmightoccurevery25years.
[C]CollidonsdsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.
正确答案是[A]
依据节选文中最后一句可知虽然小行星每50万年才撞击地球一次,但此事总是有可能发生的。在四个选项中,只有[A]项"小行星与地球碰撞的可能性不大,但这种危险是存在的"最具概括性。因此[A]项正确。
选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的,可能为答案。
例题：CET41996年6月第3篇
Mostourpatients(注:指上文中提到的terminallyiilpatients)welcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalconditionandtobetoldwhentheendwasnear.
Q:Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows____.
[A]hisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeople
[B]hisfearofapproachingdeath
[C]hispessimisticattitudetowardshiscondition
[D]hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily
答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,al1,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,hardly等。而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有：could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多数),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。
在议论文中那些符合一般常识的选项，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般性规律，属于普通现象的选项往往是答案项。
例题：CET62002年1月第30题
Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign(良性的)trendbeginstostumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned,noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit:fishisthebestexampleofthis.
Q:Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis____.
[A]toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly
[B]tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresources
[C]tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulation
[D]toavoidfluctuationsinprices
细节题干扰项特点：
(1)与原句内容相反；
(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同；
(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；
(4)原文中根本没提到。
自我测试一：
Q:By"justthetipoftheiceberg",Siegelsuggeststhat____.
[A]halfbrainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather
[B]themysteryofhalfbrainsleepisclosetobeingsolved
[C]mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers
[D]halfbrainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies
参考答案：
自我测试二：
1.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.
Q:Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms___.
[A]areusuallyhelped
[B]havelittleornoindividualfreedom
[C]tendtolosetheirindividuality
[D]enjoygreaterpopularity
2.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.
Q:Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat____.
[A]theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined
[B]mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathersprofessions
[C]boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers
[D]theylikechallengingactivities
3.WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,portrayingthetown’s2,305studentsasvictimsofstingy（吝啬的）taxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat;thepropertytaxratehereisonethirdlowerthanthestateaverage.ButshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowedKalkaska’seducatorsandthestate’slargestteachers’union,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakeapoliticalpoint.TheiraimwastospurPassageoflegislationMichiganlawmakersaredebatingtoincreasethestate’sshareofschoolfunding.
Q:WelearnfromthePassagethatschoolsinKalkaska,Michigan,arefunded_____.
[A]mainlybythestategovernment
[B]exclusivelybythelocalgovernment
[C]bytheNationalEducationAssociation
[D]byboththelocalandstategovernment
答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。
2.答案是[A]。四个选项中，[A]项与其他几项相比符合人们对男女角色的普遍认识，而其他三项都有偏颇之处。再返回原文，就在题干所涉及的句子之后，出现了[A]项关键词“socialroles，rigidlydetermined”等，再次验证[A]，因而选[A]。
议论文中符合一般常识的选项，富有深刻哲理，符合一般规律的选项。
大学英语六级真题阅读理解强化练习三
PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsatunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.
Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.
Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”
SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.
HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌输)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstance,USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.
21.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987
A)InJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagravecame.
B)Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.
C)InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.
D)Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.
22.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto________.
B)beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomers
C)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessary
D)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty
23.What’sProfessorGeorgeLodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporateleaders
A)SympatheticC)Critical
B)Biased.D)Approving.
24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
A)BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.
B)Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.
D)Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn’thelpsolvecorporatecrises.
25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrises
B)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployees
C)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrises
D)thedifferencebetweentwobusinesscultures
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality.
Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityauthoritieshadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,Itmadecarssmellofroses.
Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus(电车).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.
However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted—wrongly—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.
Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica’spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.WillitgoonUndoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.
26.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat________.
A)poorpeoplecan’taffordit
B)itistooexpensivetomaintain
C)toomanypeopleareusingit
D)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents
27.Accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause________.
A)itdidn’tbreakdownaseasilyasahorse
B)ithadacomparativelypleasantodor
C)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorses
D)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets
28.Whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety
A)Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.
