英汉翻译讲义

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10.祝学习、生活愉快。

《英汉双语翻译理论与实践》参考书目(迷你版):

[1]陈宏薇、李亚丹.新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)上外教,2010年

[2]邓炎昌、刘润清.语言与文化.外语教学与研究出版社,1989.

[3]古今明.英汉翻译基础.上海外语教育出版社,1997年版

[4]华先发、邵毅.新编大学英译汉教程.上外教出版社,2004年版

[5]柯平.英汉与汉英翻译教程.北京大学出版社,1993.

[6]李长栓.非文学翻译理论与实践.中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.

[7]李运兴.英汉语篇翻译(第二版).清华大学出版社,2003.

[8]连淑能.英汉对比研究.高等教育出版社,1993.

[9]吕瑞昌等编著.汉英翻译教程.陕西人民出版社,1983.

[10]邵志洪.汉英对比翻译导论.华东理工大学出版社,2005.

[11]孙致礼.新编英汉翻译教程.上海外语教育出版社,2003.

[12]叶子南.高级英汉翻译理论与实践.清华大学出版社,2001.

[13]余光中.余光中谈翻译.中国对外翻译出版公司,2002.

[14]张培基.英汉翻译教程.上海外语教育出版社,1983.

英汉翻译讲义

Instructor:Mr.Peng

第一章翻译的性质、标准及过程

1.1“翻译”古今称呼之由来。

“翻也者,如翻锦绮,背面俱花,但其花有左右不同耳。”——释赞宁《译经篇.论》

“译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。”——唐朝贾公彦《义疏》

古代:象寄之才、象胥、舌人。

疑汉以来,多事北方,故“译”名烂熟矣。……南北朝始用“翻译”。—陈福康《中国译学理论史稿》P3-4翻译是跨语言(cross-linguistic)、跨文化(cross-cultural)、跨社会(cross-social)的交际活动。——陈宏薇《汉英翻译基础》上海外教社.1998年.P10.

西方:

Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.

所谓翻译,是指在接受语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现源语的信息,首先在语义上,其次是文体

上。(EugeneA.Nida&CharlesR.Taber:TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation,1969)

1.2.翻译活动涉及的因素:

作者(author)、原文(sourcetext)、原文读者(source-textreaders)、译者(translator)、译文(targettext/translatedversion)、译文读者(target-textreaders)

1.3.最早译论:中国PK西方

公元前46年古罗马哲人西赛罗《论演说术》:“不要逐字翻译”。

早于西赛罗四五百年的孔子曰:“名从主人,物从中国”。——陈福康《中国译学理论史稿》P4-5

1.4.翻译的可能性和局限性。(可译性是绝对的,不可译性是相对的)

可能性:文化共性strikewhileironishotburnonesboat

局限性:文化个性我姓张,弓长张。我只知道马走日,象走田。

客上天然居,居然天上客。红烧狮子头

批评:“土耳其挂毯的反面”,“水煮过之杨梅(形存味失)”,“隔被闻花香。”

鼓励:人类心灵的信使

1.5.中国历史上四次翻译高潮(建国前)

佛经翻译——科技翻译——政文翻译——马列翻译

佛经翻译(两汉——唐宋)

三国支谦“因徇本旨,不加文饰”《法句经序》中国第一篇有关翻译原则的论文;

东晋道安五失本、三不易。“案本而传,不令有损言游字;时改倒句,余尽实录”直译的鼻祖;

六朝鸠摩罗什“改梵为秦,失其藻蔚,虽得大意,殊隔文体,有似嚼饭与人,非徒失味,乃令呕哕也”;“依实出华”;“天然西域之语趣”意译的鼻祖;

唐代玄奘“求真喻俗”、“五不翻”、音译的鼻祖;第一个把汉文著作(老子)介绍国外的中国人。

科技翻译(明末清初)

徐光启、利玛窦合译了6卷欧几里德的《几何原本》等

李之藻翻译了10卷亚里士多德的《辩证法概论》

政文翻译(鸦片战争——五四运动)

严复翻译了赫胥黎的《天演论》、亚当.斯密的《原富》、孟德斯鸠的《法意》等

林纾翻译了180多部文学著作、1200万字

马列翻译(五四运动——建国)

《共产党宣言》、《死灵魂》、《毁灭》、《莎士比亚剧本》

鲁迅、梁实秋、瞿秋白、郭沫若、林语堂、成仿吾、朱生豪等

白话文代替文言文

第五次翻译高潮?

思考题1:中国历史上四次翻译高潮与中国文化之关系?

思考题2:谈谈你对严复的“信、达、雅”三字翻译标准的看法。

译事三难信达雅。求其信已大难矣,顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉。……

THE END
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