B)Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.
C)Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.
D)Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.
29.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause________.
A)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturated
B)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreserious
C)expensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountries
D)peopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresources
30.What’swrongwithMr.Flink’sprediction
A)Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.
B)Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.
C)ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.
D)People’senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.
Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.
Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.
Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetocmotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.
Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.
AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.
AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.
31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.
A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican
B)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy
C)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeople
D)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed
32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referto
A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.
B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.
C)Thetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.
D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.
33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“________”.
A)havingnoeffectatall
B)leadingtotension
C)producingdisastrousimpact
D)harmfultohealth
34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying
A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.
B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival.
C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.
D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.
35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears
A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.
B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.
C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.
D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkhard.However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker,Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.
Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.The“overtrainingsyndrome(综合症)”isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.
Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport,Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral(病毒性的)illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.
Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerestrequired,Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime(e.g.3-4weeks)theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.
36.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat________.
A)theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe
B)restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete’sperformance
C)strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete’stopperformance
D)improvementofanathlete’sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining
37.By“overtraining”theauthormeans________.
A)aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining
B)undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion
C)trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest
D)trainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionallimits
38.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome
A)Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.
B)Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.
C)Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingprocess.
C)Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.
39.Whatdoesthephrase“leveloff”(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean
A)Slowdown.
B)Becomedull.
C)Stopimproving.
D)Beonthedecline.
40.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat________.
A)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness
B)overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs
C)anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest
D)illnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingsyndrome
PartⅡReadingComprehension
21---25CACBD
26---30BCBDA
31---35ACDBA
36---40BCDCD
大学英语六级真题词汇强化练习五
PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)
Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
21Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto_______it.
A)postponeB)refuse
C)delayD)cancel
22Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou_______youneed.
A)alltheinformationB)alltheinformations
C)allofinformationD)alloftheinformations
23Notuntilthegamehadbegun_______atthesportsground.
A)hadhearrivedB)wouldhehavearrived
C)didhearriveD)shouldhehavearrived
24Youngpeoplearenot_______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.
A)conservativeB)content
C)confidentD)generous
25MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis_______.
A)grantedB)implied
C)exaggeratedD)remedied
26Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.
A)unrecordedB)tobeunrecorded
C)unrecordingD)tohavebeenunrecorded
27Ihavenoobjection_______yourstoryagain.
A)tohearB)tohearing
C)tohavingheardD)tohaveheard
28Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_______orsocialposition.
A)curiosityB)status
C)determinationD)significance
29Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave_______opportunitytochangehismind.
A)accurateB)urgent
C)excessiveD)adequate
30Youwillseethisproduct_______whereveryougo.
A)tobeadvertisedB)advertised
C)advertiseD)advertising
31Theearlypioneershadto_______manyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.
A)goalongwithB)gobackon
C)gothroughD)gointo
32Thesuggestionthatthemajor_______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.
A)wouldpresentB)present
C)presentsD)oughttopresent
33Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,_______overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
A)whoseB)which
C)thatD)what
34Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested_______atthenexttown.
A)tostopB)stopping
C)stopD)havingstopped
35Ididn’tknowtheword.Ihadto_______adictionary.
A)lookoutB)makeout
C)refertoD)goover
36Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_______hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.
A)tobebasedonB)tobaseon
C)whichtobaseonD)onwhichtobase
37Therearesigns_______restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.
A)thatB)which
C)inwhichD)whose
38IthinkIwasatschool,_______IwasstayingwithafriendsduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.
A)orelseB)andthen
C)orsoD)evenso
39Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_______towardsbrightstudents.
A)partialB)beneficial
C)preferableD)liable
40Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook_______troubleoverthefigures.
A)extensiveB)spare
C)extraD)supreme
41-“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo’clocktonight”
-“I’msorry.Mr.Williams_______toaconferencelongbeforethen.”
A)willhavegoneB)hadgone
C)wouldhavegoneD)hasgone
42You_______himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.
A)shouldn’tfollowB)mustn’tfollow
C)couldn’t’havebeenfollowingD)shouldn’thavebeenfollowing
43Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,_______morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.
A)haveallowedB)allow
C)allowingD)allows
44Everybody_______inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.
A)assembledB)accumulated
C)piledD)joined
45Puttinginanewwindowwill_______cuttingawaypartoftheroof.
A)includeB)involve
C)containD)comprise
46Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,_______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.
A)withwhichB)forwhich
C)ofwhichD)which
47Inthe_______oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.
A)faceB)time
C)eventD)course
48Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter_______inthesameoffice.
A)hadnotworkedB)nottowork
C)doesnotworkD)didnotwork
49_______,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.
A)AlthoughmuchhelikesherB)Muchalthoughhelikesher
C)AshelikeshermuchD)Muchashelikesher
50TheBritishconstitutionis_______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.
A)withinB)to
C)byD)at
21.D22.A23.C24.B25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.B
31.C32.B33.A34.B35.C36.D37.A38.A39.A40.C
41.A42.D43.D44.A45.B46.C47.C48.D49.D50.B
英语四级考试考核要求与各题型解题技巧
PartI听力
按照新的教学大纲的要求，四级学生在学完1-4级基础阶段的英语课程后，对所给的英语口头材料应达到一定的理解程度。对题材熟悉，内容浅于课文，基本上无生词、语速为130个单词的材料，一遍可以听懂，准确率不低于70%。
通过对历年试卷的听力部分所作的题项分析，充分表明考生听力的高低完全取决于他们是否具备了以下4个方面的基础：
一.坚实的语言基础
二.一定的文化背景知识
三.基本的听力技能
四.正确有效的听音习惯
听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点：
一.对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容不太复杂
二.短文部分的材料是题材熟情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等
三.所用词汇不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围
解题技巧
1.对话
1）提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息
2）注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等
3）注意加减运算，听到的不是答案
5）从语法、短语含义入手，判断隐含之意
2.短文
1）提前阅读选项，增加听的目的性和针对性
2）注意把握首尾句，从整体上理解全文，这同样有利于主题题的解答
PartII阅读理解
大学英语考试中的阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：
1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意
2.了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节
3.既理解字面意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论
4.既理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系
各类题型干扰项特点
1.词汇语义题
1）与上下文并不相吻合的我们所熟悉的定义
2）与上下文似乎相吻合的错误定义
3）出现在上下文中的与本词词性相同的词
4）问及指代词时，干扰项一般是上下文中出现的名词或名词短语
2.主旨大意题干扰项特点
1）覆盖面太大，太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围
2）覆盖面太窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点
3）仅为短文的某一要点或某一细节
3.细节题干扰项特点
1）与短文细节部分相吻合，部分相悖
2）是短文细节，但不是要点或主要论据
3）是短文细节，但不符合题干要求，题干指向的应在短文其他位置
4）与常识相吻合但短文未提及
5）明显与短文细节不符，相反或短文为提及
4.逻辑推理题干扰项特点
3）是短文内容的简单重述，而非推而论之
4）似推论得知，但实与原文内容主题相矛盾
5）与常识相吻合，但非从短文内容推论得出
5.观点态度题干扰项特点
通过对历年真题的分析，在考查学生推测作者观点态度的是，一般正确选项要么是肯定，要么是否定，且以否定态度居多；一般出现的中性词语大多为干扰项目。
PartIV简短回答
评分准则
1）本题要求读后回答5个所提问题或补足不完整的句子
2）本题虽为简答题，但回答不全者扣分
3）有自相矛盾处扣分
4）照抄原文者扣分
5）答非所问者扣分
6）答多者扣分
7）正确的回答里有语法错误部分扣分
8）回答多余部分如有语法错误同样扣分
命题倾向剖析及应试技巧
简答题主要考三种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、推理题，而以事实细节题考得最多(约70%)。
1.主旨大意题
2.事实细节题
此类题型是简答题考查最多题型，考查形式多样，下面一一剖析。
(1)描述性题目能直接从原文中找到答案。此类细节题答案一般是句子谓语或宾语等主干成分，考生略做变化即能写出答案。
(2)因果型的题目短文中能直接找到原因或结果。通常表原因的关键词有：forthatreason,for,as,because,since,asaresultof,owingto,thanksto等。表结果的关键词有：asaresult,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so。考生阅读时要注意这些词后面的内容。
(3)范例型题目：需要概括答案的。表示举例的关键词有：forexample,such…as,forinstance,thatis,asfollow等。考生对这些词后面的内容要注意。
(4)对照比较型题目：对照比较目的在于所涉及的两个事物之间的不同或相似之处,进而说明主题.表对照的关键词有：however、nevertheless、incontrast、ontheotherhand、but、yet、while等。表比较的词有：likewise、inthesameway、asif、as等。
(5)描写叙述型题目：需要变换词法或句型。此类题句子内容和表达词在原文中能找到，考生关键是进行时态的变换、句型的转换。在替换过程中切勿因粗心犯了不该犯的错误，如时态、单复数和动名词等。)
3.推理题
这类题型主要包括两种：描述事实基础上推理和逻辑上的推理。
(2)通过前后句以及上、下文内在逻辑进行推理。此类题一般针对主题思想、作者意图而设计的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示转折或因果关系的一些词，如：but,however,yet,inshort,as,although,asaresult,because,since,therefore,thus,so等。
解题步骤
1）有的放矢，预读问题，做到心中有数
4）尽量用自己的语言组织答案，而且答案要简洁、扼要、书写要工整清晰，要注意大小写，争取以最简单易懂的词句来说明问题
5）答案一定要写在该题所要求写的地方，以避免答非所问之嫌，而影响得分
PartV写作
能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示在半小时内写出不少于120词的短文，能写日常应用文（信函，简历），内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。
四级写作的要求
一、评分原则
1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则
2.CET作文题采用总体(GlobalScoring)评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores)，而不是按语言点的错误数量扣分。
3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目做规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达，要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
二、评分标准
1.本题满分为15分
2.阅卷标准共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。
3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即9分）。但不得加或减半分。
4.评分标准：
2分——条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。
5分——基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，切多数为严重错误。
8分——基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中一些是严重错误。
11分——切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
篇幅：120字
达不到字数要求的，要酌情扣1-5分；
90-99扣1分，80-90扣2分，70-79扣3分，60-69扣5分，50-59扣7分，<49扣9分
布局：三段式
只写一段为0-4分，只写两段0-9分；
六级复习计划：精听泛听结合真题模拟题兼顾
针对CET-6复习计划
听力部分：分三部分
1.精听《20天20分》坚持每天上午听20-30分钟。
方法：①按书中的顺序和思维把题目完成，包括指导的方法，听力训练（初次听的时候不能每道题目反复听，应该集中精力象考试一样一气呵成。看看自己的正确率）以及课后的讲解（不用按书上写的天数复习，把每天的内容分散开来，别集中的囫囵吞枣，可以按照掌握的程度比如3天学一课）。
②做完一课以后，重新把听力训练的题目拿来，再继续听（注意第一了解大意后，听写出来，然后背并默出来，默写直到无误为止。此时要结合书中对这些题目考点和词汇的分析，做到把重要的词汇和句型融会贯通。在正式考试时候，也要一边听一边适当的做一些笔记（主要是细节，只要自己懂的标记就好，不能影响听的效果），以加强记忆。
2.精听真题（每天下午做）按上面的方法。
3.泛听《新概念3》每天上午10分钟左右。带有欣赏和放松的性质。体会英文表达方式的精妙之处。
词汇部分：资料:任何一本六级词汇手册
方法：①每晚临睡前15-20分钟雷打不动，可以在床上并不动笔，但要迅速记忆并在心中拼写。每次要首先复习以前背过的单词。可以自己考自己，以检查记忆情况。
切忌：不要一个单词看半天，重要的是重复（保证每个单词至少看过7遍以上），还有默念，尤其注意发音（做到以后再听力中可以听出来）以及这个单词的历年考点(还不知道词汇手册上有否)。
阅读理解：资料⑴真题
⑵新概念3
方法：㈠真题
然后：开始做题。其中的关键是每一道题必须回到原文中找到出处-也就是能够证明这道题正确答案的部分，千万不要凭印象，凭经验。最后注意的是除非觉得百分之九十是错了，否则千万别改。第一印象往往是对的。
②做完一套以后就是精读了，要求比较高。对照后面的答案和译文首先搞清楚自己到底错在哪里了。是差在没有读懂，还是单词不认识还是马虎。这是第一步，然后从头到尾每个语法结构，每个指代，每个短语，每个常难句的细抠。直到弄懂为止。当然此过程中笔记是不能少的了，千万别偷懒。反正只要是影响你读懂的地方全要拿来分析。这项工作费时费力，但是很见效果。一般每套至少要用3-5个小时，当然词汇（Vocabulary）也要这样细抠。不同之处在于你会的题目略过，完全掌握的单词也要略过。这样你的笔记上就筛出了你没有掌握的单词。等到考试之前再看一遍。什么叫做把书读薄可以理解了吧！
㈡新概念3
反正是补充的经典阅读嘛，重要程度自然不比真题。但是学习的路子还是一样的。反正做题贵在精而不在多。
改错，完型：
基本上是本人的弱项，不过多多研究，觉得考试的时候保底的分数还是可以拿到的。
改错无非是词汇，语法类错误和逻辑错误。前面的词汇，语法类错误我个人觉得还不是很难，多多留意名词单复数，动词的时态，非谓语形式等，形容词副词的比较级最高级，介词的搭配，近义词的误用等等。
“跨越四六级”之第三周模拟考题及答案解析
完形填空（适用四六级）
Startingseveraldaysago,Salon.comishopingsomeuserswillpay$30peryearforad-freepages.Thesepageswill_1_userstheads,andgivemore_2_includingextracolumns,andaudiodownloadsofF.ScottFitzgeraldshortstories._3_,userscouldcontinuetousethefreesite---_4_bigger,louderadsputonthewebto_5_theperceivedineffectivenessof_6_banneradsonthetopsofWebpages.
_7_,withtheexception_8_TheWallStreetJournal,whichalso_9_Webads,paidInternetsiteshavebeenunsuccessful._10_,anindustryanalystbelievesthechoicebetweenatraditionalsiteandanad-freesubscriptionsitemaybecomea_11_incomingmonths,_12_largeinteractiveadsreplaceor_13_traditionalbanneradsanddemandmoreattention_14_Webusers.“Mypredictionisthatastheseinteractiveadsare_15_andputonthesesites,becausethey’remoreundesirablynoticeable,peoplewillbemore_16_topayingforcontentthatisad-free,”saysDeniseGarcia,researchdirectorformediaatGartner,Inc.
Salon,aneconomicallysickWebmagazine,hashadtolay_17_aboutathirdofitsstaffinrecentmonths.Ithopesthe_18_willbring_19_much-neededrevenue,butdoesnotseeitasasuremethodto_20_makethesiteprofitable,aspokesmansays.
1.A)provideB)spareC)giveD)bring
2.A)personalitiesB)charactersC)marksD)features
3.A)OrB)HoweverC)ThoughD)Therefore
4.A)exceptB)despiteC)althoughD)and
5.A)protectB)combatC)increaseD)contradict
6.A)laterB)latterC)currentD)formal
7.A)AdditionallyB)TraditionallyC)EssentiallyD)Presumably
8.A)toB)asC)atD)in
9.A)makesB)transformsC)performsD)runs
10.A)PresentlyB)SoC)ThoughD)However
11.A)habitB)trendC)wayD)instruction
12.A)whenB)whileC)asD)though
13.A)supplementB)putC)provideD)compensate
14.A)atB)toC)fromD)in
15.A)implementedB)subscribedC)setD)prescribed
16.A)willingB)openC)tendD)likely
17.A)outB)asideC)downD)off
18.A)behaviorB)moveC)motionD)movement
19.A)inB)aboutC)atD)forth
20.A)instantlyB)predictablyC)constantlyD)contemporarily
改错（适用于六级）
ManyAmericansmindlesslyopposehunting.Theydosoevenin
caseswhereanimalpopulationsaredangeroushigh.In1._______________
someareasofAlaska,wolveshavebecomesorarethatthey2________________
arerunningoutofhuntinggroundandpreyheavilyon
moose,deer,andoccasionallydogs.Inpast,game3_______________
managerscurbedwolfpopulationsfortrappingandaerial4_______________
huntingwithoutwipingawaythespecies.Still,whenever5______________
theyproposedothisnowadays,theyreceivetens6_______________
ofthousandslettersofprotest.Growingdeerpopulationsin7________________
partsofCaliforniathreattostarvethemselvesout.Seaotter8_______________
colonies,boominginthePacificcoast,arefastrunning9________________
outoffood,too,asgoodasputtingcommercialfisher-10____________
menoutofbusiness.
本周作文：（四级120字，六级150字）
1、随着社会发展，近年来出现了一个令人担心的社会问题，人与人之间的信任程度降低了（举例）
2、这个问题所带来的不良后果
3、解决问题的办法。
完形填空答案（适用四六级）
1.B)spare
2.D)features
3.A)Or
4.B)despite
5.B)combat
6.C)current
7.B)Traditionally
8.A)to
9.D)runs
10.D)However
11.B)trend
12.C)as
13.A)supplement
14.C)from
15.A)implemented
16.B)open
17.D)off
18.B)move
19.A)in
20.A)instantly
改错答案（适用于六级）
1.dangerousdangerously
2.rarenumerous
3.inpastinthepast
4.forby
5.awayout
6.dodoing
7.thousandslettersthousandsofletters
8.threatthreaten
9.inalong
10.goodwell
英语四级长阅读技巧
答题技巧一：详略得当
题目中数字、人名等信息(题眼)在原文中对应的部分必须详读。而对所要解释或证明的观点的细节举例处或者通常有数个名词的并列项，它们不是完整的主谓宾的句子，因此无法与问题对应的详细列举处，都可以略读。
答题技巧二：显性信息
查读的信息通常是显性信息，只要将问题在原文中进行准确定位就能得到正确答案，一般不需要做推理。
特别提示：考生对于以下一些显性信息也应注意
(1)表示因果关系的词或词组：because,reason,dueto,since,sothat,therefore等
(2)表示目的关系的词或词组：inorderto,soasto,by等
(3)表示转折关系的词或词组：but,however,yet等
(4)表示对比关系的词或词组：contraryto,unlike,like等
答题技巧三：题文同序
英语四级考试的阅读部分，问题顺序与原文顺序一致(有时顺序不一致)，这就要求考生应该按照题目的顺序依次做题。
答题技巧四：分解对应
分解对应四分法：快速将问题分解成4个部分(主A谓B宾C+其他D)，与原文进行对比。
答题技巧五：选小不选大
四级阅读中，问题的范围必须小于原文范围，反之则不选。
不能选的选项为：
(1)选项的信息与原文内容相反
(2)选项将原文的意思张冠李戴
(3)将原文中的不确定因素转化为确定因素
(4)改变原文中的条件、范围等
答题技巧六：主宾判定
四级阅读中，将题干的句子进行简单分解后，问题中的主语、宾语在原文未出现或被偷换概念，则不选。
不选的选项：
(1)选项表述无中生有
(2)原文中作者的目的、意图、愿望等内容在选项作为客观事实陈述